CN114481146A - Pickling solution for removing surface oxide layer of stainless steel plate strip and pickling method - Google Patents
Pickling solution for removing surface oxide layer of stainless steel plate strip and pickling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114481146A CN114481146A CN202210152807.1A CN202210152807A CN114481146A CN 114481146 A CN114481146 A CN 114481146A CN 202210152807 A CN202210152807 A CN 202210152807A CN 114481146 A CN114481146 A CN 114481146A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/085—Iron or steel solutions containing HNO3
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel surface treatment, and particularly relates to a pickling solution for removing a surface oxide layer of a stainless steel plate and a pickling method. The pickling solution of the invention comprises: 100-300g/L hydrochloric acid and 10-100g/L Fe3+0-40g/L nitric acid, 0.0-0.3g/L SDBS and 0-50g/L hydrogen peroxide. The pickling solution of the invention does not contain H2SO4Containing little HNO3Reduces the pollution of pickling solid waste to the environment, in particular solves the problem of NO existing in stainless steel continuous pickling for a long timexAnd severe contamination problems with HF.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel surface treatment, and particularly relates to a pickling solution for removing a surface oxide layer of a stainless steel plate and a pickling method.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and the improvement of environmental protection consciousness of people, stainless steel with excellent comprehensive performance is widely applied to important fields of petrochemical industry, aerospace, energy and the like which concern the national civilian life as a green environment-friendly material meeting the 3R requirement. However, in the production process of stainless steel, hot working is inevitably carried out, and an oxide layer generated by the hot working not only destroys the surface aesthetic property of the steel plate, but also influences subsequent processing and use, so that the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel must be completely removed before the subsequent processing.
At present, most enterprises at home and abroad still adopt the traditional sulfuric acid + mixed acid (nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid) pickling solution to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the steel plate. However, when the surface oxide layer is removed by adopting the traditional acid washing, the method has more defects: on one hand, a large amount of solid waste is generated by sulfuric acid pickling, so that the stacking is difficult and the environmental pollution is serious; on the other hand, nitric acid releases more NO in the process of oxidizing the stainless steel oxide layerxGases, which pollute the atmosphere and are harmful to human health; meanwhile, the pickling efficiency of the high-corrosion-resistance stainless steel with high content of some alloy elements is low, and the production efficiency is seriously influenced.
The Chinese patent application with publication number CN101922011A discloses an acid washing method for 430 stainless steel surface, which comprises the following steps: (1) directly placing the annealed 430 stainless steel into a pickling tank for pickling, wherein the pickling tank consists of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1-7 mol/L and an additive, the addition amount of the additive is 0.1-3% of the mole number of the hydrochloric acid, the pickling temperature is 20-80 ℃, and the pickling retention time is 100-500 seconds; (2) washing the pickled 430 stainless steel for 1 time, wherein the washing temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the retention time is 80-120 seconds; (3) and then washing the 430 stainless steel after washing for 1 time for 2 times, wherein the washing temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the retention time is 80-120 seconds. The following drawbacks exist in this application: (1) the decomposition of the used hydrogen peroxide is fast, and the hydrogen peroxide does not play a main role in the acid washing process; (2) the method has long pickling time and low production efficiency when being used for pickling, and is not suitable for industrial production; (3) the pickling solution is not applicable to high-corrosion-resistance stainless steel.
The chinese patent application with publication number CN104611712A discloses a hydrochloric acid pickling solution for 400-series stainless steel hot-rolled annealed wires, which comprises: 8-22 wt% of hydrochloric acid, 0.01-10 wt% of nitric acid, 0.01-1 wt% of corrosion inhibitor, 0.05-1 wt% of surfactant, 0.05-1 wt% of accelerator, 0.05-1 wt% of solution stabilizer and the balance of water. However, when the pickling solution is used for pickling a hot-rolled wire, pickling is carried out at 45 to 85 ℃ for 0.5 to 2 hours to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, the pickling efficiency is low, and the production efficiency is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pickling solution for removing an oxide layer on the surface of a stainless steel plate strip and a pickling method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
Specifically, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pickling solution for removing an oxide layer on a surface of a stainless steel plate, including: 100-300g/L hydrochloric acid and 10-100g/L Fe3+0-40g/L nitric acid, 0.0-0.3g/L SDBS and 0-50g/L hydrogen peroxide.
The pickling solution for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate comprises: 100-300g/L hydrochloric acid and 10-100g/L Fe3+0-40g/L nitric acid, 0.1-0.3g/L SDBS and 0-50g/L hydrogen peroxide.
The pickling solution for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate comprises: 120-250g/L hydrochloric acid and 30-80g/L Fe3+10-20g/L nitric acid, 0.2-0.25g/L SDBS and 15-40g/L hydrogen peroxide.
The pickling solution for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate is Fe3+Selected from FeCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、Fe(NO3)3、Fe2O3One or more of (a).
The pickling solution for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate is Fe3+Selected from FeCl3。
In another aspect, the invention provides a pickling method for removing an oxide layer on the surface of a stainless steel strip, which comprises pickling the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel strip with the pickling solution.
The pickling method for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate strip comprises a first-stage pickling step, a first water washing step, a second-stage pickling step and a second water washing step;
wherein the temperature of the first-stage acid washing is 30-70 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15-60 s; the temperature of the second-stage acid washing is 30-70 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15-60 s.
In the pickling method for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate, the pickling solution adopted in the first-stage pickling process and the pickling solution adopted in the second-stage pickling process are different in component and concentration.
In the pickling method for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate, the pickling solution adopted in the first-stage pickling and the pickling solution adopted in the second-stage pickling have the same components and concentrations.
The pickling method for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate strip is described above, and the stainless steel comprises, but is not limited to, 430 ferritic stainless steel, 316L austenitic stainless steel, 2205 duplex stainless steel and other series stainless steel.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the pickling solution of the invention does not contain H2SO4Containing little HNO3Reduces the pollution of pickling solid waste to the environment, in particular solves the problem of NO existing in stainless steel continuous pickling for a long timexAnd severe contamination problems with HF;
(2) the pickling solution has excellent cleaning capability, and when the pickling solution is used for treating stainless steel, the stainless steel can be contacted with strip steel for 15-60 seconds at the temperature of 30-70 ℃ to completely remove an oxide layer on the surface of the strip steel, so that the pickling time is greatly shortened, and the pickling production efficiency is improved;
(3) the pickling method for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate strip does not change the existing pickling production equipment and process flow, and reduces the cost.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 shows the appearance of 430 stainless steel after being treated by the pickling method of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the appearance of 316L stainless steel after being treated by the pickling method of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the appearance of 2205 duplex stainless steel after being treated by the pickling method of the embodiment 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention. The process of the present invention employs conventional methods or apparatus in the art, except as described below. The following noun terms have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein do not denote any order or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, and the terms "the," "one," and "an" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. The terms "preferred", "more preferred", and the like, refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
When a range of values is disclosed herein, the range is considered to be continuous and includes both the minimum and maximum values of the range, as well as each value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range is included. Further, when multiple range-describing features or characteristics are provided, the ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein.
In order to overcome the defects of the traditional pickling solution in removing the oxide layer on the surface of the steel plate, the invention provides the environment-friendly high-efficiency pickling solution which is suitable for the existing stainless steel pickling production process and equipment.
Specifically, the pickling solution for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate strip provided by the invention comprises: 100-300g/L hydrochloric acid, 10-100g/L Fe3+0-40g/L nitric acid, 0.0-0.3g/L SDBS and 0-50g/L hydrogen peroxide.
Wherein Cl in hydrochloric acid-The water-soluble complex is easy to adsorb on the surface of the oxide layer of the plate strip, and competes with oxygen in the water-soluble complex to form a soluble complex, so that the dissolution and the destruction of the oxide layer are accelerated. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the pickling solution is less than 100g/L, the dissolution speed of the oxide layer is low, so that the active area on the surface of the stainless steel is few, the pickling solution is difficult to pass through the oxide layer and cannot be completely contacted with a matrix, and the pickling speed is low; when the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the pickling solution is more than 300g/L, the over-corrosion phenomenon is easy to occur locally, and a deeper corrosion pit is formed. Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the acid washing solution is 120-250 g/L.
Wherein, Fe3+The addition of the acid-washing agent improves the oxidation-reduction potential of the solution, and is beneficial to improving the acid-washing speed. When Fe3+When the concentration of the acid is less than 10g/L, the effect of improving the acid washing speed is not obvious; when Fe3+When the concentration of the stainless steel plate strip is more than 100g/L, over-corrosion is easy to generate, so that the surface quality of the stainless steel plate strip cannot be ensured. When Fe3+The concentration of (A) is 30-80g/L, the effect is better.
In some preferred embodiments, the Fe3+Selected from FeCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、Fe(NO3)3、Fe2O3One or more of (a). Further preferably, the Fe3+Selected from FeCl3。
Wherein, the nitric acid can improve the activity of the hydrogen peroxide. When the concentration of nitric acid in the pickling solution is more than 40g/L, NO is easily generated by decompositionxAnd the environment is polluted. When the concentration of the nitric acid is 10-20g/L, the effect is better.
Wherein the SDBS is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and has wetting and penetrating effects. When the concentration of SDBS in the pickling solution is more than 0.3g/L, the pickling speed is not obviously accelerated and the generated foam is not easy to disappear by self. When the concentration of the SDBS is 0.1-0.3g/L, the effect is better, and when the concentration of the SDBS is 0.2-0.25g/L, the effect is optimal.
Wherein, the hydrogen peroxide is used for removing Fe generated in the pickling process2+Oxidation to Fe3+And accelerateThe acid washing reaction speed. When the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the pickling solution is more than 50g/L, the decomposition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is increased, and the risks of temperature runaway and material overflow are increased. Preferably, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 15-40 g/L.
In the pickling solution for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate, SDBS is used as a surfactant, and the addition of the SDBS improves the wetting capacity of the pickling solution. Simultaneously due to Cl in hydrochloric acid-The acid liquor has strong adsorption capacity on the surface of the oxide layer, and competes with oxygen in the oxide layer to adsorb to form a soluble complex, so that the dissolution and the destruction of the oxide layer are accelerated, and the acid liquor is contacted with the matrix and the chromium-poor layer through the permeation of dissolved pores. In this stage, the electrochemical reaction, i.e. Fe, mainly takes place3+And H+The oxidation reaction of (A) promotes the dissolution of the matrix or the chromium-poor layer, the adhesive force of the oxide layer is weakened, and then the dissolution and H precipitation of the matrix or the chromium-poor layer2The synergistic effect of the two components makes the oxide layer peel off and fall off. The addition of hydrogen peroxide further improves the uniform corrosion dissolution rate of the matrix or the chromium-poor layer, so that the matrix undergoes an anodic polishing reaction, local corrosion is inhibited, and the flat and bright surface of the plate is promoted. HNO3The addition of the hydrogen peroxide further stabilizes the reaction activity of the hydrogen peroxide and ensures the polishing effect of the hydrogen peroxide.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a pickling method for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate strip by using the pickling solution.
Specifically, the pickling method of the invention comprises the following steps: first-stage acid washing, first water washing, second-stage acid washing and second water washing; wherein the temperature of the first-stage acid washing is 30-70 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15-60 s; the temperature of the second-stage acid washing is 30-70 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15-60 s.
The pickling method comprises the step of directly immersing the stainless steel plate strip subjected to shot blasting pretreatment into a pickling tank for pickling.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the pickling solution used in the first stage pickling is different from the pickling solution used in the second stage pickling in terms of composition and concentration.
Optionally, in further embodiments, the pickling solution used in the first stage pickling and the pickling solution used in the second stage pickling have the same composition and concentration.
Alternatively, the stainless steel includes, but is not limited to, 430 ferritic stainless steel, 316L austenitic stainless steel, or 2205 duplex stainless steel, among others.
Further, the pickling method of the present invention is also applicable to other types of stainless steel, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
The invention not only reduces the discharge of solid waste and avoids releasing more NO under the condition of not changing the existing pickling production equipment and process flowxGas, shortens the pickling time of the stainless steel and improves the pickling production efficiency.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were carried out according to conventional methods and conditions. The starting materials used in the following examples are all conventionally commercially available.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly efficient pickling method for 430 ferrite stainless steel hot-rolled strip steel, wherein the thickness of the strip steel to be treated is 3.0 mm; the method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) soaking the strip steel subjected to shot blasting pretreatment into a first-stage pickling solution for pickling, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the first-stage pickling solution is 150g/L, the concentration of ferric ions is 10g/L, the concentration of nitric acid is 0g/L, SDBS is 0.0g/L, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0 g/L. The temperature of the first-stage hydrochloric acid washing liquid is 60 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15 s.
2) The strip steel after the first-stage acid pickling is washed and then is immersed into a second-stage acid pickling solution, wherein the hydrochloric acid concentration of the second-stage hydrochloric acid pickling solution is 160g/L, the iron ion concentration is 15g/L, the nitric acid concentration is 10g/L, SDBS is 0.0g/L, and the hydrogen peroxide concentration is 30 g/L. The temperature of the second-stage pickling solution is 45 ℃, and the pickling time is 15 s. After pickling, the topography of the strip is shown in FIG. 1.
Industrial experiments prove that the 430 stainless steel hot-rolled strip steel subjected to shot blasting treatment is subjected to two-stage acid washing on the conventional acid washing production line by adopting the method, no residual iron oxide scale is left on the surface of the strip steel, and the surface requirement of a hot plate is met.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly high-efficiency pickling method for 316L austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled strip steel, and the thickness of the strip steel to be treated is 3.5 mm; the method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) soaking the strip steel subjected to shot blasting pretreatment into a first-stage pickling solution for pickling, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the first-stage pickling solution is 200g/L, the concentration of ferric ions in the first-stage pickling solution is 30g/L, the concentration of nitric acid in the first-stage pickling solution is 15g/L, SDBS in the first-stage pickling solution is 0.2g/L, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the first-stage pickling solution is 30 g/L. The temperature of the first-stage hydrochloric acid washing liquid is 45 ℃, and the acid washing time is 30 s.
2) The strip steel after the first-stage acid pickling is washed and then is immersed into a second-stage acid pickling solution, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the second-stage acid pickling solution is 220g/L, the concentration of iron ions in the second-stage acid pickling solution is 35g/L, the concentration of nitric acid in the second-stage acid pickling solution is 20g/L, SDBS in the second-stage acid pickling solution is 0.15g/L, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the second-stage acid pickling solution is 40 g/L. The temperature of the second-stage hydrochloric acid washing liquid is 50 ℃, and the acid washing time is 30 s. After pickling, the topography of the strip is shown in FIG. 2.
Industrial experiments prove that the 316L stainless steel hot-rolled strip steel subjected to shot blasting treatment is subjected to two-stage acid pickling on the conventional acid pickling production line by adopting the three embodiments, no residual iron oxide scale is left on the surface of the strip steel, and the surface requirement of a hot plate is met.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly efficient pickling method for 2205 duplex stainless steel hot-rolled strip steel, wherein the thickness of the strip steel to be treated is 4.0 mm; the method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) soaking the strip steel subjected to shot blasting pretreatment into a first-stage pickling solution for pickling, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the first-stage pickling solution is 260g/L, the concentration of ferric ions is 50g/L, the concentration of nitric acid is 25g/L, SDBS is 0.2g/L, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 40 g/L. The temperature of the first hydrochloric acid washing liquid is 55 ℃, and the acid washing time is 40 s.
2) The strip steel after the first-stage pickling is washed and then is immersed into a second-stage pickling solution, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the second-stage pickling solution is 240g/L, the concentration of iron ions in the second-stage pickling solution is 40g/L, the concentration of nitric acid in the second-stage pickling solution is 30g/L, SDBS in the second-stage pickling solution is 0.10g/L, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the second-stage pickling solution is 50 g/L. The temperature of the second-stage pickling solution is 65 ℃, and the pickling time is 40 s. After pickling, the topography of the strip is shown in FIG. 2.
Industrial experiments prove that the 2205 duplex stainless steel hot-rolled strip steel subjected to shot blasting treatment is subjected to two-stage acid pickling on the existing acid pickling production line by adopting the three embodiments, no iron oxide scale remains on the surface of the strip steel, and the requirement on the surface of a hot plate is met.
The present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions that are equivalent to these embodiments are deemed to be within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The pickling solution for removing the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel plate is characterized by comprising the following components: 100-300g/L hydrochloric acid and 10-100g/L Fe3+0-40g/L nitric acid, 0.0-0.3g/L SDBS and 0-50g/L hydrogen peroxide.
2. The pickling solution according to claim 1, comprising: 100-300g/L hydrochloric acid and 10-100g/L Fe3+0-40g/L nitric acid, 0.1-0.3g/L SDBS and 0-50g/L hydrogen peroxide.
3. The pickling solution according to claim 1, comprising: 120-250g/L hydrochloric acid and 30-80g/L Fe3+10-20g/L nitric acid, 0.2-0.25g/L SDBS and 15-40g/L hydrogen peroxide.
4. The pickling solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said Fe is3+Selected from FeCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、Fe(NO3)3、Fe2O3One or more of (a).
5. The pickling solution according to claim 4, wherein said Fe is3+Selected from FeCl3。
6. A pickling method for removing an oxide layer on the surface of a stainless steel strip, characterized in that the oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel strip is pickled with the pickling solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The acid washing method according to claim 6, characterized by comprising a first-stage acid washing, a first water washing, a second-stage acid washing and a second water washing;
wherein the temperature of the first-stage acid washing is 30-70 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15-60 s; the temperature of the second-stage acid washing is 30-70 ℃, and the acid washing time is 15-60 s.
8. The pickling method as recited in claim 7, wherein the pickling solution used in said first pickling section has a different composition and concentration from the pickling solution used in said second pickling section.
9. The pickling method as defined in claim 7, wherein the pickling solution used in said first pickling section has the same composition and concentration as the pickling solution used in said second pickling section.
10. The pickling process of claim 6, wherein the stainless steel comprises 430 ferritic stainless steel, 316L austenitic stainless steel, or 2205 duplex stainless steel.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114959717A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Method for removing iron scale of ferritic stainless steel |
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| CN103805970A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 | Surface treatment method for tire bead wires before being plated |
| CN104611712A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-13 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | Hydrochloric-acid acid washing liquid and acid washing method for 400-series stainless steel hot-rolled annealing wire |
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2022
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| CN101922011A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-22 | 东北大学 | Pickling method of surface of 430 stainless steel |
| CN103789778A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 | Surface active agent in steel wire pickling solution |
| CN103805970A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 | Surface treatment method for tire bead wires before being plated |
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| CN114959717A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Method for removing iron scale of ferritic stainless steel |
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