CN114480855B - Method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying in grading manner - Google Patents
Method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying in grading manner Download PDFInfo
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- CN114480855B CN114480855B CN202011267925.4A CN202011267925A CN114480855B CN 114480855 B CN114480855 B CN 114480855B CN 202011267925 A CN202011267925 A CN 202011267925A CN 114480855 B CN114480855 B CN 114480855B
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- -1 aluminum-silicon-iron Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001579 aluminosilicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/037—Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
- C22B9/023—By filtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner, which comprises the following steps: (1) Crushing high-alumina fly ash and a carbonaceous reducing agent, adding a binder and water, uniformly mixing, agglomerating, drying to obtain dry agglomerations, and carrying out reduction reaction to obtain an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy melt; (2) Casting the molten mass in a mould, and controlling the cooling speed and time to obtain a primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block; (3) Loading the alloy blocks into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heating at a low temperature, allowing the molten solution to pass through a porous filter plate under the action of hypergravity, and cooling and solidifying to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein slag is a secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block; (4) And continuously heating the alloy block to high temperature, allowing the molten liquid to pass through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity, and cooling and solidifying to obtain the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy, wherein the slag is industrial silicon or aluminum-silicon alloy. The invention takes the fly ash as the raw material, has wide sources, low cost and no industrial waste, and various products with high added value are obtained after the classification and purification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and environment, and particularly relates to a method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner.
Background
There are two existing methods for producing aluminium-silicon-iron alloy, namely blending method and electrothermal reduction method. The mixing method is to melt and mix metallic aluminum generated by electrolysis with industrial ferrosilicon produced by an electrothermal method. However, the method has the advantages of long production flow, complex process, high production cost, high energy consumption and great influence on environment. The electrothermal reduction method is to prepare alloy by taking aluminosilicate minerals as raw materials and carbonaceous materials as reducing agents through arc furnace reduction smelting. The method can shorten the process flow and reduce the production cost. However, the raw materials of the electrothermal reduction method are mainly aluminosilicate minerals such as bauxite, kaolinite and the like, and the production of the aluminosilicate minerals is influenced by the distribution, reserves, ore characteristics and the like of ore resources in China. At present, the shortage of bauxite resources in China can increase the production cost and directly influence the production. Therefore, the method actively exploits the non-traditional aluminum minerals to produce the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy, and has very important social and economic significance for promoting the sustainable development of the aluminum industry.
Fly ash is a solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, and the content of the fly ash is about 5-20% of the total amount of coal. With the rapid development of the power industry, the discharge amount of the fly ash is increased, the current utilization rate of the fly ash is only about 40%, and most of the fly ash still occupies a large amount of land to be piled up, so that the environment is polluted, the resources are wasted and the ecological balance is broken. The high-alumina fly ash is a novel aluminum resource which is unique to China. The content of alumina in the fly ash can reach 40-50%, which is far higher than that in common fly ash, and is equivalent to that in medium-grade bauxite, thus being a valuable regenerated aluminum-containing mineral resource. In the prior art, patent CN1676630A discloses a method for smelting aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using fly ash, and patent CN101469378A discloses a method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and magnetic beads. Therefore, the high-alumina fly ash can replace natural minerals such as bauxite, kaolinite and the like to be used as raw materials for smelting aluminum-silicon-iron alloy, and can relieve the shortage situation of domestic aluminum resources.
The aluminum-silicon-iron alloy prepared by electrically reducing high-alumina fly ash by carbon has higher iron content, often exists in the form of brittle iron-rich intermetallic compound, so that the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy cannot be used as the aluminum-silicon alloy for casting with higher value, and is widely applied to steel plants mainly as steelmaking deoxidizers. However, the steelmaking deoxidizer has limited dosage and lower price, thereby restricting the application market of the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy. If the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy can be subjected to iron reduction treatment, the aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard is obtained, and the aluminum-silicon alloy has great significance in the market capacity of products or in the economic value.
In the prior art, patent CN107794390A discloses a method for removing iron from regenerated Al-Si aluminum alloy, wherein strontium added in the method is subjected to modification treatment, so that needle-shaped beta-iron phases are broken and decomposed, primary crystal silicon is refined, and the tissue distribution is more uniform; manganese plays a positive correlation role in generating Fe 2 B by reacting boron with iron, and meanwhile, manganese converts a beta-iron phase into an alpha-iron phase to play a role in precipitation; the high-melting-point high-density Fe 2 B compound generated by the reaction of boron and impurity iron has high density difference with the melt, and the iron-rich phases are settled to the bottom of the crucible under the action of gravity, so that impurity iron element in the aluminum alloy is removed. The patent CN108165810A discloses a device and a process for removing iron and silicon phases in primary aluminum-silicon alloy by a one-step method, which adopts metal element manganese as an iron remover under the action of an alternating electromagnetic field, uniformly mixes with primary aluminum-silicon alloy raw materials, heats and melts, solidifies and concentrates silicon and iron-rich phases in the alloy at the bottom under the combined action of magnetic field force and temperature effect after cooling, pours out upper molten liquid, obtains aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting industrial standards after cooling and solidification, and finally remelts primary silicon phase and impurity iron phase at the bottom to obtain bottom alloy molten liquid. The method for separating the iron phase by gravity sedimentation has the defects of low separation efficiency, complex process, high production cost and the like, and is difficult to apply in actual production. Accordingly, there is a need for a related method and technique for cost-effective and efficient separation.
The patent CN110904340A discloses a method for centrifugally removing harmful elements and impurities in an iron-containing mixture, which comprises the steps of placing an aluminum-silicon-iron high-temperature molten mixture into a centrifugal rotating device, controlling the cooling speed of the molten mixture to be 0.1-160 ℃/min, and controlling the centrifugal temperature to be 700-2600 ℃ to separate out and grow silicon crystals; then, centrifugally separating the molten mixture in a hypergravity field to obtain silicon, wherein the hypergravity coefficient is 10-4500 g, and when the hypergravity field is applied, the temperature in the device is not lower than the centrifugal temperature and gradually cooling to solidify; under the action of centrifugal overweight force, the molten mixture is subjected to sedimentation and enrichment of substances such as intermetallic compounds of iron and the like at the periphery of the hypergravity field, and low-density substances such as oxides and the like are subjected to floating and enrichment at the inner layer of the hypergravity field, so that the metal product can be purified and decontaminated. The method introduces the hypergravity centrifugation into the separation of different phases, and the separation efficiency is greatly improved compared with the prior natural gravity separation. However, this process has a fatal problem: centrifugal separation is carried out in a high-temperature liquid state, and the high-temperature molten aluminum alloy liquid has extremely strong corrosiveness to various metal materials, so that it is difficult to find a material with high strength at high temperature and high-temperature aluminum liquid corrosion resistance at low cost. Therefore, the process cannot be effectively and practically applied on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading way. The method can effectively reduce the iron content in the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy, can produce the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for casting meeting the industrial requirements, can obtain the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizing agent, and can be used as industrial silicon for producing solar-grade polysilicon after pickling and impurity removal, without new solid waste discharge, thereby not only solving the problem of environmental load of high-alumina fly ash, realizing the comprehensive utilization of high-alumina fly ash resources, but also generating obvious economic benefit, meeting the national energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements, and having wide industrial application prospect.
The invention adopts the technical proposal for solving the technical problems that:
a method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing high-alumina fly ash and a carbonaceous reducing agent, adding an adhesive and water, fully and uniformly mixing, briquetting, drying to obtain dry briquettes, and then putting the dry briquettes into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction to obtain an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy melt;
(2) Casting the molten mass in a mould, controlling the cooling speed and time to separate out and grow alloy phase, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block;
(3) Loading the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, and heating to 580-650 ℃ to enable aluminum silicon to melt while primary crystal silicon and iron phases remain solid; starting a centrifugal machine, separating a melt through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity, cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy meeting the industrial standard for casting, wherein slag is a secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block;
(4) Continuously heating the secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block to 850-1050 ℃ to enable the iron phase to be melted and the primary crystal silicon to remain solid; starting a centrifugal machine, separating a melt through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity, cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizers, wherein slag is industrial silicon or aluminum-silicon alloy for casting conforming to industrial standards, so that the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is purified in a grading way.
In the method, the Gao Lvfen coal ash in the step (1) contains 30-60% of Al 2O3 by mass, 30-60% of SiO 2 by mass and less than or equal to 5% of Fe 2O3 by mass.
In the method, the particle sizes of the Gao Lvfen coal ash and the carbonaceous reducing agent in the step (1) are smaller than 100 meshes.
In the above method, the carbonaceous reducing agent in step (1) comprises one or more of coal, petroleum coke, calcined anthracite, coke and metallurgical coke.
In the method, the carbon content of the carbonaceous reducing agent in the step (1) is 90-95% of the carbon content required by the complete reaction of the metal oxide and the carbon in the fly ash.
In the method, the binder in the step (1) is added in an amount of 5-10% of the amount of the mixture, the briquetting pressure is 50-150 MPa, the briquetting drying temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the moisture of the dried pellets is not more than 1%.
In the method, the reduction reaction temperature in the electric arc furnace in the step (1) is 2200-2500 ℃.
In the method, after the temperature of the molten body in the step (2) is reduced to 1400 ℃, casting is carried out, and then the temperature is reduced to 580-1050 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30-120 min.
In the method, the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block in the step (3) is heated to 580-650 ℃, then is insulated for 60-300 min, the supergravity coefficient is 200-500 g, and the separation time is 5-15 min.
In the method, the secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block in the step (4) is heated to 850-1050 ℃ and then is insulated for 60-300 min, the supergravity coefficient is 200-500 g, and the separation time is 5-15 min.
In the method, the heating temperature in the step (4) is not higher than 900 ℃, and the slag is aluminum-silicon alloy for casting which meets the industrial standard; when the heating temperature is higher than 900 ℃, the slag is industrial silicon.
In the method, the porous filter plate in the steps (3) and (4) is an S310 high-temperature resistant stainless steel filter.
In the above method, the hypergravity separation in steps (3) and (4) is a continuous process or a batch process.
In the method, the steps (3) and (4) can not only produce aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial requirements, but also obtain aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizer, and the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is used as industrial silicon for producing solar grade polysilicon after acid washing and impurity removal.
The present invention has been completed based on the following facts:
1. In the cooling crystallization process of the aluminum-silicon-iron melt, the segregation purification principle of the aluminum-silicon-iron melt is utilized to enable purer silicon crystals to be separated out and grow up firstly, a cooling curve is controlled to enable a silicon atom arrangement structure to form regular crystals on a solid-liquid interface, and a unique framework structure formed by the regular growth of the separated silicon crystal atom arrangement is utilized; with the further reduction of the temperature, the needle-like or flake iron phase starts to crystallize out and forms a framework structure together with the crystalline silicon; and continuously cooling, and solidifying the molten aluminum-silicon alloy to form solid blocks in framework gaps formed by the silicon phase and the iron phase.
2. When the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block formed by cooling the aluminum-silicon-iron melt is reheated and melted, a specific low-temperature melting temperature can be selected according to the difference of melting temperatures of aluminum-silicon alloy, iron phase and primary silicon, so that the aluminum-silicon is melted while the primary silicon and the iron phase remain solid, and then the aluminum-silicon alloy block and the secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block which accord with the industrial use standard can be separated under the action of a hypergravity field; the secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block is further melted at high temperature, so that an iron phase is melted, primary crystal silicon still remains solid, and then aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizers and industrial silicon or aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting industrial standards are obtained through separation under the action of supergravity, so that the graded purification of the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is realized.
3. In the hypergravity centrifugation process, the skeleton structure formed by the flaky crystalline silicon (and needle-shaped or flaky iron phases during low-temperature filtration) is a good self-filtration device, so that the effective separation and filtration at the low-temperature and high-temperature stages are realized.
The invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that the high-alumina fly ash is used as the raw material, the limitation of the prior iron removal technology is overcome, the method is high-efficiency, environment-friendly and capable of realizing continuous and large-scale production, iron in the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy can be effectively separated, the aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard is obtained, meanwhile, the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizer and the industrial silicon for producing solar-grade polysilicon after acid washing and impurity removal are obtained, the problem of environmental load of the high-alumina fly ash is solved, the comprehensive utilization of high-alumina fly ash resources is realized, obvious economic benefits are generated, the national energy conservation and emission reduction requirements are met, and the method has great application value. The method is also suitable for the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy produced by low-grade bauxite and other non-bauxite renewable resources so as to improve the production benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase diagram of an aluminum-silicon-iron ternary alloy of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps:
Crushing high-alumina fly ash 1t and coal to a granularity smaller than 100 meshes, uniformly mixing to form a mixed material, wherein the mass fraction of Al 2O3 in the fly ash is 47.62%, the mass fraction of SiO 2 is 45.32%, the mass fraction of Fe 2O3 is 0.87%, the carbon content of the coal is 90% of the carbon amount required by the complete reaction of metal oxide in the fly ash and carbon, sequentially adding a sulfurous acid paper pulp binder with the mass of 6% and 10% of water in the mixed material for mixing, then drying and dehydrating the mixed material in a briquetting machine at the briquetting pressure of 100MPa at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain dry briquettes, requiring the water content not to exceed 1%, then placing the dry briquettes into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, cooling the obtained aluminium-silicon-iron alloy melt to the smelting temperature of 2200-2500 ℃, casting in a mould, cooling to 850 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain 497.53kg of first-stage aluminium-silicon-iron alloy blocks. The mass fraction of Al in the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block is 51.09%, the mass fraction of Si is 42.86%, and the mass fraction of Fe is 3.70%. As shown in figure 1, the alloy phase diagram of the invention shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 950-1000 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly precipitated and grown up, as the cooling temperature is reduced, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phases start to crystallize out, the temperature is continuously reduced to below 577 ℃, and the molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in framework gaps formed by the silicon phases to form solid blocks.
100Kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks are put into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heated to 650 ℃, kept at a temperature for 180 minutes, melted to enable primary silicon and iron phases to remain solid, started up to a centrifugal machine, the hypergravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10 minutes, under the hypergravity effect, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, and the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain 53.18kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.65%, the mass fraction of Si is 13.35%, and the slag is 46.82kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks; and continuously heating 46.82kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 180min, enabling an iron phase to be melted and primary silicon to remain solid, starting a centrifugal machine, enabling a hypergravity coefficient to be 212g, enabling a separation time to be 10min, enabling a melt to be separated through a porous filter plate under the hypergravity effect, and cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain 25.93kg of aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizers, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 12.69%, the mass fraction of Si is 57.74%, the mass fraction of slag is 20.89kg of industrial silicon, and the purity of the industrial silicon is 99.52%.
Example 2
A method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps:
Crushing high-alumina fly ash 1t and coal to a granularity smaller than 100 meshes, uniformly mixing to form a mixed material, wherein the mass fraction of Al 2O3 in the fly ash is 47.62%, the mass fraction of SiO 2 is 45.32%, the mass fraction of Fe 2O3 is 0.87%, the carbon content of the coal is 90% of the carbon amount required by the complete reaction of metal oxide in the fly ash and carbon, sequentially adding a sulfurous acid paper pulp binder with the mass of 6% and 10% of water in the mixed material to mix, preparing the mixed material into pellets in a briquetting machine, drying and dehydrating the prepared pellets at 120 ℃ under the briquetting pressure of 100MPa to obtain dry pellets, and the water content is required to be not more than 1%; and then placing the dry agglomerate into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the smelting temperature is 2200-2500 ℃, when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 1400 ℃, casting is carried out in a mould, then 2 ℃/min is reduced to 700 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min at the temperature, and then the temperature is reduced continuously to obtain 497.53kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks. The mass fraction of Al in the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block is 51.09%, the mass fraction of Si is 42.86%, and the mass fraction of Fe is 3.70%. As shown in figure 1, the alloy phase diagram of the invention shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 950-1000 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly precipitated and grown up, as the cooling temperature is reduced, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phases start to crystallize out, the temperature is continuously reduced to below 577 ℃, and the molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in framework gaps formed by the silicon phases to form solid blocks.
100Kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks are put into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heated to 650 ℃, kept at a temperature for 180 minutes, melted to enable primary silicon and iron phases to remain solid, started up to a centrifugal machine, the hypergravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10 minutes, under the hypergravity effect, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, and the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain 52.10kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.35%, the mass fraction of Si is 11.52%, and the slag is 47.90kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks; heating 47.90kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 180min, enabling an iron phase to be melted and primary silicon to remain solid, starting a centrifugal machine, enabling a hypergravity coefficient to be 212g, enabling a separation time to be 10min, enabling a melt to be separated through a porous filter plate under the hypergravity effect, and cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain 21.97kg of aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizers, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 15.24%, the mass fraction of Si is 64.85%, the mass fraction of slag is 25.93kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting industrial standards, the mass fraction of Fe is 0.65%, and the mass fraction of Si is 87.20%.
Example 3
A method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps:
Crushing high-alumina fly ash 1t and coal to a granularity smaller than 100 meshes, uniformly mixing to form a mixed material, wherein the mass fraction of Al 2O3 in the fly ash is 47.62%, the mass fraction of SiO 2 is 45.32%, the mass fraction of Fe 2O3 is 0.87%, the carbon content of the coal is 90% of the carbon amount required by the complete reaction of metal oxide in the fly ash and carbon, sequentially adding a sulfurous acid paper pulp binder with the mass of 6% and 10% of water in the mixed material to mix, preparing the mixed material into pellets in a briquetting machine, drying and dehydrating the prepared pellets at 120 ℃ under the briquetting pressure of 100MPa to obtain dry pellets, and the water content is required to be not more than 1%; and then placing the dry agglomerate into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the smelting temperature is 2200-2500 ℃, when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 1400 ℃, casting is carried out in a mould, then 2 ℃/min is reduced to 700 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min at the temperature, and then the temperature is reduced continuously to obtain 497.53kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks. The mass fraction of Al in the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block is 51.09%, the mass fraction of Si is 42.86%, and the mass fraction of Fe is 3.70%. As shown in figure 1, the alloy phase diagram of the invention shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 950-1000 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly precipitated and grown up, as the cooling temperature is reduced, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phases start to crystallize out, the temperature is continuously reduced to below 577 ℃, and the molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in framework gaps formed by the silicon phases to form solid blocks.
Loading 100kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 300min, enabling aluminum-silicon to melt while primary silicon and iron phases remain solid, starting the centrifugal machine, enabling the hypergravity coefficient to be 212g, and separating for 10min, wherein under the action of hypergravity, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, and cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain 52.95kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting, which meets the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.42%, the mass fraction of Si is 11.79%, and the slag is 47.05kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks; and continuously heating 47.05kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 300min, melting an iron phase while primary silicon remains solid, starting a centrifugal machine, wherein the hypergravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10min, separating the melt through a porous filter plate under the hypergravity effect, and cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain 22.42kg of aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizer, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 14.78%, the mass fraction of Si is 67.86%, the mass fraction of slag is 24.63kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, the mass fraction of Fe is 0.67%, and the mass fraction of Si is 86.90%.
Example 4
A method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps:
Crushing high-alumina fly ash 1t and coal to a granularity smaller than 100 meshes, uniformly mixing to form a mixed material, wherein the mass fraction of Al 2O3 in the fly ash is 48.90%, the mass fraction of SiO 2 is 39.20%, the mass fraction of Fe 2O3 is 0.65%, the carbon content of the coal is 90% of the carbon amount required by the complete reaction of metal oxide in the fly ash and carbon, sequentially adding a sulfurous acid paper pulp binder with the mass of 6% and 10% of water in the mixed material to mix, preparing the mixed material into pellets in a briquetting machine, drying and dehydrating the prepared pellets at 120 ℃ under the briquetting pressure of 100MPa to obtain dry pellets, and the water content is required to be not more than 1%; and then placing the dry agglomerate into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the smelting temperature is 2200-2500 ℃, when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 1400 ℃, casting is carried out in a mould, then 5 ℃/min is reduced to 700 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min at the temperature, and then the temperature is reduced continuously to obtain 483.65kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks. The mass fraction of Al in the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block is 54.96%, the mass fraction of Si is 38.84%, and the mass fraction of Fe is 2.90%. As shown in figure 1, the alloy phase diagram of the invention shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 900-950 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly precipitated and grown up, as the cooling temperature is reduced, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phases start to crystallize out, the temperature is continuously reduced to below 577 ℃, and the molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in framework gaps formed by the silicon phases to form solid blocks.
100Kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks are put into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heated to 650 ℃, kept at the temperature for 180 minutes, melted to enable primary silicon and iron phases to remain solid, the centrifugal device is started, the hypergravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10 minutes, under the action of hypergravity, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, and the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain 51.86kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.39%, the mass fraction of Si is 11.10%, and the slag is 48.14kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks; heating 48.14kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks to 1000 ℃, preserving heat at the temperature for 180min to enable iron phases to be melted and primary silicon to remain solid, starting a centrifugal machine, enabling a hypergravity coefficient to be 212g, enabling separation time to be 10min, enabling a melt to be separated through a porous filter plate under the hypergravity effect, and cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain 32.00kg of aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizers, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 8.28%, the mass fraction of Si is 53.18%, the mass fraction of slag is 16.14kg of industrial silicon, and the purity of the industrial silicon is 99.55%.
Example 5
A method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps:
Crushing high-alumina fly ash 1t and coal to a granularity smaller than 100 meshes, uniformly mixing to form a mixed material, wherein the mass fraction of Al 2O3 in fly ash components is 48.90%, the mass fraction of SiO 2 is 39.20%, the mass fraction of Fe 2O3 is 0.65%, the carbon content of the coal is 90% of the carbon amount required by the complete reaction of metal oxide in the fly ash and carbon, sequentially adding a sulfurous acid paper pulp binder with the mass of 6% and 10% of water in the mixed material to mix, preparing the mixed material into pellets in a briquetting machine, wherein the briquetting pressure is 100MPa, drying and dehydrating the prepared pellets at 120 ℃ to obtain dry pellets, and the water content is required to be not more than 1%; and then placing the dry agglomerate into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the smelting temperature is 2200-2500 ℃, when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 1400 ℃, casting is carried out in a mould, then 5 ℃/min is reduced to 850 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60min, and then the temperature is reduced continuously to obtain 482.89kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks. The mass fraction of Al in the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block is 54.96%, the mass fraction of Si is 38.84%, and the mass fraction of Fe is 2.90%. As shown in figure 1, the alloy phase diagram of the invention shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 900-950 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly precipitated and grown up, as the cooling temperature is reduced, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phases start to crystallize out, the temperature is continuously reduced to below 577 ℃, and the molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in framework gaps formed by the silicon phases to form solid blocks.
100Kg of primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks are put into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heated to 600 ℃, kept at the temperature for 180 minutes, melted to enable primary silicon and iron phases to remain solid, the centrifugal device is started, the hypergravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10 minutes, under the action of hypergravity, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, and the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain 52.89kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.67%, the mass fraction of Si is 12.24%, and the slag is 47.11kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks; heating 47.11kg of secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 180min, enabling an iron phase to be melted and primary silicon to remain solid, starting a centrifugal machine, enabling a hypergravity coefficient to be 212g, enabling a separation time to be 10min, enabling a melt to be separated through a porous filter plate under the hypergravity effect, and cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain 21.11kg of aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizers, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 11.21%, the mass fraction of Si is 44.25%, the mass fraction of slag is 26.00kg of aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting industrial standards, the mass fraction of Fe is 0.69%, and the mass fraction of Si is 88.56%.
The present application has been described in terms of embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that various changes can be made to the features and embodiments, or equivalents can be substituted, without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the application without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the application not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the application will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using the high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Crushing high-alumina fly ash and a carbonaceous reducing agent, adding an adhesive and water, fully and uniformly mixing, briquetting, drying to obtain dry briquettes, and then putting the dry briquettes into an electric arc furnace for reduction reaction to obtain an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy melt; (2) Cooling the molten mass to 1400 ℃ to perform casting in a mould, controlling the cooling speed and time, cooling to 580-1050 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-120 min, precipitating and growing alloy phase, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block; (3) Loading the primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block into a hypergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, heating to 580-650 ℃ and preserving heat for 60-300 min, so that aluminum silicon is melted while primary crystal silicon and iron phases remain solid; starting a centrifugal machine, wherein the supergravity coefficient is 200-500 g, the separation time is 5-15 min, under the supergravity effect, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, and the slag is a secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block; (4) Continuously heating the secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block to 850-1050 ℃ and preserving heat for 60-300 min to enable the iron phase to be melted and the primary crystal silicon to remain solid; starting the centrifugal machine, wherein the supergravity coefficient is 200-500 g, the separation time is 5-15 min, under the supergravity effect, the melt is separated through a porous filter plate, the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy for deoxidizer is obtained after the melt is cooled and solidified, and the slag is industrial silicon or aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, so that the graded purification of the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is realized.
2. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and carrying out fractional purification by using high-alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the high-alumina fly ash comprises 30-60% by mass of Al 2O3, 30-60% by mass of SiO 2 and less than or equal to 5% by mass of Fe 2O3.
3. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner by using high-alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the granularity of the high-alumina fly ash and the granularity of the carbonaceous reducing agent are smaller than 100 meshes.
4. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner by using high-alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the carbonaceous reducing agent comprises one or more of coal, petroleum coke, calcined anthracite, coke and metallurgical coke.
5. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the carbon content of the carbonaceous reducing agent is 90-95% of the carbon amount required by the complete reaction of metal oxide and carbon in the fly ash.
6. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and carrying out fractional purification according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the binder is added in an amount of 5-10% of the amount of the mixed material, the briquetting pressure is 50-150 MPa, the briquetting drying temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the moisture of the dried pellets is not more than 1%.
7. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and purifying the same in a grading manner by using high-alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the reduction reaction temperature in the electric arc furnace is 2200-2500 ℃.
8. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and purifying the same in a grading manner by using high-alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the heating temperature is not higher than 900 ℃, the slag is aluminum-silicon alloy for casting which meets the industrial standard; when the heating temperature is higher than 900 ℃, the slag is industrial silicon.
9. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and purifying the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner by using high-alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (3) and (4), the porous filter plate is an S310 high-temperature resistant stainless steel filter.
10. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and purifying it in a classified manner by using high alumina fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the hypergravity separation is a continuous process or a batch process in steps (3) and (4).
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