CN114486587A - Method for distinguishing copper grade for enameled wire - Google Patents
Method for distinguishing copper grade for enameled wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN114486587A CN114486587A CN202011154083.1A CN202011154083A CN114486587A CN 114486587 A CN114486587 A CN 114486587A CN 202011154083 A CN202011154083 A CN 202011154083A CN 114486587 A CN114486587 A CN 114486587A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for distinguishing copper grades for enameled wires, which comprises the steps of Vickers hardness determination, powder falling amount and copper powder particle form determination, limit torsion measurement, fracture determination and metallographic atlas analysis. The method for distinguishing the copper grade of the enameled wire can quickly and accurately distinguish high-speed copper and common copper through detection in the incoming material inspection stage, is simple and easy to operate, simple and clear in operation process, perfect on the basis of national standards, strong in universality, accurate in judgment of detection results and low in cost, can guide the enameled wire to produce copper rods for graded use, and avoids mass loss caused by abnormal quality of produced copper wires or unnecessary distribution and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of enameled wires, and particularly relates to a method for distinguishing copper grades for enameled wires.
Background
The copper rod is used as one of main raw materials of the enameled copper wire and is used as a conductor in the enameled wire. In the enameled wire industry, the copper rod is mainly applied to the wire drawing process of the head end, and the copper rod with the diameter of 8mm is processed and drawn to be made into wire cores of various specifications. According to the different painting processes, the production machine modes of the enameled wire can be divided into a die machine and a felt machine, and the die machine is also called a high-speed machine because the relative production speed of the die machine is higher.
The high-speed copper mainly refers to copper for enameled wires produced by a die machine, and the production speed, the painting mode, the production process and the difficulty degree in the production process of the high-speed machine in the process of producing the enameled wires are different from those of a common machine; the high-speed machine has high production speed, the painting adopts a mode of die painting, and the production process is more than that of a common machine (Union draw and the like), so that the selected copper requirement is higher, and the copper is generally defined as high-speed copper. The common machine basically adopts a felt painting mode, the production speed is low, the technological process is less than that of a high-speed machine, the surface smoothness of a bare copper wire is not required to be high by the high-speed machine, and therefore the used copper is defined as common copper. The elongation, the content of impurities and the surface smoothness of the copper wire in the wire drawing process of the high-speed copper are all superior to those of common copper, and the high-speed copper is at least one grade higher than that of the common copper in the aspects of quality, cost, use efficiency and the like. Therefore, the copper rods with different grades can be distinguished according to the use requirements in the production process of the enameled wire, so that the cost can be saved, and the production efficiency can be improved.
At present, no method for rapidly and accurately distinguishing and judging high-speed copper and common copper exists in the industry, and the high-speed copper and the common copper can only be distinguished according to an installed online detector, and at the moment, a copper rod is drawn into a semi-finished product with the diameter of about 2mm from the diameter of 8 mm. If the quality of the copper material of the batch is unqualified, the produced enameled wire has the defects of a plurality of pinholes, hair grains and the like, the online detector can give an alarm, the production cannot be continued, and the product quality and the production efficiency are seriously influenced. If the semi-finished products are not qualified, a large amount of semi-finished products are scrapped. Therefore, the method for distinguishing the grade of the copper rod in the existing industry is single, the time consumption is long, a method for distinguishing the grade of the copper for the enameled wire, which can be quickly detected, is accurate and reliable, is required to be found out urgently, the copper can be distinguished in time when incoming materials are detected, the production feeding and using are guided, and the mass loss caused by the abnormal quality of the produced batch copper wires or the non-required distribution and use is avoided.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enameled wire, the method can quickly and accurately distinguish high-speed copper from common copper, and has the advantages of simple operation, strong universality and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for distinguishing the copper grade of an enameled wire comprises the steps of Vickers hardness determination, powder falling amount and copper powder particle form determination, limit torsion measurement, fracture determination and metallographic atlas analysis.
The method is improved on the basis of national standards, has strong universality, and can judge high-speed copper and common copper only when the Vickers hardness determination, the powder falling amount and copper powder particle morphology judgment, the ultimate torsion measurement and fracture judgment and the metallographic atlas analysis all meet the requirements.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) determination of Vickers hardness: the Vickers hardness of the enameled wires to be distinguished is measured by copper, and the Vickers hardness measurement value is divided into an interval A and an interval B, wherein A is 95-105HV, and B is less than 95HV or more than 105 HV;
(2) powder falling amount and copper powder particle morphology judgment: carrying out forward and reverse twisting on enameled wires to be distinguished by copper for multiple times, collecting copper powder below the enameled wires, observing the shape of the copper powder by using a microscope, wherein the mass of the copper powder is divided into two intervals of C and D, wherein C is less than or equal to 2.2mg, a single particle of the copper powder is large, the length and width uniformity is relatively good, the number in a unit area is relatively small, D is more than 2.2mg, a single particle of the copper powder is small, the length and width uniformity is not good, and the number in the unit area is relatively large;
(3) and (3) limiting torsion measurement and fracture judgment: carrying out multiple forward rotation and reverse rotation on enameled wires to be distinguished by copper, recording the number of reverse rotation when the copper is broken and observing the state of a fracture section of the copper, wherein the number of reverse rotation is divided into two intervals of E and F, E is 23-25 turns, F is 26-30 turns, the fracture section state is divided into G and H, G is obvious protruding burrs, the fractures are uneven, and H is the fracture parallel and level after the copper rod is broken and has no obvious burrs;
(4) metallographic phase spectrum analysis: carrying out metallographic observation on enameled wires to be distinguished by using copper under a metallographic microscope, wherein the lattice distribution is divided into I and J, wherein I is that the single unit cell volume is small, the unit cell distribution uniformity is poor, and the density is high, J is that the single unit cell volume is large, the unit cell distribution uniformity is good, and the density is poor;
(5) and (4) determining the copper grade according to the results of the steps (1) to (4).
Further, the copper detection performance of the enameled wire to be distinguished is high-speed copper when the enameled wire is in ACEGI, and is common copper when the enameled wire is in BDFHJ.
Further, the experimental force value is 0.3kgf during Vickers hardness measurement, the load retention time is 10s, the length of copper for enameled wires to be distinguished is 2cm, the pressing test is carried out for three times, and the average value is taken.
Further, the positive and negative rotation and torsion are 20 circles when the powder dropping amount and the copper powder particle shape are judged, and the speed is 60 r/min.
Further, the enameled wires to be distinguished are wiped clean by ethanol before being weighed by copper.
Further, the length of the copper for the enameled wire to be distinguished is 31cm when the powder falling amount and the copper powder particle form are judged.
Further, the limit torsion measurement and the fracture judgment are carried out by rotating 30 circles forwards and 40 circles backwards at the speed of 90 r/min.
Further, the length of the copper for the enameled wire to be distinguished is 2cm during metallographic analysis.
Further, during metallographic analysis, the enameled wires to be distinguished are ground and polished by copper, and ammonia water is coated on the polished surfaces.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for distinguishing the copper grade of the enameled wire can quickly and accurately distinguish high-speed copper and common copper through detection in the incoming material inspection stage, is simple and easy to operate, simple and clear in operation process, perfect on the basis of national standards, strong in universality, accurate in judgment of detection results and low in cost, can guide the enameled wire to produce copper rods for graded use, and avoids mass loss caused by abnormal quality of produced copper wires or unnecessary distribution and use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a view showing the morphology of copper powder particles of sample No. 1 in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a morphology chart of copper powder particles of sample No. 2 in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fracture diagram of sample No. 1 in example 1 of the present invention during ultimate torsion measurement;
FIG. 4 is a fracture diagram of sample No. 2 in example 1 of the present invention during ultimate torsion measurement;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic graph of test No. 1 in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic graph of test No. 2 in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment is explained by taking a high-speed copper and a normal copper as examples:
1. firstly, sampling: two copper rods of about 100cm are cut according to the inspection requirements, one is high-speed copper and the other is ordinary copper, and straighter copper materials are taken as far as possible, so that the straightening is facilitated.
2. Straightening: after sampling is finished, a wooden hammer is used in a laboratory to straighten a copper rod, and attention cannot be paid to too much force;
3. shearing copper rod samples with different lengths according to the inspection requirements of different properties, wherein the Vickers hardness and metallographic atlas analysis are both 2cm, the powder dropping amount and copper powder particle morphology determination, the ultimate torsion measurement and fracture determination lengths are both 31cm, and respectively taking two pieces of copper as No. 1 and No. 2.
The specific method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enameled wire is as follows:
(1) determination of Vickers hardness: and grinding and polishing the cut No. 1 and No. 2 samples, manufacturing smooth and horizontal samples, placing the samples on a Vickers hardness tester for sample pressing test for three times, measuring the experimental force value by 0.3kgf, keeping the load for 10s, measuring the measuring indentation by using a Vickers hardness tester measuring system, manually measuring the distance D1, and performing data test by using the distance D2 to obtain hardness test data, wherein the specific hardness values are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
(2) Powder falling amount and copper powder particle morphology judgment:
samples No. 1 and No. 2 were wrapped 30mm at both ends with clear adhesive, wiped clean 250mm in the middle with a rag stained with ethanol, weighed with an analytical balance (0.0001g) and recorded.
Weight of sample No. 1 before torsion: 13.8174 g; weight of sample No. 2 before torsion: 141.5732 g;
carrying out 20/20 forward and reverse rotation and torsion on the No. 1 and No. 2 tests at the speed of 60r/min, placing an A4 paper below the test, carefully taking out the copper rod test after the torsion is finished, preventing transparent glue at two ends from falling off, lightly brushing the sample with a soft brush, and weighing;
sample No. 1 weight after torsion: 135.8149 g; sample No. 2 weight after torsion: 141.5718 g; the powder falling amount is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Sample numbering | Mass before torsion (g) | Mass after torsion (g) | Powder falling amount (mg) |
| Number 1 | 135.8174 | 135.8149 | 2.5(D) |
| Number 2 | 141.5732 | 141.5718 | 1.4(C) |
The morphology of the copper powder was observed under a microscope by removing the copper powder from the paper of sample No. 1 and sample No. 2A 4, respectively, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. As can be seen from fig. 1, the copper powder has small single particles, poor uniformity of length and width, and relatively large number (D) in unit area, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the copper powder has large single particles, relatively good uniformity of length and width, and relatively small number (C) in unit area.
(3) And (3) limiting torsion measurement and fracture judgment:
and (3) installing the No. 1 and No. 2 samples on a torsion testing machine, setting the parameters of the torsion testing machine to be 90r/min, positively rotating for 30 turns, reversely rotating for 40 turns, recording the number of reversely rotating revolutions when the copper rod is broken, and observing the fracture section state of the copper rod.
Wherein, number 1 sample number of turns at break: 26.1 (F); fracture state: the fracture of the copper rod is level after the copper rod is broken, and no obvious burr (H) exists; number 2 sample number of break cycles: 24.8 (E); fracture state: the fracture of the No. 1 sample is shown in figure 3, and the fracture of the No. 2 sample is shown in figure 4.
(4) Metallographic phase spectrum analysis:
taking the length of the No. 1 sample and the No. 2 sample to be 2cm for grinding and polishing;
and (2) smearing metallographic corrosive liquid ammonia water on the polished surface, standing for ten minutes, placing the polished surface under a metallographic microscope for metallographic observation, wherein the result of the No. 1 sample is shown in figure 5, the volume of a single crystal cell is larger, the distribution uniformity of the crystal cell is better, the density is poorer (J), the result of the No. 2 sample is shown in figure 6, the volume of a single crystal cell is smaller, the distribution uniformity of the crystal cell is poorer, and the density is higher (I).
The test results of sample nos. 1 and 2 are summarized in table 3.
TABLE 3
The results of the test 1 were found to be BDFHJ, normal copper, ACEGI, high-speed copper, as determined by the analysis in Table 3.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for distinguishing the copper grade for enameled wires is characterized by comprising the steps of Vickers hardness determination, powder falling amount and copper powder particle form determination, limit torsion measurement, fracture determination and metallographic atlas analysis.
2. The method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enameled wire according to claim 1, characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) determination of Vickers hardness: the Vickers hardness of the enameled wires to be distinguished is measured by copper, and the Vickers hardness measurement value is divided into an interval A and an interval B, wherein A is 95-105HV, and B is less than 95HV or more than 105 HV;
(2) powder falling amount and copper powder particle morphology judgment: carrying out forward and reverse twisting on enameled wires to be distinguished by copper for multiple times, collecting copper powder below the enameled wires, observing the shape of the copper powder by using a microscope, wherein the mass of the copper powder is divided into two intervals of C and D, wherein C is less than or equal to 2.2mg, a single particle of the copper powder is large, the length and width uniformity is relatively good, the number in a unit area is relatively small, D is more than 2.2mg, a single particle of the copper powder is small, the length and width uniformity is not good, and the number in the unit area is relatively large;
(3) and (3) limiting torsion measurement and fracture judgment: carrying out multiple forward rotation and reverse rotation on enameled wires to be distinguished by copper, recording the number of reverse rotation when the copper is broken and observing the state of a fracture section of the copper, wherein the number of reverse rotation is divided into two intervals of E and F, E is 23-25 turns, F is 26-30 turns, the fracture section state is divided into G and H, G is obvious protruding burrs, the fractures are uneven, and H is the fracture parallel and level after the copper rod is broken and has no obvious burrs;
(4) metallographic phase spectrum analysis: carrying out metallographic observation on enameled wires to be distinguished by using copper under a metallographic microscope, wherein the lattice distribution is divided into I and J, wherein I is that the single unit cell volume is small, the unit cell distribution uniformity is poor, and the density is high, J is that the single unit cell volume is large, the unit cell distribution uniformity is good, and the density is poor;
(5) and (4) determining the copper grade according to the results of the steps (1) to (4).
3. The method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enameled wire according to claim 2, wherein the copper detection performance for the enameled wire to be distinguished is high speed copper when the enameled wire is ACEGI and normal copper when the enameled wire is BDFHJ.
4. The method for distinguishing copper grades for enameled wires according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the Vickers hardness is measured with a test force of 0.3kgf, a load retention time of 10s, the length of copper for enameled wires to be distinguished is 2cm, the copper is press-tested three times, and the average value is taken.
5. The method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enameled wire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positive and negative rotation and torsion are 20 turns at a speed of 60r/min for both the powder falling amount and the copper powder particle morphology judgment.
6. The method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enameled wire according to claim 5, wherein the surface of the enameled wire to be distinguished is wiped clean by ethanol before the enameled wire is weighed by copper.
7. The method for distinguishing the copper grade for enamel wire according to claim 5 wherein the length of copper for enamel wire to be distinguished at the time of powder falling amount and morphology determination of copper powder particles is 31 cm.
8. A method for distinguishing copper grades for enameled wires according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the limit twist measurement and fracture determination are carried out with 30 forward rotation and 40 reverse rotation at a speed of 90 r/min.
9. The method for distinguishing the copper grade for the enamel wire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of the copper for the enamel wire to be distinguished is 2cm in metallographic analysis.
10. The method for distinguishing the grade of copper for enameled wires according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the enameled wires to be distinguished are ground and polished with copper during metallographic analysis, and ammonia water is applied to the polished surface.
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| CN202011154083.1A CN114486587A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Method for distinguishing copper grade for enameled wire |
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| CN202011154083.1A CN114486587A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Method for distinguishing copper grade for enameled wire |
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