CN114486534A

CN114486534A - Anchor drawing test device and method

Info

Publication number: CN114486534A
Application number: CN202111538338.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康红普; 高富强; 董双勇; 杨景贺; 娄金福; 李建忠; 王晓卿; 杨磊; 原贵阳; 曹舒雯
Original assignee: Ccteg Coal Mining Research Institute Co ltd; Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ccteg Coal Mining Research Institute Co ltd; Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-15
Filing date: 2021-12-15
Publication date: 2022-05-13

Abstract

The invention provides an anchor drawing test device and a method, which relate to the technical field of roadway support anchors, the anchor drawing test device comprises a surrounding pressure chamber, a surrounding rock sample, an oil pressure sensor, a connecting piece, a pressure sensor and a first driving piece, concretely, a hole body suitable for the anchor to penetrate through is arranged in the surrounding rock sample, the hole body is connected with the anchor through an anchoring agent, the surrounding rock sample is arranged in the surrounding pressure chamber, an oil chamber is formed between the peripheral side of the surrounding rock sample and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber, the oil pressure sensor is used for detecting the oil pressure in the oil chamber, the connecting piece is suitable for being connected with the part of the anchor extending out of the surrounding rock sample, the pressure sensor is arranged between the connecting piece and the surrounding pressure chamber, and oil is introduced into the oil chamber and pressurized to form rated pressure on the surrounding rock sample, so that surrounding pressure is generated on the anchoring section of the anchor in the hole body, and the anchor is closer to the state in the actual drawing test process, the accuracy and the reliability of the drawing test result of the anchoring part are improved.

Description

Anchor drawing test device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway support, in particular to an anchoring piece drawing test device and method.

Background

In China, underground mining is mainly used in coal mines, the production environment condition is complex, and a large number of roadways need to be excavated underground. The anchor bolt support is an economic and effective means for supporting the roadway, and becomes a preferred high-efficiency support mode for the coal mine roadway, but with the continuous increase of the mining depth, the mining width and the mining strength of the coal mine in recent years, deep mines in China are gradually increased, further, the hazards of roadway deformation increase, rock burst and the like caused by high stress at the deep part are gradually enhanced, the problems of anchor bolt breakage, support member failure, large-range bulging on the surface of the roadway and the like frequently occur in the roadway, and the higher requirement is brought for the support performance of the anchor bolt.

Engineering field statistics shows that when the anchor rod is subjected to static pressure and dynamic pressure of surrounding rocks in supporting, if the anchoring force of the anchor rod cannot meet the maintenance requirement of a roadway, accidents such as collapse, roof fall and the like are caused, and a large amount of casualties and economic loss are caused. When the anchor rod plays a role in supporting in a roadway surrounding rock environment, the periphery of the anchoring body is subjected to surrounding rock stress in different directions except for the axial load transmission in the anchor rod, and the bearing capacity of an anchoring system is directly influenced by the change of the stress. The confining pressure is a very important factor in anchor rod anchoring design, and the influence on the anchoring force in an anchoring system is rarely researched, so that the further research on the anchoring mechanism of the anchor rod, the interaction relation between the anchor rod and surrounding rocks, the stress distribution rule, the bearing characteristic of an anchoring body and other problems under the complex underground condition is necessary.

However, on-site measurement is often limited by environmental conditions and is often influenced by various uncertain factors, so that the method is difficult to develop, and comparatively speaking, the method is researched in an anchoring characteristic laboratory, so that the internal rules of the system are more easily obtained, and technical support is provided for engineering. At present, no mature test device capable of carrying out confining pressure loading on the anchor rod exists, and the anchor rod drawing test is carried out on a common universal testing machine to test the anchoring performance of the anchor rod, so that the stress environment of the anchor rod is seriously inconsistent with the actual engineering.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an anchor drawing test device and method, which aim to solve the problem that when the existing test device is used for drawing test of an anchor, the axial load is only transferred to the anchor, and the surrounding rock stress from different directions on the anchor is not considered, so that the stress environment of the anchor in the test process is seriously inconsistent with the actual engineering, and the test result is not accurate enough.

Understandably, the anchoring member can be a bolt or an anchor cable.

The invention provides an anchor drawing test device in a first aspect, which comprises:

a confining pressure chamber;

the device comprises a surrounding rock sample, wherein a hole body suitable for an anchoring piece to penetrate through is arranged inside the surrounding rock sample, the hole body is connected with the anchoring piece through an anchoring agent, the surrounding rock sample is arranged inside a surrounding pressure chamber, an oil cavity is formed between the peripheral side of the surrounding rock sample and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber, and the oil cavity is provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet;

the oil pressure sensor is used for detecting the oil pressure in the oil cavity, the detection end of the oil pressure sensor is arranged in the oil cavity, and the oil pressure detected by the oil pressure sensor is maintained within a rated range by injecting oil and pressurizing at the oil inlet;

a connector adapted to connect the portion of the anchor extending out of the surrounding rock specimen;

a pressure sensor located between the connection and the plenum;

the first driving piece drives the pressure sensor to move in a direction away from the confining pressure chamber so that the pressure sensor pushes the connecting piece.

Further, the first driving member includes:

the hollow oil cylinder is arranged between the confining pressure chamber and the pressure sensor, a piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder is suitable for the penetration of an anchoring piece, and the piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder is suitable for pushing the pressure sensor to move towards the direction far away from the confining pressure chamber.

Further, still include:

and the second driving piece is used for driving the hollow oil cylinder to be close to or far away from the confining pressure chamber.

Further, still include:

the second driving piece is connected to the driving piece mounting plate;

one end of the host support column is connected to the driving piece mounting plate, and the extension direction of the host support column is along the length direction of the anchoring piece;

the hydro-cylinder mounting panel, hollow hydro-cylinder connect in the hydro-cylinder mounting panel, the hydro-cylinder mounting panel be suitable for anchor assembly with the host computer support column runs through.

Further, the hollow cylinder is located above the confining pressure chamber, and the second driving member includes:

the steel wire rope hoist is connected to the driving piece mounting plate and is wound with a steel wire rope;

the fixed pulley is connected to the driving piece mounting plate, and one end of the steel wire rope extends out of the steel wire rope hoist and is connected with the oil cylinder mounting plate after passing through the fixed pulley;

the steel wire rope hoister drives the oil cylinder mounting plate to lift by retracting and releasing the steel wire rope, and then drives the hollow oil cylinder to be far away from or close to the confining pressure chamber.

Further, still include:

the other end of the host supporting column is connected with the host mounting base;

confining pressure room spacing strip, confining pressure room spacing strip connect in host installation base, confining pressure room spacing strip is equipped with three, three confining pressure room spacing strip connects gradually and forms U type structure, U type structure is suitable for the confession confining pressure room card is gone into with right confining pressure room carries on spacingly.

Further, still include:

the sliding end of the first displacement sensor is suitable for an anchoring part to penetrate through, the sliding end is connected to a piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder, the hollow oil cylinder is connected to one end, close to the confining pressure chamber, of the oil cylinder mounting plate, and the fixed end of the first displacement sensor is connected to the oil cylinder mounting plate;

the second displacement sensor is a spring type displacement sensor, the spring type displacement sensor is embedded in the confining pressure chamber and is positioned at one end, far away from the pressure sensor, of the confining pressure chamber, and an elastic part of the spring type displacement sensor is suitable for being connected with one end, close to the spring type displacement sensor, of the anchoring part.

Further, the confining pressure chamber comprises:

an outer cylinder of the confining pressure chamber;

an upper cover of the confining chamber;

the confining pressure chamber upper cover and the confining pressure chamber base are respectively used for plugging openings at two ends of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder, wherein the confining pressure chamber upper cover is positioned on one side, close to the oil pressure sensor, of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder;

the confining pressure chamber upper cover and the confining pressure chamber base are tightly attached to the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder through a sealing ring, and the confining pressure chamber upper cover is suitable for an anchoring piece to penetrate through.

Further, the plenum chamber further comprises:

the upper cushion block penetrates through the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover and is suitable for an anchoring piece to penetrate through, the upper cushion block is matched with the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover through a step structure, one end, close to the surrounding rock sample, of the upper cushion block extends to the outside of the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover and is attached to the surrounding rock sample, the upper cushion block and the surrounding rock sample are in smooth transition, a first annular groove is formed between the peripheral side of the upper cushion block and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder and is communicated with the oil cavity, and one end, close to the oil cavity, of the first annular groove is wider than one end, away from the oil cavity, of the first annular groove;

the lower cushion block is arranged on the confining pressure chamber base, the lower cushion block is matched with the confining pressure chamber base through a step structure, one end, close to the surrounding rock sample, of the lower cushion block extends to the outside of the confining pressure chamber base and is attached to the surrounding rock sample, the lower cushion block is in smooth transition with the surrounding rock sample, a second annular groove is formed between the peripheral side of the lower cushion block and the inner wall of the confining pressure chamber outer barrel and is communicated with the oil cavity, and one end, close to the oil cavity, of the second annular groove is wider than one end, far away from the oil cavity, of the second annular groove;

the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the periphery sides of the upper cushion block, the surrounding rock sample and the lower cushion block;

the upper sealing ring is positioned at one end of the first annular groove, which is far away from the oil cavity, is in interference fit with the first annular groove, and is sleeved on the peripheral side of the sealing sleeve so as to enable the sealing sleeve to be tightly attached to the upper cushion block;

and the lower sealing ring is positioned at one end of the second annular groove, which is far away from the oil cavity, is in interference fit with the second annular groove, and is sleeved on the peripheral side of the sealing sleeve so that the sealing sleeve is tightly attached to the lower cushion block.

The anchor pulling test method provided by the second aspect of the present invention is a method for performing an anchor pulling test by using the anchor pulling test apparatus provided by the first aspect of the present invention, and specifically includes:

injecting oil into the oil cavity through the oil inlet, wherein the oil in the oil cavity generates pressure on the surrounding rock sample, so that the surrounding rock sample transmits the pressure to the anchoring agent, and then the pressure is transmitted to the peripheral side of the anchoring piece through the anchoring agent, so that the surrounding pressure effect of the surrounding rock on the anchoring piece is simulated;

the oil inlet is continuously injected with oil and pressurized, so that the pressure measured by the oil pressure sensor reaches and is maintained in a preset range, the first driving piece drives the pressure sensor to move towards the direction far away from the confining pressure chamber, so that the pressure sensor pushes the connecting piece, and the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor is the drawing force borne by the anchoring piece under the condition that the anchoring piece bears confining pressure.

The anchor drawing test device and method provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:

(1) through setting up the country rock sample, be connected with anchor assembly through the anchoring agent, with the simulation in actual engineering the connection status of anchor assembly and country rock, the connecting piece is connected to the part that stretches out the country rock sample at anchor assembly, move towards the direction of keeping away from the surrounding pressure room through first driving piece drive pressure sensor, so that pressure sensor promotes the connecting piece, thereby produce the effect of drawing to anchor assembly, pressure sensor can measure the thrust that first driving piece produced in real time, can learn anchor assembly in real time and receive the effort of drawing promptly, thereby provide audio-visual foundation for the anchorage performance of final definite anchor assembly.

(2) Through setting up the wall pressure room, form the oil pocket between the inner wall that makes the wall pressure room and the surrounding rock sample, through letting in fluid to the oil pocket, in order to form the rated pressure to the surrounding rock sample, thereby produce the confining pressure to the pole section that anchor assembly is located the surrounding rock sample pore body, make anchor assembly more be close to the state in the actual engineering drawing the testing process, the accuracy and the reliability that anchor assembly drawed the test result have been improved, avoided current testing arrangement when drawing the test to anchor assembly, only to anchor assembly transmission axial load, and do not consider the surrounding rock stress that anchor assembly anchor body periphery received, lead to the problem that the test result is not accurate enough.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchor drawing test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an anchor pull-out test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;

FIG. 4 is a second schematic perspective view of the anchor pull-out testing apparatus provided in the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a confining pressure chamber of the anchor pulling test device provided by the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a confining pressure chamber of the anchor pulling test device provided by the invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6 at B;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial schematic view at C of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper cover of a confining pressure chamber of the anchor pulling test device provided by the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a base of an enclosure chamber of the anchor pull test device provided by the invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a connecting piece of the anchor pulling test device provided by the invention.

1. A confining pressure chamber; 11. an oil chamber; 111. an oil inlet; 112. an oil discharge port; 113. an overflow port of the confining pressure chamber; 12. an oil pressure sensor; 13. an outer cylinder of the confining pressure chamber; 131. a reverse locking ring; 14. an upper cover of the confining chamber; 15. a confining pressure chamber base; 16. a seal ring; 17. an upper cushion block; 171. a first annular groove; 18. a lower cushion block; 181. a second annular groove; 19. a sealing sleeve; 191. an upper seal ring; 192. a lower seal ring; 2. a surrounding rock sample; 21. a porous body; 3. an anchoring member; 31. a connecting member; 311. a nut; 312. a ball pad; 313. an arched tray; 32. an anchoring agent; 4. a pressure sensor; 5. a hollow oil cylinder; 6. a second driving member; 61. a steel wire rope hoist; 62. a wire rope; 63. a fixed pulley; 71. a host mounting base; 72. a confining pressure chamber limiting strip; 73. a driving member mounting plate; 74. a host support column; 75. an oil cylinder mounting plate; 81. a first displacement sensor; 811. a sliding end; 812. a fixed end; 82. a spring-type displacement sensor; 821. an elastic member; 91. an oil tank; 92. an oil charge pump; 93. a booster pump; 931. and an overflow port of the booster pump.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature or in indirect contact with the second feature via intermediate media. Also, a feature "above," "over," and "on" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply mean that the feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A feature "under", "below" and "beneath" a second feature may be directly or obliquely under the second feature or may simply mean that the feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "an aspect embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

The anchor pulling test device and method provided by the invention are described in the following with reference to fig. 1-11. As shown in fig. 1-11, the anchor pulling test device provided by the invention mainly comprises a surrounding pressure chamber 1, a surrounding rock sample 2, an oil pressure sensor 12, a connecting piece 31, a pressure sensor 4 and a first driving piece;

specifically, the inside of the surrounding rock sample 2 is provided with a hole body 21 suitable for the anchor member 3 to penetrate, the hole body 21 is connected with the anchor member 3 through an anchoring agent 32, the surrounding rock sample 2 is arranged inside the surrounding pressure chamber 1, an oil chamber 11 is formed between the peripheral side of the surrounding rock sample 2 and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber 1, the oil chamber 11 is provided with an oil inlet 111 and an oil outlet 112, an oil pressure sensor 12 is used for detecting the oil pressure in the oil chamber 11, the detection end of the oil pressure sensor 12 is arranged in the oil chamber 11, the oil pressure detected by the oil pressure sensor 12 is maintained within a rated range through oil injection pressurization at the oil inlet 111 of the oil chamber 11, the connecting member 31 is suitable for connecting the part of the anchor member 3 extending out of the surrounding rock sample 2, the pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the connecting member 31 and the surrounding pressure chamber 1, and the first driving member drives the pressure sensor 4 to move towards the direction far away from the surrounding pressure chamber 1, so that the pressure sensor 4 pushes the connection member 31.

Understandably, the anchoring member 3 may be a bolt or an anchor cable.

Specifically, the anchoring length of the anchor member 3 inserted into the hole body 21 is variable, and the anchoring length is longest as high as the height of the surrounding rock sample 2.

In the embodiment of the invention, the surrounding rock sample 2 is arranged and connected with the anchoring part 3 through the anchoring agent 32 so as to simulate the connection state of the anchoring part 3 and the surrounding rock in practical engineering, the part of the anchoring part 3 extending out of the surrounding rock sample 2 is connected with the connecting part 31, the pressure sensor 4 is driven by the first driving part to move towards the direction far away from the surrounding pressure chamber 1, so that the pressure sensor 4 pushes the connecting part 31, the pulling action is generated on the anchoring part 3, the pressure sensor 4 can measure the thrust generated by the first driving part in real time, namely the pulling action force borne by the anchoring part 3 can be known in real time, and visual basis is provided for finally determining the anchoring performance of the anchoring part 3, wherein the anchoring performance comprises the performances of limit anchoring force, residual anchoring force and the like.

Through setting up the surrounding pressure room 1, make and form oil pocket 11 between the inner wall of surrounding pressure room 1 and the surrounding rock sample 2, through letting in fluid to oil pocket 11, with the rated pressure to surrounding rock sample 2 of formation, thereby it produces the confining pressure to anchor assembly 3 is located the anchor rod section of hole body 21, make anchor assembly 3 more be close to the state in actual engineering drawing the testing process, anchor assembly 3 has been improved and has been drawn the accuracy of test result, avoided coming most of current testing arrangement when drawing the test to anchor assembly 3, only to anchor assembly 3 transmission axial load, and do not consider the surrounding rock stress that anchor assembly 3 periphery received, lead to the not accurate problem of test result inadequately.

Specifically, referring to fig. 11, the connecting member 31 includes a nut 311, the outer side of the anchor member 3 and the inner ring of the nut 311 are provided with threads that are matched with each other, the nut 311 is in threaded connection with the anchor member 3 by being sleeved on the outer side of the anchor member 3, a ball pad 312 and an arched tray 313 are further provided below the nut 311, the ball pad 312, the arched tray 313 and the driving end of the first driving member are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the length direction of the anchor member, the anchor member 3 is inserted into the ball pad 312 and the arched tray 313, the inner ring of the arched tray 313 is in interference fit with the anchor member 3 through the ball pad 312, the ball pad 312 has a centering effect, so as to prevent the occurrence of an unbalanced load, and in such an arrangement, the first driving member moves in a direction away from the confining pressure chamber 1 by driving the pressure sensor 4, so that the pressure sensor 4 pushes the arched tray 313 to further push the nut 311 to realize a pulling effect on the anchor member 3, the specific structure and connection of the ball pad 312 and the arched tray 313 can be found in the prior art, such as the ball washer and the arched tray of an arch-shaped adjustable-center anchor with the application number "CN 202110477180.2".

More specifically, as shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the present invention further includes a pressure increasing device, the pressure increasing device includes an oil tank 91, an oil-filled pump 92 and a booster pump 93, the oil tank 91 is communicated with the booster pump 93 through an oil-filled pipeline provided with the oil-filled pump 92, the booster pump 93 is communicated with an oil inlet 111, the oil tank 91 serves as an oil source of oil filled in the oil chamber 11 of the booster pump 93 and the surrounding rock chamber 1, the booster pump 93 and the oil chamber 11 are filled with oil through the oil-filled pump 92, then the oil-filled pump 92 is turned off, the booster pump 93 compresses the oil in the oil chamber 11 to compress the oil in the oil chamber 11, the pressure in the oil chamber 11 is increased, the surrounding rock sample 2 is completely immersed in the oil chamber 11, so that the oil hydraulic pressure acts on the surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, at this time, the surrounding pressure is applied to the surrounding rock sample 2, the oil pressure sensor 12 is installed between the booster pump 93 and the oil inlet 111 to obtain the pressure in the surrounding rock chamber 1, the surrounding pressure of the surrounding rock sample 2 is changed by adjusting the oil pressure in the surrounding pressure chamber 1.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first drive member comprises:

the hollow oil cylinder 5 is arranged between the confining pressure chamber 1 and the pressure sensor 4, a piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder 5 is suitable for the anchoring piece 3 to penetrate through, and a piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder 5 is suitable for pushing the pressure sensor 4 to move towards the direction far away from the confining pressure chamber 1.

According to an embodiment provided by the present invention, further comprising:

and the second driving piece 6 is used for driving the hollow oil cylinder 5 to be close to or far away from the confining pressure chamber 1.

In this embodiment, the second driving member 6 drives the hollow cylinder 5 to be far away from the surrounding pressure chamber 1, so that the upper end of the surrounding pressure chamber 1 is exposed to the outside, and thus the anchoring body sample composed of the anchoring member 3, the anchoring agent 32 and the surrounding rock sample 2 can be installed in the surrounding pressure chamber 1, and then the hollow cylinder 5 is driven by the second driving member 6 to be close to and connected with the surrounding pressure chamber 1, so that the hollow cylinder 5 is connected with respect to the surrounding pressure chamber 1.

It should be noted that, under the condition that the hollow oil cylinder 5 and the confining pressure chamber 1 are in a separated state, the confining pressure chamber 1 can be placed or removed, and after the placing of the confining pressure chamber 1 is completed, the hollow oil cylinder 5 can be connected with respect to the confining pressure chamber 1.

a drive member mounting plate 73, the second drive member 6 being connected to the drive member mounting plate 73;

a main machine supporting column 74, one end of the main machine supporting column 74 is connected to the driving member mounting plate 73, and the extending direction of the main machine supporting column 74 is along the length direction of the anchoring member 3;

hydro-cylinder mounting panel 75, hollow hydro-cylinder 5 connect in hydro-cylinder mounting panel 75, hydro-cylinder mounting panel 75 be suitable for anchor assembly 3 with host computer support column 74 runs through.

Specifically, four host supporting columns 74 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the hollow oil cylinder 5, and the main body frame of the test device is built by the four host supporting columns 74.

In this embodiment, under the driving action of the second driving member 6, the cylinder mounting plate 75 can move along the length direction of the main machine supporting column 74, and as can be seen, the main machine supporting column 74 plays a supporting role and simultaneously plays a guiding role in moving the cylinder mounting plate 75, so that the hollow cylinder 5 can stably lift.

As shown in fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the hollow cylinder 5 is located above the plenum 1, and the second driving member 6 includes:

a wire rope hoist 61 connected to the driving member mounting plate 73, the wire rope hoist 61 being wound with a wire rope 62;

the fixed pulley 63 is connected to the driving part mounting plate 73, and one end of the steel wire rope 62 extends out of the steel wire rope hoist 61 and is connected with the oil cylinder mounting plate 75 after passing through the fixed pulley 63;

the steel wire rope hoist 61 is used for driving the cylinder mounting plate 75 to lift by retracting and releasing the steel wire rope 62, and further driving the hollow cylinder 5 to be far away from or close to the confining pressure chamber 1.

In this embodiment, the fixed pulley 63 is used to change the direction of the steel cable 62, one end of the steel cable 62 is connected to the steel cable hoist 61, and the other end of the steel cable 62 is connected to the cylinder mounting plate 75, and the main machine support column 74 is used as a guide rod to lift the cylinder mounting plate 75 through the steel cable hoist 61, so that the hollow cylinder 5 completes the lifting motion.

Specifically, there are two wire ropes 62 and two fixed pulleys 63, the two fixed pulleys 63 are respectively located at the left and right sides of the wire rope hoist 61, and the two fixed pulleys 63 are respectively used for changing the directions of the two wire ropes 62.

As shown in fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:

the other end of the host supporting column 74 is connected to the host mounting base 71;

confining pressure chamber limit strip 72, confining pressure chamber limit strip 72 connect in host installation base 71, confining pressure chamber limit strip 72 is equipped with three, three confining pressure chamber limit strip 72 connects gradually and forms U type structure, U type structure is suitable for the confession confining pressure chamber 1 card is gone into with right confining pressure chamber 1 carries on spacingly.

In this embodiment, three positions of the confining pressure chamber limiting strips 72 are preset, so that after the confining pressure chamber 1 is clamped into the opening of the U-shaped structure, the hole body 21 can be coaxial with the piston rod of the hollow cylinder 5, so that the anchoring member 3 can accurately penetrate through the piston rod of the hollow cylinder 5 when the hollow cylinder 5 is close to the confining pressure chamber 1.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a first displacement sensor 81 and a second displacement sensor;

specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a sliding end 811 of the first displacement sensor 81 is adapted to pass through an anchor member 3 and is located between the pressure sensor 4 and the connecting member 31, the hollow cylinder 5 is connected to one end of the cylinder mounting plate 75 near the confining pressure chamber 1, and a fixed end 812 of the first displacement sensor 81 is connected to the cylinder mounting plate 75;

as shown in fig. 10, the second displacement sensor is a spring-type displacement sensor 82, the spring-type displacement sensor 82 is embedded inside the surrounding pressure chamber 1 and is located at one end of the surrounding pressure chamber 1 far from the pressure sensor 4, and the elastic member 821 of the spring-type displacement sensor 82 is adapted to be connected to one end of the anchoring member 3 close to the spring-type displacement sensor 82.

Specifically, the sliding end 811 of the first displacement sensor 81 may be connected to the top of the piston rod of the hollow cylinder 5 through a connecting rod, and in the first displacement sensor 81, the sliding end 811 slides along the fixed end 812 to obtain the displacement of the sliding end 811, so that the displacement of the piston rod of the hollow cylinder 5 can be obtained, and the extension of the piston rod of the hollow cylinder 5 can be measured.

It should be noted that the specific structure of the first displacement sensor 81 may refer to a grating ruler displacement sensor, and the present embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the first displacement sensor 81 except for the sliding end 811 and the fixed end 812, and in the second displacement sensor, the displacement is obtained by the expansion and contraction amount of the elastic member 821, and the structure is simple.

It should be further noted that, a person skilled in the art may set a relevant upper computer according to specific requirements, and communicatively connect the first displacement sensor 81, the second displacement sensor, the pressure sensor 4, the oil pressure sensor 12, the oil charge pump 92 and the booster pump 93 to the upper computer, control corresponding operations of the respective units through the upper computer, and receive and store data information measured in real time by the pressure sensor 4, the first displacement sensor 81 and the second displacement sensor through the upper computer.

As shown in fig. 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the plenum 1 includes:

an outer cylinder 13 of the confining pressure chamber;

an upper cover 14 of the confining chamber;

a confining pressure chamber base 15, wherein the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 and the confining pressure chamber base 15 are respectively used for sealing the openings at the two ends of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, and the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 is located on one side of the confining pressure chamber base 15 close to the oil pressure sensor 12;

the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 and the confining pressure chamber base 15 are tightly attached to the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 through a sealing ring 16, and the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 is suitable for the anchoring piece 3 to penetrate through.

As shown in fig. 6 to 10, according to an embodiment provided by the present invention, the confining chamber 1 further includes:

the upper cushion block 17 penetrates through the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover 14, the upper cushion block 17 is suitable for an anchoring piece 3 to penetrate through, the upper cushion block 17 is matched with the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover 14 through a step structure, one end, close to the surrounding rock sample 2, of the upper cushion block 17 extends to the outside of the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover 14 and is attached to the surrounding rock sample 2, the upper cushion block 17 is in smooth transition with the surrounding rock sample 2, a first annular groove 171 is formed between the peripheral side of the upper cushion block 17 and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, the first annular groove 171 is communicated with the oil chamber 11, and one end, close to the oil chamber 11, of the first annular groove 171 is wider than one end, far away from the oil chamber 11;

the lower cushion block 18 is arranged on the surrounding pressure chamber base 15, the lower cushion block 18 is matched with the surrounding pressure chamber base 15 through a step structure, one end, close to the surrounding rock sample 2, of the lower cushion block 18 extends to the outside of the surrounding pressure chamber base 15 and is attached to the surrounding rock sample 2, the lower cushion block 18 is in smooth transition with the surrounding rock sample 2, a second annular groove 181 is formed between the peripheral side of the lower cushion block 18 and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, the second annular groove 181 is communicated with the oil chamber 11, and one end, close to the oil chamber 11, of the second annular groove 181 is wider than one end, far away from the oil chamber 11;

the sealing sleeve 19 is sleeved on the periphery sides of the upper cushion block 17, the surrounding rock sample 2 and the lower cushion block 18;

an upper seal ring 191, which is located at one end of the first annular groove 171 far away from the oil chamber 11, is in interference fit with the first annular groove 171, and is sleeved on the peripheral side of the seal sleeve 19 to enable the seal sleeve 19 to be tightly attached to the upper cushion block 17;

and a lower sealing ring 192 which is located at one end of the second annular groove 181 far away from the oil chamber 11, is in interference fit with the second annular groove 181, and is sleeved on the peripheral side of the sealing sleeve 19 to enable the sealing sleeve 19 to be tightly attached to the lower cushion block 18.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the confining pressure chamber base 15 includes a cylinder with a boss at the upper end, the outer edge of the confining pressure chamber base 15 is connected with the bottom of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 through a bolt, a circular groove is formed in the middle of the boss of the confining pressure chamber base 15, a circular hole suitable for the spring type displacement sensor 82 to penetrate through is formed in the center of the circular groove, the confining pressure chamber base 15 is a carrier of an anchor body sample composed of an anchor member 3, an anchor agent 32 and a surrounding rock sample 2, the surrounding rock sample 2 is placed on the confining pressure chamber base 15 through a lower cushion block 18, the lower cushion block 18 includes a cylinder with a boss at the lower end, a circular hole suitable for the spring type displacement sensor 82 to penetrate through is also formed in the center, the surrounding rock sample 2 is in close contact with the upper surface of the lower cushion block 18, the boss of the lower cushion block 18 can just fall into the circular groove of the confining pressure chamber base 15, the spring type displacement sensor 82 sequentially penetrates through the circular hole of the lower cushion block 18 and the circular hole of the confining pressure chamber base 15 from top to bottom, specifically, the top end of the elastic member 821 of the spring type displacement sensor 82 is further provided with an ejector pin, the ejector pin is connected with the bottom end of the anchoring member 3, and meanwhile, the surface and the side surface of the boss of the confining pressure chamber base 15 and the upper surface of the cylinder of the confining pressure chamber base 15 are respectively provided with a sealing ring 16, so that oil leakage at the contact position of the confining pressure chamber base 15 and the lower cushion block 18 and the contact position of the confining pressure chamber base 15 and the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 is prevented.

The upper cushion block 17 comprises a cylinder, two bosses are sequentially arranged on the top of the cylinder from top to bottom, the diameter of the boss above is smaller than that of the boss below, the upper cover 14 of the confining chamber comprises a cylinder with a boss at the lower end, a circular groove is arranged inside the boss of the upper cover 14 of the confining chamber, the inner edge of the circular groove is suitable for being matched with the outer edge of the boss below the upper cushion block 17, a circular hole suitable for the boss above the upper cushion block 17 to penetrate through is arranged in the middle of the circular groove, a circular hole suitable for the anchoring piece 3 to penetrate through is arranged in the center of the upper cushion block 17, sealing rings 16 are arranged on the top of the cylinder of the upper cushion block 17, the inner side of the circular groove of the upper cover 14 of the confining chamber and the outer side of the boss of the upper cover 14 of the confining chamber, and contact surfaces of the upper cover 14 and the upper cushion block 17 are prevented from high-pressure oil, the contact surface of the upper cover 14 of the confining pressure chamber and the outer cylinder 13 of the confining pressure chamber 1 leaks, and the top plane of the surrounding rock sample 2 is in close contact with the bottom surface of the upper cushion block 17. Because the device can apply confining pressure to the anchoring body, the confining pressure is realized by pressing oil into a confining pressure chamber 1 through a booster pump 93 and compressing oil, the high-pressure oil acts on the surface of a surrounding rock sample 2, is transmitted into the surrounding rock and then is transmitted into an anchoring agent 32 and finally acts on an anchoring part 3, and because holes or cracks exist on the surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, if the high-pressure oil directly contacts the surrounding rock sample 2, the high-pressure oil enters the holes to easily fracture the surrounding rock sample 2, so that the anchoring failure is caused, a sealing sleeve needs to be sleeved on the surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, the sealing sleeve can enable the anchoring body sample to uniformly bear pressure, is cylindrical and has certain elasticity, is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, and can ensure that no bubbles or gaps exist on the contact surface.

In addition, in order to avoid liquid leakage at the contact position of the surrounding rock sample 2 with the upper cushion block 17 and the lower cushion block 18, the side surface of the upper cushion block 17 and the side surface of the lower cushion block 18 are in smooth transition with the side surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, specifically, a circular truncated cone is arranged at the lower end of the upper cushion block 17, the side surface of the circular truncated cone of the upper cushion block 17 is in smooth transition with the side surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, namely, the diameter of the lower end surface of the circular truncated cone of the upper cushion block 17 is the same as that of the upper end surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, a first annular groove 171 is formed between the circular truncated cone of the upper cushion block 17 and the surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, a circular truncated cone is arranged at the upper end of the lower cushion block 18, the side surface of the circular truncated cone of the lower cushion block 18 is in smooth transition with the side surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, namely, the diameter of the upper end surface of the circular truncated cone of the lower cushion block 18 is the same as that of the lower end surface of the surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, a second annular groove 181 is formed, and the circular truncated cone of the upper cushion block 17 is designed as a circular truncated cone with a large upper portion and a small portion, the circular truncated cone of the lower cushion block 18 is designed into a circular truncated cone with a large lower part and a small upper part, the circular truncated cone of the upper cushion block 17 is sleeved with the upper sealing ring 191 and is far away from the end side face of the surrounding rock sample 2, the circular truncated cone of the lower cushion block 18 is sleeved with the lower sealing ring 192 and is far away from the end side face of the surrounding rock sample 2, more specifically, the inner sides of the upper sealing ring 191 and the lower sealing ring 192 are oblique conical surfaces with the same angle as that of the circular truncated cone, and the two ends of the sealing sleeve can be respectively pressed against the upper cushion block 17 and the lower cushion block 18, so that a good sealing effect is achieved.

The anchor member 3 pull-out test method provided by the second aspect of the present invention is a method for performing an anchor member pull-out test by using the anchor member pull-out test apparatus provided by the first aspect of the present invention, and specifically includes:

oil is injected into the oil cavity 11 through the oil inlet 111, the oil in the oil cavity 11 generates pressure on the surrounding rock sample 2, and then the surrounding rock sample 2 transmits the pressure to the peripheral side of the anchoring piece 3, so that the surrounding pressure effect of the surrounding rock on the anchoring piece 3 is simulated;

the oil inlet 111 is continuously injected with oil and pressurized to enable the pressure measured by the oil pressure sensor 12 to reach a preset value, the first driving piece drives the pressure sensor 4 to move towards the direction away from the confining pressure chamber 1, so that the pressure sensor 4 pushes the connecting piece 31, and the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 4 is the drawing force borne by the anchoring piece 3 under the condition that the anchoring piece 3 bears confining pressure.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the anchor member 3 pull test method further includes:

fixing the anchoring piece 3 on the surrounding rock sample 2 through an anchoring agent 32 to prepare and form an anchoring body sample;

sleeving a sealing sleeve 19 on the surface of the prepared anchor body sample, enabling the sealing sleeve 19 to be in close contact with the surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, ensuring that no air bubbles or gaps exist on a contact surface, simultaneously respectively attaching the bottom end of an upper cushion block 17 and the top end of a lower cushion block 18 to the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the surrounding rock sample 2, enabling the sealing sleeve 19 to be in close contact with the surfaces of the upper cushion block 17 and the lower cushion block 18, and respectively sleeving an upper sealing ring 191 and a lower sealing ring 192 at two ends of the sealing sleeve 19;

the sealed anchor body sample is placed on the confining pressure chamber base 15, the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 is vertically transferred to the confining pressure chamber base 15 from the top of the anchor body sample, the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, the anchor body sample and the confining pressure chamber base 15 are concentric and coaxial when the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 is transferred, the sealing sleeve 19 is prevented from being rubbed by the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, when the bottom of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 descends to the confining pressure chamber base 15, the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder slowly and vertically falls, the sealing ring 16 arranged on the confining pressure chamber base 15 is prevented from being damaged, and the sealing effect is influenced.

After the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 falls on the confining pressure chamber base 15, the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 is tightly connected with the confining pressure chamber base 15 through bolts, then the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 is placed on the upper portion of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13, the bottom of the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 tightly presses the upper cushion block 17, the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 is connected with the top of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 through bolts, the reverse locking ring 131 arranged on the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder 13 is tightly fastened to enable the reverse locking ring to be tightly pressed with the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14, and the problem that the confining pressure chamber upper cover 14 is loosened due to overlarge oil pressure of the oil chamber 11 or over-violent descending of the hollow oil cylinder 5 is solved.

The confining pressure chamber 1 is placed on the host installation base 71, the lower part of the confining pressure chamber 1 is just clamped into an opening of a U-shaped structure formed by three confining pressure chamber limiting strips 72, and the anchoring piece 3 is coaxial with a hollow hole of a piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder 5 at the moment.

And (3) starting the steel wire hoisting machine to enable the hollow oil cylinder 5 to descend, enabling the anchoring piece 3 to penetrate through the hollow oil cylinder 5, and closing the steel wire hoisting machine after the bottom of the hollow oil cylinder 5 is tightly contacted with the upper cover 14 of the confining pressure chamber.

And a connecting piece 31, a self-aligning ball pad and a nut are arranged at the top of the anchoring piece 3, and certain pretightening force is applied.

The booster pump 93 is communicated with the oil inlet 111 through a pipeline, the booster pump overflow port 931 and the confining pressure chamber overflow port 113 are opened, the oil charge pump 92 is opened, the booster pump 93 and the oil chamber 11 are charged with oil, after the booster pump 93 and the oil chamber 11 are fully charged with oil, the switch of the oil charge pump 92 is closed, then the booster pump overflow port 931 and the confining pressure chamber overflow port 113 are closed, so that the anchor body sample is soaked in the oil, wherein the specific structure and the control mode of the overflow port can refer to the prior art.

Setting the confining pressure required by the test, pressing the oil in the confining pressure chamber 1 into the oil cavity 11 of the confining pressure chamber 1 by adjusting the booster pump 93, increasing the oil pressure of the oil cavity 11, namely increasing the confining pressure born by the anchoring body sample to reach the confining pressure value set by the test, and finally performing pressure maintaining operation to keep the confining pressure stable at the set value.

After the pressure maintaining is finished, the hollow oil cylinder 5 is opened to pull the anchoring part 3 under the confining pressure effect, the test is stopped after the pulling force of the oil cylinder is reduced, namely the anchoring body fails, experimental data are obtained through the first displacement sensor 81, the second displacement sensor and the pressure sensor 4, wherein the difference between the measured values of the first displacement sensor 81 and the second displacement sensor can reflect the real deformation of the anchoring part 3, the anchoring force of the anchoring part 3 can be obtained according to the measured value of the pressure sensor 4, and the anchoring performance of the anchoring part 3 can be analyzed according to the experimental data.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor pull-out test device, comprising:

a confining pressure chamber (1);

the surrounding rock test sample (2) is arranged inside the surrounding pressure chamber (1), a hole body (21) suitable for the anchoring piece (3) to penetrate through is arranged inside the surrounding rock test sample (2), the hole body (21) is connected with the anchoring piece (3) through an anchoring agent (32), an oil cavity (11) is formed between the peripheral side of the surrounding rock test sample (2) and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber (1), and the oil cavity (11) is provided with an oil inlet (111) and an oil outlet (112);

an oil pressure sensor (12) for detecting the oil pressure in the oil chamber (11), and the oil pressure detected by the oil pressure sensor (12) is maintained within a rated range by injecting oil into the oil inlet (111) and pressurizing;

a connector (31), wherein the connector (31) is suitable for connecting the part of the anchoring piece (3) extending out of the surrounding rock sample (2);

a pressure sensor (4), said pressure sensor (4) being located between said connection (31) and said confining pressure chamber (1);

a first driving member which moves in a direction away from the confining pressure chamber (1) by driving the pressure sensor (4) so that the pressure sensor (4) pushes the connecting member (31).

2. The anchor pull test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first drive comprises:

the hollow oil cylinder (5), the hollow oil cylinder (5) set up in confining pressure room (1) with between pressure sensor (4), the piston rod of hollow oil cylinder (5) is suitable for anchor assembly (3) to run through, the piston rod of hollow oil cylinder (5) is suitable for the promotion pressure sensor (4) are towards keeping away from the direction of confining pressure room (1) removes.

3. The anchor pull test apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:

the second driving piece (6) is used for driving the hollow oil cylinder (5) to be close to or far away from the confining pressure chamber (1).

4. The anchor pull test apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:

a drive member mounting plate (73) connected to the second drive member (6);

a main machine supporting column (74), one end of which is connected to the driving piece mounting plate (73), wherein the extending direction of the main machine supporting column (74) is along the length direction of the anchoring piece (3);

hydro-cylinder mounting panel (75), hollow hydro-cylinder (5) connect in hydro-cylinder mounting panel (75), hydro-cylinder mounting panel (75) be suitable for anchor assembly (3) with host computer support column (74) run through.

5. Anchor pull test device according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow cylinder (5) is located above the plenum (1), the second drive (6) comprising:

a wire rope hoist (61) connected to the drive member mounting plate (73), the wire rope hoist (61) being wound with a wire rope (62);

the fixed pulley (63) is connected to the driving piece mounting plate (73), and one end of the steel wire rope (62) extends out of the steel wire rope hoister (61) and is connected with the oil cylinder mounting plate (75) after passing through the fixed pulley (63);

the steel wire rope hoist (61) is used for driving the oil cylinder mounting plate (75) to lift by retracting and releasing the steel wire rope (62), and then the hollow oil cylinder (5) is driven to be far away from or close to the confining pressure chamber (1).

6. The anchor pull test apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:

a host mounting base (71), the other end of the host support column (74) being connected to the host mounting base (71);

confined pressure room spacing (72), confined pressure room spacing (72) connect in host installation base (71), confined pressure room spacing (72) are equipped with three, three confined pressure room spacing (72) connect gradually and form U type structure, U type structure is suitable for the confession confined pressure room (1) card is gone into in order to right confined pressure room (1) is carried on spacingly.

7. The anchor pull test apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:

a first displacement sensor (81), wherein a sliding end (811) of the first displacement sensor (81) is suitable for an anchoring part (3) to penetrate through, the sliding end (811) is connected to a piston rod of the hollow oil cylinder (5), the hollow oil cylinder (5) is connected to one end, close to the confining pressure chamber (1), of the oil cylinder mounting plate (75), and a fixed end (812) of the first displacement sensor (81) is connected to the oil cylinder mounting plate (75);

the second displacement sensor is a spring type displacement sensor (82), the spring type displacement sensor (82) is embedded in the confining pressure chamber (1) and is located at one end, far away from the pressure sensor (4), of the confining pressure chamber (1), and an elastic piece (821) of the spring type displacement sensor (82) is suitable for being connected with one end, close to the spring type displacement sensor (82), of the anchoring piece (3).

8. Anchor pull test device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the confining pressure chamber (1) comprises:

a surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder (13);

an upper cover (14) of the confining chamber;

a confining pressure chamber base (15), wherein the confining pressure chamber upper cover (14) and the confining pressure chamber base (15) are respectively used for sealing openings at two ends of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder (13), and the confining pressure chamber upper cover (14) is positioned on one side, close to the oil pressure sensor (12), of the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder (13);

the confining pressure chamber upper cover (14) and the confining pressure chamber base (15) are tightly attached to the confining pressure chamber outer cylinder (13) through a sealing ring (16), and the confining pressure chamber upper cover (14) is suitable for the anchoring piece (3) to penetrate through.

9. The anchor pull test device according to claim 8, characterized in that the plenum (1) further comprises:

the upper cushion block (17) penetrates through the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover (14), the upper cushion block (17) is suitable for an anchoring piece (3) to penetrate through, the upper cushion block (17) is matched with the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover (14) through a step structure, one end, close to the surrounding rock sample (2), of the upper cushion block (17) extends to the outside of the surrounding pressure chamber upper cover (14) and is attached to the surrounding rock sample (2), the upper cushion block (17) and the surrounding rock sample (2) are in smooth transition, a first annular groove (171) is formed between the peripheral side of the upper cushion block (17) and the inner wall of the surrounding pressure chamber outer cylinder (13), the first annular groove (171) is communicated with the oil chamber (11), and one end, close to the oil chamber (11), of the first annular groove (171) is wider than one end far away from the oil chamber (11);

the lower cushion block (18) is arranged on the confining pressure chamber base (15), the lower cushion block (18) is matched with the confining pressure chamber base (15) through a step structure, one end, close to the surrounding rock sample (2), of the lower cushion block (18) extends to the outside of the confining pressure chamber base (15) and is attached to the surrounding rock sample (2), the lower cushion block (18) and the surrounding rock sample (2) are in smooth transition, a second annular groove (181) is formed between the peripheral side of the lower cushion block (18) and the inner wall of the confining pressure chamber outer barrel (13), the second annular groove (181) is communicated with the oil chamber (11), and one end, close to the oil chamber (11), of the second annular groove (181) is wider than one end, far away from the oil chamber (11);

the sealing sleeve (19) is sleeved on the periphery sides of the upper cushion block (17), the surrounding rock sample (2) and the lower cushion block (18);

the upper sealing ring (191) is positioned at one end, far away from the oil cavity (11), of the first annular groove (171), is in interference fit with the first annular groove (171), and is sleeved on the peripheral side of the sealing sleeve (19) to enable the sealing sleeve (19) to be tightly attached to the upper cushion block (17);

and the lower sealing ring (192) is positioned at one end, far away from the oil cavity (11), of the second annular groove (181), is in interference fit with the second annular groove (181), and is sleeved on the peripheral side of the sealing sleeve (19) so that the sealing sleeve (19) is tightly attached to the lower cushion block (18).

10. A method of performing an anchor pull test using the apparatus of claims 1-9, comprising:

oil liquid is injected into the oil cavity (11) through the oil inlet (111), the oil liquid in the oil cavity (11) generates pressure on the surrounding rock sample (2), the surrounding rock sample (2) transmits the pressure to the anchoring agent (32), and then the pressure is transmitted to the peripheral side of the anchoring piece (3) through the anchoring agent (32), so that the surrounding pressure effect of the surrounding rock on the anchoring piece (3) is simulated;

the oil inlet (111) is continuously filled with oil and pressurized, so that the pressure measured by the oil pressure sensor (12) reaches and is maintained in a preset range, the first driving piece drives the pressure sensor (4) to move towards the direction away from the confining pressure chamber (1), so that the pressure sensor (4) pushes the connecting piece (31), and the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor (4) is the drawing force borne by the anchoring piece (3) under the condition that the anchoring piece (3) bears confining pressure.