CN114483206A - Floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and assembling structure and method of outer ring and casing - Google Patents
Floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and assembling structure and method of outer ring and casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114483206A CN114483206A CN202111639986.3A CN202111639986A CN114483206A CN 114483206 A CN114483206 A CN 114483206A CN 202111639986 A CN202111639986 A CN 202111639986A CN 114483206 A CN114483206 A CN 114483206A
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- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas turbine engine structures, and particularly relates to a floating ceramic-based composite turbine outer ring and an assembly structure and method of the outer ring and a casing. The problem of because of the high thermal stress of turbine outer loop and quick-witted casket junction, easily cause the junction of turbine outer loop and quick-witted casket to take place local fracture and the effect of obturating of the great radial clearance between turbine outer loop and the rotor blade is relatively poor is solved. The floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring comprises a ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring main body and a floating type connecting structure. The floating type connecting structure can improve the connecting strength and reliability of the outer ring of the ceramic matrix composite turbine and the turbine casing, and can also enable the outer ring of the turbine to float up and down along the radial direction of an engine, thereby realizing the self-adaptive adjustment of the clearance between the outer ring of the turbine and the tip of the turbine rotor. Therefore, the fit clearance between the outer ring of the turbine and the blade tip of the turbine rotor is reduced, the blade tip sealing effect of the turbine rotor is improved, and the comprehensive efficiency of the turbine of the engine is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas turbine engine structures, and particularly relates to a radial floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and an assembly structure and method of the outer ring and a casing.
Background
The outer turbine ring is one of the turbine system components of a gas turbine engine and its primary function is to form the gas path with the turbine rotor. Under engine operating conditions, the outer turbine ring is directly subjected to scouring by high-temperature gas flow and scraping of rotor blades. With the development of high performance engine technology, the overall engine design places higher demands on the weight, service temperature, structural rigidity, etc. of the outer ring components of the turbine.
At present, the ceramic matrix composite material is considered to be one of the most potential materials for developing advanced high-temperature components of the engine by international public, the comprehensive performance index of the ceramic matrix composite material can well meet the use requirement of a high-performance turbine outer ring component, and the ceramic matrix composite material gradually replaces the traditional nickel-based and cobalt-based high-temperature alloy and becomes a preferred material for preparing the turbine outer ring.
The turbine outer ring is mounted on the turbine casing with radial gaps between the turbine outer ring and corresponding turbine rotor blades. The too large clearance can cause the air leakage of the blade tip of the turbine rotor, obviously reduce the efficiency of the engine and increase the oil consumption rate; too little clearance may in turn lead to scraping damage of the rotor blades against the outer turbine ring, affecting the structural integrity of the engine. The main current solution is to prepare an abradable coating on the flow surface of the turbine outer ring, control the radial clearance by scraping the abradable coating with the tip of the turbine rotor, and ensure the structural integrity of the turbine outer ring.
However, because the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring (abbreviated as the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring) is directly connected with the casing made of the high-temperature alloy material, a large thermal stress may be generated under a complex force and thermal environment when the engine works, so that the connection part of the turbine outer ring and the casing is locally cracked, and the structure is incomplete; meanwhile, as the advanced aero-engine increasingly adopts components such as the outer ring of the ceramic matrix composite turbine and the rotor blade, the variation range of the radial gap between the outer ring of the engine turbine and the rotor blade under the working conditions of cold state and hot state is larger, the original abradable coating cannot realize the sealing effect of the larger radial gap, and further the comprehensive efficiency of the aero-engine is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring, and an assembly structure and a method of the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and a casing, and aims to solve the problems that due to high thermal stress at the joint of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and the casing, the joint of the turbine outer ring and the casing is prone to local cracking, and the sealing effect of a large radial gap between the turbine outer ring and a rotor blade of an engine is poor. By adopting the technology, the connection reliability of the outer ring and the casing of the ceramic matrix composite turbine can be enhanced, and the thermal stress is reduced; meanwhile, the outer ring of the ceramic matrix composite turbine can float along the radial direction of the engine along with the rotation diameter of the rotor blade in a self-adaptive manner, and the tip sealing of the turbine rotor with a large radial clearance can be realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring is characterized in that: the turbine outer ring comprises a ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring matrix and n floating connection structures, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3;
the outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine comprises m ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units spliced end to end, wherein m is a positive integer less than or equal to n; each ceramic matrix composite material turbine outer ring unit comprises an arc-shaped substrate, an arc-shaped base and a cover plate, wherein the arc-shaped substrate is integrally arranged, the arc-shaped base is positioned on the outer surface of the arc-shaped substrate and is concentric with the arc-shaped substrate, and the cover plate is laid on the exposed outer surface of the arc-shaped substrate and the outer surface of the arc-shaped base; an installation cavity used for installing at least one floating type connecting structure is formed in the arc-shaped base; mounting holes communicated with the mounting cavity are formed in the top of the cover plate and the top of the arc-shaped base; the cover plate and the side wall of the arc-shaped base are provided with a first cooling airflow hole communicated with the mounting cavity;
the floating type connecting structure comprises a connecting guide rod, a combined stacked spring, a flat gasket and a special-shaped nut; the special-shaped nut, the combined stacked spring and the flat gasket are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, are positioned in the mounting cavity of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit and are coaxial with the mounting hole; the lower end of the connecting guide rod sequentially penetrates through the mounting hole, the flat gasket, the combined stacked spring and the special-shaped nut from top to bottom and is screwed tightly; the upper end of the connecting guide rod is used for being connected with the casing.
Further, in order to facilitate the shaping of the prefabricated body and the installation of the floating type connecting structure assembly, the circumferential section for installing the floating type connecting structure installation chamber is rectangular.
Furthermore, the connecting guide rod comprises a screw and a positioning boss arranged along the circumferential direction of the screw; the lower end of the screw is provided with a second cooling airflow hole penetrating through the screw along the radial direction; the projection area of the positioning boss on the cover plate is larger than the area of the mounting hole, and the positioning boss is used for limiting the axial displacement of the connecting guide rod.
Furthermore, the section profile of the positioning boss along the radial direction of the screw rod is in a track shape.
Further, the combined stack spring comprises at least two conical springs which are arranged in a stacked mode; each conical spring can achieve a coordinated amount of radial deformation of 0.2-0.5mm in its thickness direction. According to the assembling space and the size of the radial clearance required to be sealed, two forms of superposition or involution can be adopted. The conical spring in the overlapped form has high rigidity, can bear large load with small deformation, and is suitable for occasions with small axial sealing clearance. The involutive conical spring has the characteristics of large deformation and strong buffering and vibration absorbing capacity, and is suitable for occasions with large axial sealing gaps. Materials with high strength limit, yield limit, elastic limit and fatigue limit, such as spring steel, are used.
Further, the combination of stacked springs may also be replaced with conventional coil springs when assembly space permits.
Further, in order to prevent the conical spring from directly contacting with the inner wall surface of the turbine outer ring and continuously sliding in the floating process of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring, the conical spring is abraded or fails in the using process. Therefore, a flat gasket is added between the inner wall surface of the turbine outer ring and the conical spring, and the flat gasket can be made of high-temperature alloy or alloy steel according to the temperature of the using part of the flat gasket.
Furthermore, in order to prevent the abnormal nut from rotating and being incapable of being screwed in the screwing process of the connecting guide rod and the abnormal nut, at least one side surface of the abnormal nut is a plane which abuts against the plane wall surface of the mounting cavity, and self-locking is realized in the screwing process; the special-shaped nut is provided with a third cooling airflow hole along the radial direction of the threaded hole; depending on the temperature of the site of use, high temperature alloys or alloy steels may be used.
Further, for convenience of machining and reduction of machining cost, the cross section of the opposite-shaped nut along the radial direction of the threaded hole is a trapezoid-like cross section.
Furthermore, the special-shaped nut can be fixed in a spot welding or locking wire mode, and the outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine is prevented from rotating along the central shaft of the connecting guide rod.
The invention also provides an assembly structure of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and the casing, which is characterized in that: and a through hole is formed in the casing, the upper end of a connecting guide rod of each ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit in the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring penetrates through the through hole in the casing, and the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring is fastened by screwing a nut.
The invention also provides an assembly method of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and stacking the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring and the flat gasket in sequence from bottom to top, and putting the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring and the flat gasket into an installation cavity of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit to ensure that the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring and the flat gasket are coaxially arranged with the installation hole.
(2) Inserting the connecting guide rod into a mounting hole above the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit, and sequentially passing through the mounting hole, the flat gasket, the combined stacked spring and the special-shaped nut to be screwed; after the step is finished, a group of floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units are obtained.
(3) And (3) repeating the steps (1) to (2) until all the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units are completed, and then splicing all the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units end to form a whole ring, namely the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring.
Further, the combined spring stack can adopt 1-8 conical springs, and can be used in a folding or involution mode.
Further, in the step (2), the special-shaped nut can be fixed in a spot welding or locking wire mode, and the ceramic matrix composite material turbine outer ring matrix is prevented from rotating along the central shaft of the connecting guide rod.
The invention also provides an assembly method of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and the casing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, forming n through holes on a casing along the radial direction of the casing;
and 2, placing the casing processed in the step 1 on the periphery of the outer ring of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine, and fixing the casing on an operation table to prevent rotation and translation in the subsequent operation process. And then the upper ends of the connecting guide rods of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units penetrate through the through holes in the casing, the polished rod part above the positioning boss is matched with the through hole shaft, and the polished rod part is screwed down by using nuts to realize fastening.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
firstly, compared with the traditional ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring adopting an integrated hook form, the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring structure provided by the invention not only improves the connection strength and reliability of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and the turbine casing; in addition, the outer ring of the turbine can float up and down along the radial direction of the engine by adopting a structural form of a combined overlapping spring, so that the self-adaptive adjustment of the clearance between the outer ring of the turbine and the blade tip of the turbine rotor is realized.
Secondly, the radial clearance coordination amount of the ceramic matrix composite material turbine outer ring with the abradable coating is generally not more than 1mm when a conventional ear-hanging type connecting structure is adopted; according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the radial clearance coordination quantity of 0.5-5mm can be realized by combining the design of the number and the rigidity of the conical springs in the laminated spring. Therefore, the fit clearance between the outer ring of the turbine and the blade tip of the turbine rotor is reduced, the blade tip sealing effect of the turbine rotor is improved, and the comprehensive efficiency of the turbine of the engine is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer ring unit of a ceramic matrix composite turbine according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the connecting guide rod, the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring, the flat gasket and the outer ring body of the CMC turbine in the embodiment; wherein the combined superposed spring adopts two involutory conical springs;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the connecting guide rod, the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring, the flat gasket and the outer ring body of the CMC turbine in the embodiment; wherein the combined folding spring adopts two folded conical springs;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting rod according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a conical spring in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a special-shaped nut in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the floating CMC turbine outer ring assembled to the turbine casing according to an embodiment.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
01-ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit, 11-arc base plate, 12-arc base, 13-cover plate, 14-installation cavity, 15-installation hole and 16-first cooling airflow hole;
21-connecting guide rod, 22-combined stacked spring, 23-flat gasket and 24-special-shaped nut;
211-screw, 212-positioning boss, 213-second cooling gas flow hole;
241-plane, 242-third cooling airflow hole;
3-case, 4-nut.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and that the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in other embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the device is not enlarged partially according to the general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second, or third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The term "mounted, connected" in the present invention is to be understood broadly, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example: can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring comprises a ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring base body and a plurality of floating type connecting structures; the outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine is connected with the casing 3 through a plurality of floating connection structures, when the tip of the turbine rotor and the inner surface of the outer ring of the turbine are subjected to collision and grinding, the outer ring of the turbine moves along the radial direction, and then the conical spring is compressed and generates elastic deformation. Therefore, the protective coating is not worn by the tip of the turbine rotor, and a better clearance between the outer ring of the turbine and the tip of the turbine rotor is obtained.
The outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine comprises a plurality of ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units 01 which are spliced end to end, the number of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units 01 in the embodiment is equal to that of the floating type connecting structures, and the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units and the floating type connecting structures are in one-to-one correspondence; in other embodiments, the number of floating connection structures may be greater than the number of cmc outer ring units 01.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit 01 of the present embodiment includes an arc-shaped substrate 11, wherein two circumferential end surfaces of the arc-shaped substrate 11 are provided with a lapping structure, and a plurality of ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units are connected end to end through the lapping structure to form a whole ring. In order to install the floating connection structure, an arc base 12 is arranged on the outer surface of an arc base plate 11, as can be seen from the figure, the arc base 12 is concentric with the arc base plate 11, no gap and no defect are ensured in the turbine outer ring main body unit, and an installation cavity 14 for installing the corresponding floating connection structure is arranged in the arc base 12; in the present embodiment, one floating connection structure is installed in each installation chamber 14, and in other embodiments, 2 or more than 2 floating connection structures may be installed according to application requirements. The mounting chamber 14 is rectangular in cross section along the circumferential direction of the outer ring of the turbine, so that the mounting of the floating type connecting structure is ensured. In order to position the arc-shaped substrate 11 and the arc-shaped base 12, a cover plate 13 is laid on the exposed outer surface of the arc-shaped substrate 11 and the outer surface of the arc-shaped base 12, and mounting holes 15 communicated with a mounting cavity 14 are formed in the tops of the cover plate 13 and the arc-shaped base 12; the cover plate 13 and the arc-shaped base 12 are provided with a first cooling airflow hole 16 communicated with the mounting cavity 14. The arc-shaped base plate 11, the arc-shaped base 12 and the cover plate 13 are integrally arranged to form the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit 01.
The floating type connecting structure of the embodiment comprises a connecting guide rod 21, a combined laminated spring 22, a flat gasket 23 and a special-shaped nut 24; with reference to fig. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the special-shaped nut 24, the combined laminated spring 22 and the flat gasket 23 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, are located in the mounting chamber 14 of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit 01, and are coaxial with the mounting hole 15; the lower end of the connecting guide rod 21 sequentially penetrates through the mounting hole 15, the flat gasket 23, the combined stacked spring 22 and the special-shaped nut 24 from top to bottom and is screwed tightly; the upper end of the connecting rod 21 is used for connecting with the casing 3. A flat gasket 23 is additionally arranged between the combined laminated spring 22 and the inner wall of the mounting cavity 14, so that the conical spring is prevented from being in direct contact with the inner wall surface of the outer ring of the turbine in the floating process of the outer ring of the ceramic matrix composite turbine and continuously sliding, and the conical spring is prevented from being worn or failing in the use process. Depending on the temperature of the site of use, high temperature alloys or alloy steels may be used.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the connecting rod 21 of the present embodiment includes a screw 211, two ends of the screw 211 are threaded sections, a polish rod is arranged in the middle, a positioning boss 212 is arranged along the circumference of the polish rod, the portion of the polish rod above the positioning boss 212 is used for matching with the casing, and the portion of the polish rod below the positioning boss 212 is used for matching with the flat gasket 23; meanwhile, the boss can be used as a part clamped by a wrench in the process of screwing the connecting guide rod 21 and the outer ring of the turbine. The cross section profile of the positioning boss 212 along the radial direction of the screw 211 is in a runway shape; the lower end of the screw 211 is provided with a second cooling airflow hole 213 which penetrates through the screw 211 along the radial direction; the projection area of the positioning boss 212 on the cover plate 13 is larger than the area of the mounting hole 15 for limiting the axial displacement of the connecting rod 21.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the conical spring of the assembled coil spring 22 of this embodiment, which uses a material with high strength limit, yield limit, elastic limit and fatigue limit, such as spring steel. The combination of stacked springs 22 may also be replaced with conventional coil springs when the assembly space allows.
When the clearance between the turbine outer ring and the turbine rotor blade tip is small, the conical springs can adopt a superposition combination mode, as shown in FIG. 3, namely, the conical parts of the conical springs at the lower layer are contacted with the bottom parts of the conical springs at the upper layer, and each conical spring can realize the radial deformation coordination amount of 0.2-0.5mm in the thickness direction. When the clearance between the turbine outer ring and the turbine rotor blade tip is small and large, the conical springs can be combined in an involution mode, as shown in FIG. 2, namely, the conical parts of the lower conical springs are in contact with the conical parts of the upper conical springs, and each conical spring can achieve the radial deformation coordination amount of 0.2-0.5mm in the thickness direction.
As shown in fig. 6, the special-shaped nut 24 of the present embodiment adopts a similar trapezoidal structure, and of course, nuts with structures such as a rectangle may also be adopted in other embodiments, mainly to prevent the special-shaped nut 24 from rotating and being unable to be screwed in the process of screwing the connecting guide 21 and the special-shaped nut 24, and the similar trapezoidal structure is more convenient to improve on the structure of the existing conventional nut compared with other structures. During installation, the plane 241 side of the special-shaped nut 24 abuts against the plane wall surface of the installation cavity 14, and during tightening, self-locking is achieved. The special-shaped nut 24 can be fixed by adopting a spot welding or locking wire mode, so that the outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine is prevented from rotating along the central shaft of the connecting guide rod 21. The special-shaped nut 24 is provided with a third cooling airflow hole 242 along the radial direction of the threaded hole; when the connecting guide rod 21 and the special-shaped nut 24 are screwed, the cooling air flow holes on the connecting guide rod and the special-shaped nut are required to be communicated. The profile nut 24 may be made of high temperature alloy or alloy steel depending on the temperature of the location where it is used.
The assembly of the outer ring of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine is realized through the following steps:
(1) the special-shaped nut 24, the combined laminated spring 22 and the flat gasket 23 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top and are placed in the mounting chamber 14 of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit 01, and the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring 22 and the flat gasket are ensured to be coaxially placed with the mounting hole 15. The combined folding spring 22 can adopt 1-8 conical springs, and can be used in a folding or oppositely folding mode.
(2) Inserting a connecting guide rod 21 into a mounting hole 15 above the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit 01, and sequentially passing through the mounting hole 15, a flat gasket 23 and a combined overlapping spring 22 to be screwed with a special-shaped nut 24; the special-shaped nut 24 is fixed by adopting a spot welding or locking wire mode, so that the outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine is prevented from rotating along the central shaft of the connecting guide rod 21. After the step is finished, a group of floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units 01 is obtained.
(3) And (3) repeating the steps (1) to (2) until all the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units 01 are completed, and then splicing all the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units 01 end to form a whole ring, namely the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring.
As shown in FIG. 7, the floating CMC turbine outer ring and casing are assembled by the following steps:
step 1, forming n through holes on a casing 3 along the radial direction of the casing;
and 2, placing the casing 3 processed in the step 1 on the periphery of the outer ring of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine, and fixing the casing 3 or a casing mounting ring on an operation table to prevent rotation and translation in the subsequent operation process. And then, the upper ends of the connecting guide rods 21 of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units 01 penetrate through the through holes in the casing 3, the polished rod part above the positioning boss 212 is matched with the through hole shaft, and the polished rod part is screwed by the nuts 4 to realize fastening.
The traditional turbine outer ring is rigidly connected with a turbine casing through a suspension loop or a connecting bolt. In the working process of the engine, due to the characteristics of periodic vibration and the like existing in the machining and manufacturing process and the engine rotor part, the blade tip of the turbine rotor often collides and grinds with the inner surface coating of the outer ring of the turbine continuously, after the engine works for a long time, the gap between the blade tip of the turbine rotor and the outer ring of the turbine is often increased, the front gas tightness of the turbine is affected, and further the work efficiency of the turbine is reduced. The floating ceramic-based turbine outer ring is fixedly connected with the turbine casing through the connecting guide rod with good strength, and meanwhile, the turbine outer ring can float up and down along the radial direction of an engine through the floating connecting structure, so that the thermal stress of the connecting part of the turbine outer ring and the casing is reduced. In the specific working process, when the tip of the turbine rotor and the outer ring of the turbine are rubbed and ground, the outer ring of the turbine moves along the radial direction after being stressed, meanwhile, the conical spring is compressed by the outer ring of the turbine and generates elastic deformation, and when the high point of the turbine blade disappears or the amplitude is weakened, the conical spring releases the elastic force and jacks the outer ring of the turbine back to the initial position or the corresponding position again. Therefore, the protective coating is not worn by the tip of the turbine rotor, and a better clearance between the outer ring of the turbine and the tip of the turbine rotor is obtained.
Claims (16)
1. A floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring which is characterized in that: the turbine outer ring comprises a ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring matrix and n floating connection structures, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3;
the outer ring matrix of the ceramic matrix composite turbine comprises m ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units (01) spliced end to end, wherein m is a positive integer less than or equal to n; each ceramic matrix composite material turbine outer ring unit (01) comprises an arc-shaped substrate (11), an arc-shaped base (12) and a cover plate (13), wherein the arc-shaped substrate (11) is integrally arranged, the arc-shaped base (12) is positioned on the outer surface of the arc-shaped substrate (11) and is concentric with the arc-shaped substrate (11), and the cover plate (13) is laid on the exposed outer surface of the arc-shaped substrate (11) and the outer surface of the arc-shaped base (12); an installation cavity (14) for installing at least one floating type connecting structure is formed in the arc-shaped base (12); the top of the cover plate (13) and the arc-shaped base (12) are provided with mounting holes (15) communicated with the mounting cavity (14); a first cooling airflow hole (16) communicated with the mounting cavity (14) is formed in the side walls of the cover plate (13) and the arc-shaped base (12);
the floating type connecting structure comprises a connecting guide rod (21), a flat gasket (23), a combined laminated spring (22) and a special-shaped nut (24); the special-shaped nut (24), the combined laminated spring (22) and the flat gasket (23) are sequentially arranged in a laminated mode from bottom to top, are positioned in the installation cavity (14) of the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit (01), and are coaxial with the installation hole (15); the lower end of the connecting guide rod (21) sequentially penetrates through the mounting hole (15), the flat gasket (23) and the combined stacked spring (22) from top to bottom and is screwed with the special-shaped nut (24); the upper end of the connecting guide rod (21) is used for being connected with the casing (3).
2. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 1, wherein: the circumferential section of the mounting chamber (14) is rectangular.
3. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 2, wherein: the connecting guide rod (21) comprises a screw rod (211), the two ends of the screw rod (211) are threaded sections, the middle part of the screw rod (211) is a polished rod, a positioning boss (212) is arranged along the circumferential direction of the polished rod, and the projection area of the positioning boss (212) on the cover plate (13) is larger than the area of the mounting hole (15); the polish rod part above the positioning boss (212) is used for being matched with the case (3), and the polish rod part below the positioning boss (212) is used for being matched with the flat gasket (23);
the lower end of the screw (211) is provided with a second cooling airflow hole (213) which penetrates through the screw (211) along the radial direction.
4. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 3, wherein: the cross section profile of the positioning boss (212) along the radial direction of the screw (211) is in a track shape.
5. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 4, wherein: the combined stacked spring (22) comprises at least two conical springs which are stacked in a stacked or involutory mode.
6. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 5, wherein: the conical springs are made of materials with high strength limit, yield limit, elastic limit and fatigue limit, and each conical spring can realize the radial deformation coordination amount of 0.2-0.5mm in the thickness direction.
7. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 4, wherein: the combination leaf spring (22) is a conventional coil spring.
8. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the flat gasket (23) and the special-shaped nut (24) are made of high-temperature alloy or alloy steel.
9. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 8, wherein: at least one side surface of the special-shaped nut (24) is a plane (241), the plane (241) is abutted against the plane wall surface of the mounting cavity (14), and self-locking is realized in the screwing process; the special-shaped nut (24) is provided with a third cooling airflow hole (242) which penetrates through the special-shaped nut (24) along the radial direction of the threaded hole.
10. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 9, wherein: the cross section of the opposite-shaped nut (4) along the radial direction of the threaded hole is a trapezoid-like cross section.
11. The floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring of claim 10, wherein: the special-shaped nut (24) is fixed in the mounting chamber (14) in a spot welding or locking wire mode.
12. An assembly structure of an outer ring and a casing of a floating ceramic matrix composite turbine according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein: a through hole is formed in the casing (3), the upper end of a connecting guide rod (21) of each ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit (01) in the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring penetrates through the through hole in the casing (3), and the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring is fastened by screwing a nut (4).
13. A method of assembling an outer ring of a floating ceramic matrix composite turbine according to any of claims 1-11, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, stacking a special-shaped nut (24), a combined laminated spring (22) and a flat gasket (23) in sequence from bottom to top, placing the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring and the flat gasket into an installation cavity (14) of a ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit (01), and ensuring that the special-shaped nut, the combined laminated spring and the flat gasket are coaxially placed with an installation hole (15);
step 2, inserting a connecting guide rod (21) from a mounting hole (15) above the ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit (01), and sequentially passing through the mounting hole (15), a flat gasket (23) and a combined laminated spring (22) to be screwed with a special-shaped nut (24); obtaining a group of floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units (01);
and 3, repeating the steps 1 to 2 until all the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units (01) are completed, and then splicing all the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring units (01) end to form a whole ring, so that the floating type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring is obtained.
14. The method of assembling an outer ring of a floating ceramic matrix composite turbine of claim 13, wherein: in the step 1, the combined superposed springs (22) are 1-8 conical springs which are superposed or involutory.
15. The method of assembling an outer ring of a floating ceramic matrix composite turbine according to claim 14, wherein: in the step 2, the special-shaped nut (24) is fixed in the mounting chamber (14) in a spot welding or locking wire mode.
16. A method of assembling an outer ring and a casing of a floating ceramic matrix composite turbine according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, forming n through holes on a casing (3) along the radial direction of the casing;
and 2, placing the casing (3) processed in the step 1 on the periphery of the outer ring of the floating ceramic matrix composite turbine, fixing the casing to an operation table, penetrating the upper end of a connecting guide rod (21) of each ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring unit (01) into a through hole in the casing (3), matching a polished rod part above the positioning boss (212) with a through hole shaft, and screwing by using a nut (4) to realize fastening.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111639986.3A CN114483206A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and assembling structure and method of outer ring and casing |
| PCT/CN2022/096451 WO2023123860A1 (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-31 | Floating-type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring, and assembly structure and method for same and casing |
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| CN202111639986.3A CN114483206A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Floating ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring and assembling structure and method of outer ring and casing |
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| WO2023123860A1 (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-06 | 西安鑫垚陶瓷复合材料有限公司 | Floating-type ceramic matrix composite turbine outer ring, and assembly structure and method for same and casing |
| WO2023227126A1 (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-30 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Turbine outer ring connection structure and turbine engine |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2023123860A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
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