CN114485911B - Device and method for measuring acoustic attenuation coefficient in acoustic waveguide tube based on sub-wavelength scale - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring acoustic attenuation coefficient in acoustic waveguide tube based on sub-wavelength scale Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
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Abstract
The application discloses a device and a method for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on a sub-wavelength scale, wherein the measuring device comprises the following components: a water tank for loading a liquid; a waveguide tube positioned in the water tank; having an input and a plurality of outputs; the input end is provided with a solid-liquid coupler; the output ends are sequentially arranged along a straight line; an ultrasonic transducer positioned in the water tank and close to the solid-liquid coupler; the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned in the output end of the waveguide tube; and the signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer. The application has the technical effects that the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic signal propagating in the waveguide tube can be measured, and the measurement accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of ultrasound, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on a sub-wavelength scale.
Background
When an ultrasonic wave propagates in a medium, the energy of the ultrasonic wave gradually decreases with the distance of the propagation distance, and the degree of attenuation is related to factors such as diffusion, scattering and absorption of the ultrasonic wave. In order to minimize the energy loss of ultrasonic transmission, research on guided waves in waveguides is slowly gaining importance. According to acoustic waveguide theory, when the inner diameter of the waveguide is smaller than the wavelength, at this sub-wavelength scale, a one-dimensional planar longitudinal wave will propagate in the tube. At this time, the ultrasonic wave does not touch the interface in the tube, and the reflected refraction does not occur, and the ultrasonic wave directly passes through the tube, and finally the energy loss of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the waveguide tube is very low. Therefore, accurate measurement of the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide tube under the sub-wavelength scale is important to the application of the future waveguide tube nondestructive transmission field, and therefore, the device and the method for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale are necessary to be provided.
In fact, attenuation is a physical quantity which is difficult to measure, and a method for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient is to measure the complex wave number by a four-sensing method, wherein the complex wave number is a very important parameter in acoustics and comprises the acoustic attenuation coefficient of a material. The four-sensor method is characterized in that a section of transmission tube is added on the basis of the traditional standing wave tube measurement method, two sensors are respectively arranged on the sound tube to measure reflected waves and transmitted waves, and sound absorption ends are adopted, so that sound pressure on the front surface and the rear surface of a measured sample can be conveniently represented by incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves, the imaginary part of a complex wave number of a material measured by the method represents the sound attenuation coefficient, but on one hand, the method has large dispersion of the measured sound attenuation coefficient due to the fact that the relative error of the low-frequency phase position reading is large, and on the other hand, the sound absorption ends have poor sound absorption performance at low frequency to generate secondary reflection and transmission.
Another method for effectively measuring the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in the medium is a photoacoustic method, the method adopts high-energy laser pulse to excite the surface wave, a sampling signal is obtained every 0.5mm through a transducer, and the medium acoustic attenuation coefficient is finally obtained through filtering, FFT and other processing on the signal. However, this method is limited by the sampling frequency and the filter window width, and thus the acoustic attenuation coefficient cannot be obtained accurately. The method always causes larger calculation errors or experimental errors from the angles of adding the sensor and calculating the frequency spectrum of the surface wave signals, and is influenced by low frequency, so that the sound attenuation coefficient in the sound wave guide tube cannot be accurately measured from the sub-wavelength scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a novel technical scheme of an acoustic attenuation coefficient measuring device in an acoustic waveguide tube based on a sub-wavelength scale.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a device for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide based on a sub-wavelength scale, comprising:
a water tank for loading a liquid;
an acoustic waveguide positioned within the water tank; having an input and a plurality of outputs; the input end is provided with a solid-liquid coupler; the output ends are sequentially arranged along a straight line;
an ultrasonic transducer positioned in the water tank and close to the solid-liquid coupler;
the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned in the output end of the acoustic waveguide tube;
and the signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer.
Optionally, the ultrasonic transducer and the signal generator are connected through a power amplifier.
Optionally, the device further comprises an oscilloscope, wherein the oscilloscope is respectively connected with the signal generator and the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone.
Optionally, a fixing assembly is further included, the fixing assembly being configured to fix the acoustic waveguide, the ultrasonic transducer, respectively, such that the solid-liquid coupler and the ultrasonic transducer are not in direct contact.
Optionally, the solid-liquid coupler has a horn structure, and a wide-mouth horn end of the solid-liquid coupler faces the ultrasonic transducer.
Optionally, the acoustic waveguide has an inner diameter of less than 75mm.
Optionally, the acoustic waveguide has seven outputs.
Optionally, the distance between adjacent output ends on the acoustic waveguide is 50cm.
According to another aspect of the present application, the present application also provides a method for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide of the measuring apparatus, including the steps of:
transmitting a pulse signal to the ultrasonic transducer by the signal generator;
the ultrasonic transducer converts the pulse signals into ultrasonic signals and transmits the ultrasonic signals into the acoustic waveguide tube through the solid-liquid coupler;
receiving ultrasonic signals propagated in the acoustic waveguide tube through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone at the output end of the acoustic waveguide tube in sequence, and recording the relation between the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals and the propagation time;
and calculating the pulse signals and the ultrasonic signals received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone to obtain an acoustic attenuation curve of the ultrasonic signals based on propagation in the acoustic waveguide tube with a sub-wavelength scale, and fitting to obtain the magnitude of the acoustic attenuation coefficient.
Optionally, the positions of the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophones on the plurality of output ends are equidistant from the body of the acoustic waveguide.
The application has the technical effects that the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic signal propagating in the acoustic waveguide tube can be measured, and the measurement accuracy is high.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship according to some embodiments of the application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of method steps of some embodiments of the application;
in the figure: the ultrasonic wave transducer comprises an ultrasonic transducer 1, a high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, a 3-acoustic waveguide tube, a 31 input end, a 32 output end, a 4-water tank, a 5-solid-liquid coupler, a 6-fixed component, a 7-signal generator, an 8-power amplifier, an 81-impedance matcher and a 9 oscilloscope.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, by which the implementation process of how the present application can be applied to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The application provides a device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide 3 based on sub-wavelength scale, which in some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, comprises an ultrasonic transducer 1, a high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, an acoustic waveguide 3, a water tank 4 and a signal generator 7.
The tank 4 serves as a container for holding a liquid, typically water.
The acoustic waveguide 3 is located in the water tank 4. The acoustic waveguide 3 has an input end 31 and a plurality of output ends 32, and the plurality of output ends 32 are sequentially arranged along a straight line; the input end 31 is provided with a solid-liquid coupler 5. In some embodiments, the acoustic waveguide 3 has one input end 31 and 7 output ends 32, with the spacing between adjacent output ends 32 being 50cm; the distance is about 50cm, the distance is moderate, and the interference exists in the received signals between the two output ends with the too small distance; the attenuation distance of sound waves with too large a pitch is not long enough. In some embodiments, the solid-liquid coupler 5 is a simple horn structure, and utilizes fresnel diffraction principles to introduce acoustic waves into the acoustic waveguide and measure its speed of sound.
The ultrasonic transducer 1 is positioned in the water tank 4 and is arranged close to the solid-liquid coupler 5, and when the ultrasonic transducer 1 emits ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic signals can be coupled and conducted into the acoustic waveguide tube 3 by the solid-liquid coupler 5.
The high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is positioned on the acoustic waveguide 3 in the output end 32 near the input end 31 for capturing the ultrasonic signals in the output end 32.
The signal generator 7 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 1, and when the signal generator 7 emits a pulse signal, the pulse signal can be converted into an ultrasonic signal by the ultrasonic transducer 1.
In use, the present device is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2:
s1, generating burst pulse signals to the ultrasonic transducer 1 through the signal generator 7;
s2, the ultrasonic transducer 1 converts the pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal, namely an electric signal into an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal is transmitted into an input end 31 of the acoustic waveguide tube 3 through the solid-liquid coupler 5; the sound wave first propagates along the input 31 to the first output 32, where the distance from the input 31 to the first output 32 is recorded as L1; recording the change of the amplitude of a signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 along with the propagation time, wherein the measured amplitude is recorded as A1;
then the amplitude of the same sound wave measured by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is transmitted to the second output end 32 and is marked as A2, and the distance from the input end 31 to the second output end 32 is marked as L2; and similarly, recording the signal amplitudes of all other output ends as A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7 and the distances from the input end to each other output end as L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 respectively; then converting the amplitude into sound pressure and marking the sound pressure as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 respectively; the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A1-A7 are magnitudes of signals measured by the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 at each output port of the acoustic waveguide tube, and the units are V. The cable end on-load sensitivity of the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is shown, and different frequencies correspond to different sensitivity sizes, wherein the units are volt per pascal. P1-P7 are the sound pressure values of the sound waves obtained through calculation at different output ports of the sound wave guide tube, and the unit is Pascal.
S4, carrying out calculation processing according to the pulse signals to obtain the amplitude values of different output ends of the ultrasonic signals transmitted in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale, wherein each output port corresponds to different transmission distances L1-L7, converting the amplitude values of each output port into corresponding sound pressure, and carrying out fitting processing on the relation between the sound pressure of sound waves of different output ports and the transmission distances (L1-L7) to obtain a sound pressure-transmission distance curve, wherein the curvature of the curve is the size of an acoustic attenuation coefficient.
The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale can measure the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic signal propagating in the acoustic waveguide tube, and has high measurement accuracy.
The ultrasonic transducer can be made of piezoelectric ceramic plates. The high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone can be of the type RESON TC 4035. The model of the signal generator may be DG800. The oscilloscope model may be DSOX6004A. The power amplifier may be 2200L in model.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, further comprising a power amplifier 8, said ultrasound transducer 1 and said signal generator 7 are connected through said power amplifier 8. Further, the ultrasonic transducer comprises an impedance matcher 81, and the signal generator 7, the power amplifier 8 and the impedance matcher 81 are sequentially connected with the ultrasonic transducer 1; the driving signal (pulse signal) is power-amplified by a power amplifier, and the driving amplitude is controlled to a set value. The driving signal effectively applies driving power to the ultrasonic transducer 1 through the impedance matching network, so that reverse power is reduced, and system power loss and system heating and damage caused by the reverse power are reduced.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, an oscilloscope 9 is further included, the oscilloscope 9 being connected to the signal generator 7 and the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, respectively. The high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 receives the signal and transmits the signal to the oscilloscope 9, and the oscilloscope 9 displays the change of the amplitude of the signal along with the propagation time.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, a fixing assembly 6 is further included, and the fixing assembly 6 fixes the acoustic waveguide 3, the ultrasonic transducer 1 (fixing position is not shown) respectively, so that the solid-liquid coupler 5 and the ultrasonic transducer 1 are not in direct contact.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the solid-liquid coupler 5 has a horn-shaped structure, and a wide-mouth horn end faces the ultrasonic transducer 1. The acoustic contact angle between the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the solid-liquid coupler 5 is increased, the contact angle between the liquid and the coupler is reduced, and the acoustic wave can be transmitted more effectively.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the output ports 32 of the acoustic waveguide 3 are spaced 50cm apart, reducing errors due to the too close distance between the output ports 32. In order to meet the sub-wavelength scale, the device is only suitable for small-caliber acoustic waveguides with the inner diameter smaller than the wavelength, and meanwhile, the frequency is more than 20kHz, and the calculated inner diameter of the acoustic waveguide is required to be smaller than 75mm.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide according to the above measuring apparatus, referring to fig. 1 and 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, generating burst pulse signals to the ultrasonic transducer 1 through the signal generator 7;
s2, the ultrasonic transducer 1 converts the pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal, namely an electric signal into an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal is transmitted into an input end 31 of the acoustic waveguide tube 3 through the solid-liquid coupler 5; the sound wave first propagates along the input 31 to the first output 32, where the distance from the input 31 to the first output 32 is recorded as L1; recording the change of the amplitude of a signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 along with the propagation time, wherein the measured amplitude is recorded as A1;
then the amplitude of the same sound wave measured by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is transmitted to the second output end 32 and is marked as A2, and the distance from the input end 31 to the second output end 32 is marked as L2; and similarly, recording the signal amplitudes of all other output ends as A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7 and the distances from the input end to each other output end as L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 respectively; then converting the amplitude into sound pressure and marking the sound pressure as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 respectively; the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A1-A7 are magnitudes of signals measured by the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 at each output port of the acoustic waveguide tube, and the units are V. The cable end on-load sensitivity of the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is shown, and different frequencies correspond to different sensitivity sizes, wherein the units are volt per pascal. P1-P7 are the sound pressure values of the sound waves obtained through calculation at different output ports of the sound wave guide tube, and the unit is Pascal.
S4, carrying out calculation processing according to the pulse signals to obtain the amplitude values of different output ends of the ultrasonic signals transmitted in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale, wherein each output port corresponds to different transmission distances L1-L7, converting the amplitude values of each output port into corresponding sound pressure, and carrying out fitting processing on the relation between the sound pressure of sound waves of different output ports and the transmission distances (L1-L7) to obtain a sound pressure-transmission distance curve, wherein the curvature of the curve is the size of an acoustic attenuation coefficient.
Receiving an ultrasonic signal propagated in the acoustic waveguide 3 through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, and recording the relation between the amplitude and the propagation time of the ultrasonic signal;
and calculating the pulse signals and the ultrasonic signals received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 to obtain an acoustic attenuation curve of the ultrasonic signals based on propagation in the acoustic waveguide tube 3 with a sub-wavelength scale, and fitting to obtain the magnitude of an acoustic attenuation coefficient.
The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale can measure the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic signal propagating in the acoustic waveguide tube, and has high measurement accuracy.
Certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components or methods. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that different regions may be referred to by different terms as a single component. The description and claims do not take the difference in name as a way of distinguishing components. As used throughout the specification and claims, the word "comprise" is an open-ended term, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. By "substantially" is meant that within an acceptable error range, a person skilled in the art is able to solve the technical problem within a certain error range, substantially achieving the technical effect. The description hereinafter sets forth a preferred embodiment for practicing the application, but is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as the description is given for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system comprising such elements.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of the application, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the spirit of the application described herein, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or skill of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An acoustic attenuation coefficient measuring device in an acoustic waveguide tube based on a sub-wavelength scale is characterized by comprising:
a water tank for loading a liquid;
an acoustic waveguide positioned within the water tank; having an input and a plurality of outputs; the input end is provided with a solid-liquid coupler; the output ends are sequentially arranged along a straight line;
an ultrasonic transducer positioned in the water tank and close to the solid-liquid coupler;
the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned in the output end of the acoustic waveguide tube;
the signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer;
the sub-wavelength scale means that the inner diameter of the acoustic waveguide tube is smaller than the wavelength of the sound wave, and the sound wave propagates a one-dimensional plane longitudinal wave in the acoustic waveguide tube;
transmitting a pulse signal to the ultrasonic transducer by the signal generator;
the ultrasonic transducer converts the pulse signals into ultrasonic signals and transmits the ultrasonic signals into the acoustic waveguide tube through the solid-liquid coupler; and receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted in the acoustic waveguide tube through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone at the output end of the acoustic waveguide tube in sequence, recording the amplitude and the signal of the ultrasonic signals at each output end, converting the amplitude and the signal at each output end and different transmission distances corresponding to each output end into corresponding sound pressures of each output end, and carrying out fitting processing on the relation between the sound pressures of each output end and the transmission distances to obtain a sound pressure-transmission distance curve, wherein the curvature of the curve is the sound attenuation coefficient.
2. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale according to claim 1, further comprising a power amplifier through which the ultrasonic transducer and the signal generator are connected.
3. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale according to claim 1, further comprising an oscilloscope, wherein the oscilloscope is respectively connected with the signal generator and the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone.
4. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing assembly configured to fix the acoustic waveguide tube, the ultrasonic transducer, respectively, such that the solid-liquid coupler and the ultrasonic transducer are not in direct contact.
5. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide tube based on the subwavelength scale according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid coupler is of a horn-shaped structure, and a wide-mouth horn end of the solid-liquid coupler faces the ultrasonic transducer.
6. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale according to claim 1, wherein the internal diameter of the acoustic waveguide tube is less than 75mm.
7. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic waveguide tube has seven output ends.
8. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube based on the subwavelength scale according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent output ends on the acoustic waveguide tube is 50cm.
9. A method for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide tube of a measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
transmitting a pulse signal to the ultrasonic transducer by the signal generator;
the ultrasonic transducer converts the pulse signals into ultrasonic signals and transmits the ultrasonic signals into the acoustic waveguide tube through the solid-liquid coupler;
and receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted in the acoustic waveguide tube through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone at the output end of the acoustic waveguide tube in sequence, recording the amplitude and the signal of the ultrasonic signals at each output end, converting the amplitude and the signal at each output end and different transmission distances corresponding to each output end into corresponding sound pressures of each output end, and carrying out fitting processing on the relation between the sound pressures of each output end and the transmission distances to obtain a sound pressure-transmission distance curve, wherein the curvature of the curve is the sound attenuation coefficient.
10. The method for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide of a measuring apparatus according to claim 9, wherein positions of said high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophones on a plurality of said output ends are equal in distance from a main body of said acoustic waveguide.
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