CN114480867A - Method for remelting centrifugal magnetic separation and graded purification of ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for remelting centrifugal magnetic separation and graded purification of ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
- C22B9/023—By filtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and purifying ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy in a grading way, which comprises the following steps: (1) putting the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature smelting to obtain a ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy melt; (2) casting the melt in a mould, and controlling the cooling speed and time to obtain a first-grade ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy block; (3) loading the alloy blocks into a heatable supergravity centrifugal device, heating at low temperature, and cooling and solidifying the molten liquid after passing through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein the molten slag is a secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block; (4) crushing the alloy block, heating in a high temperature furnace with introduced water vapor, cooling to solidify, and magnetically separating to obtain Al-Si alloy containing oxide impurity and ferromagnetic substance; (5) and refining the aluminum-silicon alloy containing impurities to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy or the industrial silicon. The method has the advantages of simple and quick flow, low cost and no secondary pollution, realizes the graded purification of the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy, obtains various high-grade products, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting, and particularly relates to a method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and purifying an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner.
Background
With the progress of smelting technology and the development of power industry, the aluminum industry is rapidly developed in China. At present, the aluminum alloy is obtained by a method of mixing pure aluminum and other metals, and high-grade bauxite resources are needed for producing the pure aluminum. At present, bauxite resources are in short supply in China, and the shortage of the bauxite resources not only can increase the production cost, but also directly influences the production. Therefore, actively exploiting the non-traditional aluminum minerals to produce the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy has very important social and economic significance for promoting the sustainable development of the aluminum industry.
At present, two methods, namely a blending method and an electrothermal reduction method, are generally adopted for producing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy. The blending method is to take aluminum ingot, industrial silicon or ferrosilicon as raw materials, and the aluminum ingot, the industrial silicon or the ferrosilicon are melted and mixed according to proportion to prepare the alloy. However, the method has the advantages of long production flow, complex process, high production cost, large energy consumption and great influence on the environment. The electrothermal reduction method is to prepare the alloy by taking oxides containing aluminum, silicon and iron as raw materials and carbonaceous materials as reducing agents and carrying out reduction smelting in an electric arc furnace. The method can shorten the process flow, reduce the production cost, and utilize non-bauxite resources such as clay, kaolinite, kyanite, coal gangue, fly ash and the like, thereby conforming to the characteristics of the aluminum ore resources in China. However, the Al-Si-Fe alloy prepared by the method has high iron content and often exists in a brittle iron-rich intermetallic compound form, so that the Al-Si-Fe alloy is mainly used as a steelmaking deoxidizer and is widely applied to steel plants. Because the steel-making deoxidizer has limited dosage and low price, the application market of the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy is restricted. If the ferroaluminum alloy can be subjected to iron reduction treatment, the ferroaluminum alloy can be used as a casting silicon-aluminum alloy which has higher value and meets the industrial requirements, and has great significance undoubtedly in the market capacity of products and also in the economic value.
In the prior art, patent CN107794390A discloses a method for removing iron from a regenerated Al-Si series aluminum alloy, wherein strontium added in the method is subjected to modification treatment, so that a needle-shaped beta-iron phase is broken and decomposed, primary crystal silicon is refined, and the tissue distribution is more uniform; manganese reacts with boron and iron to produce Fe2B plays a positive correlation role, and meanwhile, manganese enables a beta-iron phase to be converted into an alpha-iron phase to play a role in precipitation; produced by reacting boron with iron impurityHigh melting point and high density Fe2The B compound has high density difference with the melt, and the iron-rich phases sink to the bottom of the crucible under the action of gravity, so that impurity iron elements in the aluminum alloy are removed. Patent CN108165810A discloses a "device and process for removing iron and silicon phases in primary aluminum-silicon alloy by one-step method", in the method, under the action of an alternating electromagnetic field, manganese as a metal element is adopted as an iron removing agent, the iron removing agent is uniformly mixed with a primary aluminum-silicon alloy raw material, the mixture is heated and melted, after cooling, silicon and an iron-rich phase in the alloy are solidified and enriched at the bottom under the combined action of magnetic field force and temperature effect, the upper molten liquid is poured out, the aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard is obtained after cooling and solidification, and finally, the bottom alloy molten liquid is obtained after remelting a primary crystal silicon phase and an impurity iron phase at the bottom. The method for separating the iron phase by gravity settling has the defects of low separation efficiency, complex process, high production cost and the like, and is difficult to apply in actual production. Therefore, a need exists for a low cost, efficient separation method and technique.
The patent CN110904340A discloses a method for centrifugally removing harmful elements and impurities in an iron-containing mixture, wherein an aluminum silicon iron high-temperature molten mixture is placed into a centrifugal rotating device, the cooling speed of the molten mixture is controlled to be 0.1-160 ℃/min, the centrifugal temperature is controlled to be 700-2600 ℃, and silicon crystals are precipitated and grow; then, carrying out centrifugal separation on the high gravity field made from the molten mixture in the device to obtain silicon, wherein the high gravity coefficient is 10-4500 g, the temperature in the device is not lower than the centrifugal temperature when the high gravity field is applied, and gradually cooling to solidification; under the action of centrifugal gravity, the intermetallic compound of iron and other matters are deposited and enriched in the outer part of the supergravity field while the low-density matter of oxide and other matters float and are enriched in the inner layer of the supergravity field, so that the metal product is purified. The method introduces supergravity centrifugation into separation of different phases, and greatly improves the separation efficiency compared with the prior natural gravity separation. However, this process has a fatal problem: centrifugal separation is carried out under high-temperature liquid state, and high-temperature molten aluminum alloy liquid has extremely strong corrosivity on various metal materials, so that it is difficult to find a material which has high strength at high temperature and can resist high-temperature aluminum liquid corrosion at low cost. Therefore, the process cannot be effectively applied in a large-scale manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and purifying an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy in a grading manner. The method can realize the high-efficiency separation of the iron-rich phase in the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy, obtain the casting aluminum-silicon alloy with higher added value and meeting the market requirement, and acid-wash the aluminum-silicon alloy to remove impurities and then use the aluminum-silicon alloy as industrial silicon for producing solar-grade polysilicon, realizes the maximization of the resource utilization rate, has the characteristics of simple and rapid process, low cost and no secondary pollution, and is suitable for large-scale production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a remelting centrifugal magnetic separation method for purifying Al-Si-Fe alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature smelting to obtain a ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy melt;
(2) casting the molten mass in a mould, controlling the cooling speed and time to separate out and grow an alloy phase, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a first-grade ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy block;
(3) loading the first-stage Al-Si-Fe alloy block into a supergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, and heating at low temperature to melt aluminum silicon and keep primary crystal silicon and iron phases in a solid state; starting a centrifugal machine, separating the melt through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity, cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, wherein the slag is a secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block;
(4) crushing the second-stage Al-Si-Fe alloy block, heating in a high-temperature furnace with introduced steam, cooling and solidifying, and magnetically separating to obtain Al-Si alloy containing oxide impurities and ferromagnetic substances;
(5) and refining the aluminum-silicon alloy containing impurities to remove impurities to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy or industrial silicon, thereby realizing the graded purification of the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy.
In the method, the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy in the step (1) is prepared from an aluminum-containing mineral through a metallurgical process, wherein the aluminum-containing mineral is aluminum-containing waste residue or a low-grade aluminum ore resource, the main components of the aluminum-containing waste residue are alumina and silica, and the aluminum-containing waste residue comprises one or a mixture of more of bauxite magnetic separation tailings, coal gangue, fly ash, shale slag and the like; the low-grade aluminum ore resource refers to one or more of bauxite, kaolinite, albite, potassium feldspar and the like with low aluminum-silicon ratio.
In the method, the content range of the components of the sendust in the step (1) is as follows: 10-90% of Al, 10-90% of Si and 0.7-10% of Fe.
In the method, the melting temperature in the intermediate frequency furnace in the step (1) is 1400-1600 ℃.
In the method, after the melt in the step (2) is cast, the temperature is reduced to 580-1050 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is preserved for 30-120 min.
In the method, the first-stage sendust alloy block in the step (3) is heated to 580-650 ℃ and then is subjected to heat preservation for 60-300 min, the hypergravity coefficient is 200-500 g, and the separation time is 5-15 min.
In the method, the porous filter plate adopted in the step (3) is an S310 high-temperature resistant stainless steel filter.
In the above method, the supergravity separation in step (3) is a continuous process or an intermittent batch process.
In the method, the steam introduction amount in the step (4) is 100-150 ml/min, the heating temperature is 800-950 ℃, the heating time is 30-120 min, and the magnetic field intensity is 0.02-1.0T.
In the method, the refining temperature in the step (4) is 1200-1300 ℃, and the refining time is 25-30 min.
In the method, the steps (3) and (4) not only can produce the casting aluminum-silicon alloy meeting the industrial requirements, but also can obtain the industrial silicon which is used for producing solar grade polysilicon after acid washing and impurity removal.
The present invention is accomplished based on the following facts:
1. in the process of cooling and crystallizing the ferro-silicon-aluminum melt, the segregation purification principle of the ferro-silicon-aluminum melt is utilized to separate out and grow purer silicon crystals, the cooling curve is controlled to enable the silicon atom arrangement structure to form regular crystals on a solid-liquid interface, and the unique framework structure formed by the regular growth of the silicon atom arrangement structure is utilized; with the further reduction of the temperature, the needle-shaped or flake-shaped iron phase begins to crystallize out and forms a framework structure together with the crystalline silicon; and continuously cooling, and solidifying the molten aluminum-silicon alloy to form a solid block in a framework gap formed by a silicon phase and an iron phase.
2. When a primary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block formed by cooling an aluminum-silicon-iron melt is heated and melted, a specific low-temperature melting temperature can be selected due to the difference of melting temperatures of aluminum-silicon alloy, an iron phase and primary silicon, so that aluminum-silicon is melted and the primary silicon and the iron phase still keep solid states, and then the aluminum-silicon alloy block and the secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block for casting can be separated into aluminum-silicon alloy blocks and secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks which meet industrial use standards under the action of a high gravity field; and gasifying an iron phase in the second-stage Al-Si-Fe alloy block by water vapor to convert iron and aluminum into ferroferric oxide and aluminum oxide, separating the magnetic ferroferric oxide from nonmagnetic aluminum oxide and aluminum-silicon alloy by magnetic separation, and refining nonmagnetic substances to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial use standard.
3. In the process of the supergravity centrifugation, the skeleton formed by the flaky crystalline silicon and the needle-shaped or flaky iron phase forms a good self-filtering device, so that effective separation and filtration at a low temperature stage are realized.
The invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy produced by aluminum-containing minerals through a metallurgical process is used as a raw material, the limitation of the existing iron removal technology is overcome, the method is efficient and environment-friendly, the iron-rich phase in the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy can be efficiently separated, the aluminum-silicon alloy for casting with higher added value and meeting the market requirements is obtained, and the industrial silicon used for producing solar-grade polysilicon after pickling and impurity removal is obtained, so that the resource utilization rate is maximized, the national requirements on energy conservation and emission reduction are met, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase diagram of the aluminum-silicon-iron ternary alloy of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A remelting centrifugal magnetic separation method for purifying the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps, wherein the process flow chart is shown in figure 2:
putting 100kg of ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature smelting, wherein the melting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, and the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy comprises 51.84 mass percent of Al, 44.01 mass percent of Si and 2.70 mass percent of Fe in the components to obtain a ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy melt; and (3) casting the molten mass in a mould, then cooling to 830 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min at the temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a first-grade ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy block. As shown in figure 1, the phase diagram of the alloy shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 950-1000 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly separated out and grow, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the cooling temperature, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, a needle-shaped or flaky iron phase begins to crystallize, the temperature is continuously reduced to be lower than 577 ℃, and molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in a framework gap formed by the silicon phase to form a solid block.
100kg of first-grade aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks are put into a supergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, the temperature is maintained for 180min after the first-grade aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks are heated to 650 ℃, aluminum silicon is melted, primary silicon and iron phases are still kept in a solid state, a centrifugal machine is started, the supergravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10min, under the supergravity action, melt is separated through a porous filter plate, the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain 54.21kg of casting aluminum-silicon alloy meeting the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.55%, the mass fraction of Si is 12.23%, and the slag is 45.79kg of second-grade aluminum-silicon-iron alloy blocks.
45.79kg of secondary Al-Si-Fe alloy blocks are put into a ball mill to be crushed and put into a high-temperature furnace into which steam is introduced to be heated, wherein the introduction amount of the steam is 100ml/min, the heating temperature is 850 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, after cooling and solidification, magnetic separation is carried out under the magnetic field strength of 0.25T, ferromagnetic substances are separated from the Al-Si alloy containing oxide impurities, then the Al-Si alloy containing the impurities is refined and decontaminated, wherein the refining temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the refining time is 25-30 min, and 41.89kg of casting Al-Si alloy meeting the industrial standard is obtained, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.68%, and the mass fraction of Si is 89.23%.
Example 2
A remelting centrifugal magnetic separation method for purifying the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy in a grading way comprises the following steps, wherein the process flow chart is shown in figure 2:
putting 100kg of ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature smelting, wherein the melting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, and the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy comprises 51.84 mass percent of Al, 44.01 mass percent of Si and 2.70 mass percent of Fe in the components to obtain a ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy melt; and (3) casting the molten mass in a mould, then cooling to 700 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min at the temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a first-grade ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy block. As shown in figure 1, the phase diagram of the alloy shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 950-1000 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly separated out and grow, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the cooling temperature, when the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, a needle-shaped or flaky iron phase begins to crystallize, the temperature is continuously reduced to be lower than 577 ℃, and molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in skeleton gaps formed by the silicon phase to form solid blocks.
100kg of first-stage ferro-aluminum-silicon alloy blocks are put into a supergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, the temperature is maintained for 300min after the first-stage ferro-aluminum-silicon alloy blocks are heated to 650 ℃, aluminum silicon is melted, primary silicon and iron phases are still kept solid, a centrifugal machine is started, the super-gravity coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10min, under the action of supergravity, melt is separated through a porous filter plate, and the melt is cooled and solidified to obtain 50.92kg of casting aluminum-silicon alloy meeting the industrial standard, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.41%, the mass fraction of Si is 11.75%, and the slag is 49.08kg of second-stage ferro-aluminum-silicon alloy blocks.
Putting 49.08kg of secondary Al-Si-Fe alloy blocks into a ball mill for crushing, putting the crushed blocks into a high-temperature furnace into which steam is introduced for heating, wherein the introduction amount of the steam is 150ml/min, the heating temperature is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, after cooling and solidification, carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 0.50T, separating ferromagnetic substances from aluminum-silicon alloy containing oxide impurities, and then carrying out refining and impurity removal on the aluminum-silicon alloy containing the impurities, wherein the refining temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the refining time is 25-30 min, so that 40.22kg of industrial silicon is obtained, and the purity of the industrial silicon is 94.55%.
Example 3
A remelting centrifugal magnetic separation graded purification method of ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy is shown in figure 2, and comprises the following steps:
putting 100kg of ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature smelting, wherein the melting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, and the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy comprises 53.46 mass percent of Al, 39.43 mass percent of Si and 5.20 mass percent of Fe to obtain a ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy melt; and (3) casting the molten mass in a mould, then cooling to 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min at the temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a first-grade ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy block. As shown in figure 1, the phase diagram of the alloy shows that when the cooling temperature is reduced to 900-950 ℃, silicon crystals are firstly separated out and grow, the silicon content in the melt is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the cooling temperature, when the temperature is reduced to 800-850 ℃, a needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phase begins to crystallize, the temperature is continuously reduced to be lower than 577 ℃, and molten aluminum-silicon alloy is solidified and exists in skeleton gaps formed by the silicon phase to form solid blocks.
100kg of first-grade Al-Si-Fe alloy blocks are put into a supergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, the temperature is kept for 180min after the first-grade Al-Si-Fe alloy blocks are heated to 650 ℃, so that Al-Si is melted and primary silicon and an iron phase are still kept in a solid state, a centrifugal machine is started, the overweight coefficient is 212g, the separation time is 10min, a melt is separated through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity, 52.13kg of casting Al-Si alloy meeting the industrial standard is obtained after the melt is cooled and solidified, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.37%, the mass fraction of Si is 11.09%, and the slag is 47.87kg of second-grade Al-Si-Fe alloy blocks.
Putting 47.87kg of secondary aluminum silicon iron alloy blocks into a ball mill for crushing, putting the crushed blocks into a high-temperature furnace into which steam is introduced for heating, wherein the introduction amount of the steam is 150ml/min, the heating temperature is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, after cooling and solidification, carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 0.50T, separating ferromagnetic substances from aluminum silicon alloy containing oxide impurities, and then carrying out refining and impurity removal on the aluminum silicon alloy containing the impurities, wherein the refining temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the refining time is 25-30 min, so that 40.25kg of casting aluminum silicon alloy meeting the industrial standard is obtained, wherein the mass fraction of Fe is 0.65%, and the mass fraction of Si is 83.60%.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A remelting centrifugal magnetic separation method for purifying Al-Si-Fe alloy in a grading way is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) putting the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature smelting to obtain a ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy melt; (2) casting the molten mass in a mould, controlling the cooling speed and time to separate out and grow an alloy phase, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a first-grade ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy block; (3) loading the first-stage Al-Si-Fe alloy block into a supergravity centrifugal device with a heating device, and heating at low temperature to melt aluminum silicon and keep primary crystal silicon and iron phases in a solid state; starting a centrifugal machine, separating the melt through a porous filter plate under the action of supergravity, cooling and solidifying the melt to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy for casting meeting the industrial standard, wherein the slag is a secondary aluminum-silicon-iron alloy block; (4) crushing the second-stage Al-Si-Fe alloy block, heating in a high-temperature furnace with introduced steam, cooling and solidifying, and magnetically separating to obtain Al-Si alloy containing oxide impurities and ferromagnetic substances; (5) and refining the aluminum-silicon alloy containing impurities to remove impurities to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy or industrial silicon, thereby realizing the graded purification of the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy.
2. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and classifying and purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sendust alloy is prepared from an aluminum-containing mineral through a metallurgical process, the aluminum-containing mineral is an aluminum-containing waste residue or a low-grade aluminum ore resource, wherein the aluminum-containing waste residue mainly comprises alumina and silica, and comprises one or a mixture of more of bauxite magnetic separation tailings, coal gangue, fly ash, shale slag and the like; the low-grade aluminum ore resource refers to one or more of bauxite, kaolinite, albite, potassium feldspar and the like with low aluminum-silicon ratio.
3. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and classifying and purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sendust alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-90% of Al, 10-90% of Si and 0.7-10% of Fe.
4. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and classifying and purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the melting temperature in the intermediate frequency furnace is 1400-1600 ℃.
5. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and grading the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the molten mass is reduced to 580-1050 ℃ at a speed of 1-20 ℃/min after casting, and the temperature is maintained for 30-120 min.
6. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and fractionally purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the primary sendust alloy block is heated to 580-650 ℃ and then is subjected to heat preservation for 60-300 min, the hypergravity coefficient is 200-500 g, and the separation time is 5-15 min.
7. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and classifying and purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the porous filter plate is an S310 high-temperature resistant stainless steel filter.
8. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and classifying and purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the hypergravity separation is a continuous process or an intermittent batch process.
9. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and fractionally purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the steam is introduced in an amount of 100 to 150ml/min, the heating temperature is 800 to 950 ℃, the heating time is 30 to 120min, and the magnetic field intensity is 0.02 to 1.0T.
10. The method for remelting, centrifuging, magnetically separating and fractionally purifying the sendust alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the refining temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, and the refining time is 25-30 min.
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