CN114479974A - Resource utilization method for preparing biomass granular fuel by using pig breeding solid waste - Google Patents
Resource utilization method for preparing biomass granular fuel by using pig breeding solid waste Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a resource utilization method for preparing biomass granular fuel by using pig breeding solid waste, which comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out preliminary dehydration on the pig breeding solid waste; step 2, drying the preliminarily dehydrated live pig breeding solid waste; and 3, carrying out molding treatment on the dried pig breeding solid waste to obtain the biomass granular fuel. The method provided by the invention is rapid and efficient, has low treatment cost, effectively reduces the volume of the pig manure residues, and can thoroughly solve the problem of treatment of the pig manure waste in large-scale pig farms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry breeding solid waste, in particular to a quick and efficient livestock and poultry manure dehydration and compression molding recycling method, and particularly relates to a resource utilization method for preparing biomass granular fuel by using live pig breeding solid waste.
Background
In recent years, the pig breeding industry in China rapidly develops towards large-scale and intensive directions, provides material resources for people, causes environmental pollution beyond natural degradation capability, and brings heavy pressure to the environment. The national first pollution source census bulletin released by the ministry of environmental protection, the national statistical administration and the ministry of agriculture show that the pollution emission of livestock and poultry breeding becomes one of the most important pollution sources in China. According to the statistical data of 2017, the annual live pig slaughtering rate of China reaches 6.88 hundred million, and the pig manure is generated by 35.6 million tons according to estimation of related formulas, the comprehensive utilization rate of the pig manure is less than 60%, the harmless rate is less than 50%, and the problem of environmental pollution of the live pig breeding waste is gradually highlighted under the condition that the resource utilization rate and the harmless disposal rate are not high.
The treatment of the live pig breeding solid waste is one of important links of agricultural sustainable development, on one hand, live pig breeding excrement contains a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms such as escherichia coli and parasitic ova, and the water body safety is seriously threatened without harmless treatment; the excrement also contains nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like which seriously exceed the standard, and is one of important factors causing water eutrophication, the fresh live pig breeding excrement contains more water, and after the high-concentration live pig breeding sewage enters the water body, the content of dissolved oxygen in the water can be reduced, toxic components are increased, and the water body is blackened and smelled seriously, so that persistent organic matter pollution is caused, and the original water body loses the use function.
The pig breeding waste mainly comprises excrement, waste water in the breeding process, waste feed, slaughter waste, malodorous gas generated in a pigsty and the like. Generally, live pigs eat 5 jin of feed each day to produce 2.5 jin of manure, and the pig manure residues after dry-wet separation are the breeding waste with the largest production amount. The main component of the pig manure residues is the undigested feed residues of the live pigs, and the pig manure residues mainly contain organic components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like.
At present, the following methods are mainly used for treating the pig manure:
the first is a traditional utilization mode, namely direct organic fertilization, which can effectively reduce the using amount of chemical fertilizers, improve soil and increase yield, but because the seasonal contradiction exists between the uniform production mode of pig manure and the fertilization, the absorption capacity of farmlands and woodlands within the transport radius of a farm is limited, and the increase of long-distance transport can cause the price of agricultural fertilizers to be too high, so that the method is not suitable for waste disposal of large-scale pig farms.
The second mode is to utilize the circulation land of a large-scale farm to consume the composted pig manure in the land, so that the problems of long composting period and easy non-point source pollution exist, more importantly, valuable land resources are occupied, and the agricultural plantation personnel are required to apply the composted pig manure residues to the farmland regularly, so that the consumption of manpower and material resources is large.
The third mode is a biochar utilization mode, and the main solid in the pig manure residues is lignin and other substances which are difficult to digest and utilize in the feed, and the biochar can be formed after dehydration and high-temperature carbonization. However, the existing biochar treatment equipment is large in investment, has high requirements on environment-friendly treatment of tar and pyrolysis flue gas, and can be applied only in large-scale pig farms.
The fourth is the mode of energy utilization. The energy source mode is mainly to generate methane (marsh gas) through anaerobic reaction, and the marsh gas is used as gaseous fuel. However, in view of the actual situation in China, the energy utilization of pig manure is not successful when a methane tank is built in rural areas. The methane tank mainly aims at distributed pig breeding, needs regular maintenance and cleaning and further treats methane slag. At present, the pig industry mainly takes a large-scale farm operation mode as a main mode, the problem of methane tank energy regeneration also exists in a composting mode, the method is not suitable for a region with limited land area, and the problems of harmlessness and recycling of pig manure cannot be thoroughly solved.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is urgently needed to provide a method for recycling the solid waste generated in pig breeding, which is rapid, efficient and low in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and designs a resource utilization method for preparing biomass granular fuel by using the live pig breeding solid waste, and the method adopts the sequence of electroosmosis dehydration and hot blast drying for drying the live pig breeding solid waste, thereby being rapid, efficient and energy-saving; the method has the advantages that the peculiar smell removing device is arranged in the drying process, and the multi-effect bacteriostatic binder is added to press and form the solid waste, so that the volume of the solid waste is reduced, and the peculiar smell generated in the transportation and storage processes of the granular fuel can be avoided, thereby completing the invention.
Specifically, the present invention aims to provide the following:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a resource utilization method for preparing biomass pellet fuel by using pig breeding solid waste, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out preliminary dehydration on the pig breeding solid waste;
and 3, carrying out molding treatment on the dried pig breeding solid waste to obtain the biomass granular fuel.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a device for preparing biomass granular fuel, which is preferably used for implementing the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the live pig breeding solid waste, wherein the device comprises an electroosmosis dehydration device, a drying device and a forming device which are sequentially arranged.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the live pig breeding solid waste, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple steps, rapidness, high efficiency and low treatment cost, effectively reduces the volume of pig manure residues, and can thoroughly solve the problem of treatment of the pig manure waste of a large-scale live pig farm;
(2) the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the solid waste from pig breeding provided by the invention has the advantages that the adopted equipment occupies a small area, has low timely requirement on operators and is easy to control the conditions;
(3) according to the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the live pig breeding solid waste, provided by the invention, the solid waste is dried by adopting a method of combining electroosmosis dehydration and hot blast drying in sequence, so that the energy consumption of moisture removal is reduced, and the efficiency is improved;
(4) according to the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by utilizing the solid waste generated in the pig breeding, the anode of the electroosmosis dehydration device is designed to be capable of performing gravity compression on the solid, and the bottom of the cathode is provided with the water filtering hole, so that the dehydration efficiency is improved;
(5) according to the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the pig breeding solid waste, the peculiar smell substance removal device is added in the drying process, so that the pollution to the atmosphere is reduced, and the odor of the granular fuel is effectively removed;
(6) according to the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the live pig breeding solid waste, provided by the invention, the multiple-effect antibacterial binder is added in the forming process, so that the prepared biomass granular fuel is effectively prevented from being crushed and fermented again in the storage and transportation processes;
(7) according to the resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the pig breeding solid waste, the prepared granular fuel is used as the drying device, so that part of the biomass fuel can be consumed, the fuel cost is reduced, the method is clean and environment-friendly, and secondary pollution is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a resource utilization method for preparing biomass pellet fuel by using pig breeding solid waste according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an electroosmotic dehydration apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure of a spray washing system of an electroosmotic dewatering apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the anode and cathode structures of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the base structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection of the drying device, the molding device and the odor removing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-a dewatering tank;
11-a filling zone;
12-an anode;
121-a pressure plate;
122-an anode plate;
13-a cathode;
131-a cathode plate;
132-a water filter plate;
133-geotextile;
134-a support;
135-water filtration holes;
14-ear plate;
2-a water collecting tank;
21-a drain pipe;
22-a main conduit;
23-a water spray pipe;
3-a hydraulic transmission device;
4-supporting piers;
41-a connecting rod;
5-a biomass fuel dryer;
51-a biomass steam generator;
52-a dryer;
6-peculiar smell substance removing device;
61-air pump;
62-a first absorption tank;
63-a second absorption cell;
7-forming device.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description. In which, although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The biomass fuel is a clean fuel for replacing high-sulfur coal, and has great demand in the new energy market, and the inventor finds that when the water content of the pig manure is reduced to a certain degree, the heat value of dry matter can reach 4000 Kcal/kg, so that the pig manure is directly converted into the biomass fuel, the aim of treating the pig manure can be achieved, biomass granular fuel with vigorous market demand can be generated, and the resource utilization of solid waste in a large-scale pig farm can be realized.
Therefore, in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a resource utilization method for preparing biomass pellet fuel by using pig breeding solid waste, the method comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out preliminary dehydration on the pig breeding solid waste;
and 3, carrying out molding treatment on the dried pig breeding solid waste to obtain the biomass granular fuel.
The resource utilization method for preparing the biomass granular fuel by using the pig breeding solid waste is further described as follows:
step 1, carrying out preliminary dehydration on the pig breeding solid waste.
Wherein, the waste solid of fresh pig manure is a solid-liquid mixture, the solid part is wood fiber which can not be digested by live pigs and a small amount of organic matters and inorganic minerals, the solid components can form a large amount of bound water by virtue of hydrogen bonds on the surface and polar groups (carboxyl and amino) of protein, and meanwhile, semi-volatile odor substances containing nitrogen and sulfur are dissolved in the solid components.
In the invention, the solid waste for live pig breeding is the solid waste of pig manure obtained by carrying out dry-wet separation on the solid waste of pig manure (non-water-soaked manure) generated by dry cleaning manure/water flushing manure, and the water content is 60-85%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preliminary dehydration is electroosmotic dehydration, which is performed using an electroosmotic dehydration apparatus,
as shown in fig. 1, the electroosmotic dehydration apparatus comprises a dehydration tank 1 and a water collection tank 2 which are arranged up and down, wherein,
the top end of the dewatering tank 1 is open, and the bottom end of the dewatering tank is of an arc structure.
The dewatering tank 1 is of a high-strength steel structure, is lined with an insulating high polymer material, and has the volume of preferably 1-3 cubic meters.
In a further preferred embodiment, the dewatering tank 1 comprises a filling area 11 for containing the solid waste of pig breeding and electrode plates,
the electrode plates include an anode 12 at the top of the dehydration tank and a cathode 13 at the bottom of the dehydration tank.
In a further preferred embodiment, the anode 12 and the cathode 13 are connected to a dc power source through wires, and the voltage applied by the dc power source is in a range of 30-100V, preferably 50-80V.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anode 12 includes a pressure plate 121 and an anode plate 122, which are connected up and down, and have the same structure,
the anode plate 122 is a titanium-based dimensionally stable anode, preferably one or more of a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, a titanium-based iridium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, a titanium-based lead dioxide dimensionally stable anode and a titanium-based rhodium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, and more preferably a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide dimensionally stable anode.
The inventor finds that the titanium-based dimensionally stable anode has low overpotential and can be used under low electrolysis voltage for a long time, thereby achieving the effects of saving energy and reducing cost; and the substrate can be regenerated and reused, and the service life is long.
The titanium-based dimensionally stable anode is fixedly connected with a pressure plate by riveting or welding, and the pressure plate is preferably a stainless steel plate.
In a further preferred embodiment, the anode 12 has a self weight of 0.7 to 1.2 tons per square meter for gravity compression of the hydrated pig farming solid waste in the filling area.
The inventor researches and discovers that the dead weight of the anode (namely, the total weight of a pressure plate and an anode plate) is enabled to satisfy 0.7-1.2 tons/square meter, the water-containing solid can be effectively compressed, and when the dead weight of the anode is less than 0.7 tons/square meter, the gravity compression degree of the water-containing solid is not enough; when the anode dead weight is more than 1.2 tons/square meter, the gravity compression degree on the water-containing solid is not obviously increased.
In a further preferred embodiment, above said anode 12, there is provided a transmission 3 which moves the anode in a vertical direction while being able to apply pressure to the anode.
Preferably, the transmission device 3 is a hydraulic transmission device, and the pressure applied to the anode is 1-3 Mpa, preferably 2 Mpa.
In the invention, the anode is arranged to be movable, and can be opened when the live pig breeding solid is loaded and unloaded, so that the operation is convenient. In the process of compressing the solid waste by gravity, the anode (pressure plate and anode plate) may move down along the inner wall of the dewatering tank to sufficiently compress the moisture-containing solid.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cathode 13 includes a cathode plate 131 and a water filter plate 132, and the cathode plate 131 has two plates symmetrically disposed at both sides of the water filter plate 132.
In a further preferred embodiment, the cathode plate 131 has a circular arc shape and is fittingly disposed at the arc-shaped bottom of the dehydration tank 1.
The top of the arc-shaped cathode plate is tightly connected with the inner wall of the dewatering tank to prevent the solid waste in the filling area from leaking, and the preferred cathode plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the dewatering tank through a conductive screw.
Preferably, the cathode plate 131 is a graphite electrode plate or a ruthenium-titanium electrode plate.
In a further preferred embodiment, a plurality of water filtering holes 135 are uniformly formed on the water filtering plate 132, so that water compressed by electroosmosis and gravity is filtered out.
Preferably, the bottom of the dewatering tank 1 is provided with a through hole, and the size and shape of the through hole are adapted to the structure of the water filtering plate, so that the water can enter the water collecting tank.
More preferably, the pore diameter of the water filtering hole is 3-7 cm, preferably 4-6 cm, such as 5 cm.
According to the invention, the water in the pig breeding solid waste in the dewatering tank can be efficiently removed by utilizing the gravity compression effect of the anode plate and the electroosmosis effect of the cathode plate and the anode plate, and then enters the water collecting tank through the water filtering holes in the water filtering plate. Compared with the vacuum suction electroosmosis dehydration existing in the prior art, the dehydration efficiency is obviously improved, and simultaneously, the energy is saved.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a trash assembly is provided under the water filtering plate 132, the trash assembly including a geotextile 133 and a support 134,
wherein, the geotextile 133 is closely attached to the lower surface of the water filtering plate 132 under the supporting action of the supporting member 134 to intercept the solid waste and prevent the solid waste from entering the water collecting tank.
In a further preferred embodiment, the support 134 is preferably a wire mesh to support the geotextile.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening of the water collecting tank 2 is adapted to the size of the water filtering plate 132, and is disposed right below the water filtering plate;
a spray system and a drain 21 are provided in the sump 2.
Wherein, the water spraying system is used for washing the geotextile 133 so as to prevent the geotextile from being blocked and influencing dehydration; the drain pipe 21 is provided at the bottom of the sump to discharge the filtered moisture.
In a further preferred embodiment, the spray system comprises a main pipe 22 and a spray pipe 23 communicating with each other,
the water spraying pipes 23 are provided with a plurality of water spraying pipes which are evenly distributed on two sides of the main pipe 22.
Wherein, the main pipeline is a water inlet pipeline.
In a still further preferred embodiment, the water jets of the water jet pipes 23 are directed vertically upwards.
Wherein, in the electroosmosis dehydration process, after handling a period, solid waste may block up the geotechnological cloth below the drainage hole, need open water injection system and wash the geotechnological cloth this moment to guarantee the normal dehydration function of equipment.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a base is provided at the bottom of the dewatering channel 1, which comprises support piers 4 and connecting rods 41,
the support piers 4 are arranged on the horizontal ground, and the connecting rods 41 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the dewatering tank.
In a further preferred embodiment, the support piers 4 have a plurality, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the dewatering channel 1,
the support pier 4 is hinged with a connecting rod 41.
According to the invention, the connecting rod and the support pier are arranged to be in a hinged structure, so that the dewatering tank can be inclined under the action of external force, and the wet pig manure with high water content and the dewatered pig manure can be conveniently filled and discharged.
In a further preferred embodiment, an ear plate 14 is provided at a top side of the dewatering channel, which is connected with an external pulling rope, so that the dewatering channel is inclined by an external pulling force.
Among them, it is preferable that the pulling rope is wound around the pulley to apply a pulling force.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the action time of the preliminary dehydration is 6 to 12 hours, preferably 8 hours.
In the present invention, after the electroosmotic dehydration, the moisture content of the pig manure solid waste after the dry-wet separation is reduced to 45% or less, preferably 40% to 45%.
And 2, drying the preliminarily dehydrated live pig breeding solid waste.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drying process is performed using a drying device, which is a biomass fuel dryer 5 including a biomass steam generator 51 and a dryer 52.
In a further preferred embodiment, the biomass steam generator employs the prepared biomass pellet fuel as a combustion raw material to generate steam for drying.
According to the invention, the biomass steam generator adopts biomass particle fuel prepared from the pig breeding solid waste as a combustion raw material, and generates steam for drying, so that part of the biomass fuel can be consumed, the fuel cost is reduced, and the biomass steam generator is clean, environment-friendly and free of secondary pollution.
In a still further preferred embodiment, the biomass steam generator is a LSG1.0-0.7-M five pass biomass fuel steam generator;
the dryer is a hollow blade dryer, preferably a Runcai KJG-265 hollow blade dryer.
The hollow blade dryer adopts a spiral sample feeding mode, so that the adhesion of solids on a heat transfer surface can be reduced, the heat transfer area and the heat transfer efficiency are increased, and the energy consumption is reduced. The Runcai KJG-265 hollow blade dryer adopted in the invention has the advantages of large heat transfer area, self-cleaning capability of the wedge-shaped blade, high utilization rate of heat energy and low later maintenance cost.
In the invention, the water content of the dried live pig breeding solid waste is below 20%, preferably 15-20%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drying process further comprises a step of removing odor substances,
wherein, the removal of the peculiar smell substances is carried out by adopting a peculiar smell substance removal device 6.
The inventor finds that the odor gas such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like generated in the drying process can cause environmental pollution when being directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the odor substances can influence the transportation, storage and use of the subsequent biomass fuel, so that the odor substances are preferably removed by adopting an odor substance removing device.
In a further preferred embodiment, the odor removing device 6 comprises a suction pump 61, a first absorption tank 62 and a second absorption tank 63 which are arranged in sequence,
wherein the suction pump 61 is connected to the outlet of the dryer 52.
In the present invention, the suction pump sucks the odor gas generated in the dryer 52 into the absorption bath.
In a further preferred embodiment, the first absorption tank 62 is an acid solution absorption tank, the second absorption tank 63 is an alkali solution absorption tank,
preferably, the acid solution is one or more of sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, preferably sulfuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.
Wherein, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid are not easy to volatilize, the cost is lower, the complete formation for removing alkaline gas is high, and the absorption liquid can be used for producing fertilizer to generate economic benefit.
The alkali liquor is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, preferably one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and more preferably sodium hydroxide and/or sodium carbonate.
Wherein, the absorption capacity of alkali liquor such as sodium hydroxide and the like to hydrogen sulfide gas is large, the purity of byproducts such as sodium thiocyanate is high, and the generated economic benefit can cover the cost of the alkali liquor.
More preferably, the mass concentration of the acid solution is 15-30%, preferably 20%;
the mass concentration of the alkali liquor is 20-30%, preferably 25%.
The inventor finds that the release amount of alkaline gas is large in the drying process, and the alkaline gas is incompletely absorbed by too low acid liquid concentration (lower than 15%); when the concentration is too high (higher than 30 percent), the absorption amount of alkaline gas is not obviously increased, the cost is correspondingly increased, in addition, certain corrosivity and oxidability are realized, and the reacted acid is easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment.
When the concentration of the alkali liquor is too low (lower than 20 percent), the absorption capacity is small, and water is generated in the process of absorbing oxidation reaction, so that the absorption liquor is diluted to cause the loss of alkaline substances; at too high a concentration (above 30%), side reactions to form sodium thiosulfate tend to occur.
And 3, carrying out molding treatment on the dried pig breeding solid waste to obtain the biomass granular fuel.
The inventor researches and discovers that the water content of the pig breeding solid waste after the dehydration and drying treatment is reduced to be below 20%, and the pig breeding solid waste is in a dispersed particle state, so that the dispersed particles are preferably mechanically pressed to form granular biomass fuel, the volume of solid waste is reduced, and the pig breeding solid waste is convenient to transport and store.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molding process is a mechanical pressing of the dried pig farming solid waste with a binder,
the diameter of the pressed particles is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the pressed particles is 3-5 cm.
Wherein the water content of the dried solid waste for pig breeding is below 20%, preferably 15-20%.
In a further preferred embodiment, the binder is a multi-effect binder, has bacteriostatic and binding functions, is preferably selected from one or more of gutta percha extract, chitosan and chitin, and is more preferably gutta percha extract.
The inventor finds that the gutta-percha extract is a biological extract of eucommia leaves, the main molecular structure of the gutta-percha extract is polyisoprene, the structure and the function of the gutta-percha extract are similar to those of natural rubber, and the gutta-percha extract has a good bacteriostatic action and can avoid the prepared biomass granular fuel from being crushed and fermented again in the storage and transportation processes.
Wherein the gutta percha extract is a commercially available powdered substance.
Preferably, the particle size of the gutta percha extract is less than 100 μm, preferably less than 80 μm, and more preferably less than 50 μm.
The inventor researches and discovers that when the particle size of the selected eucommia ulmoides gum extract is smaller than 100 micrometers, preferably smaller than 80 micrometers, and more preferably smaller than 50 micrometers, the bonding effect is improved, and the bacteriostasis effect of the eucommia ulmoides gum is exerted more efficiently.
In a further preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the binder to the dried pig breeding solid waste is (1-15): 1000, preferably (1-10): 1000, more preferably (1-5): 1000.
the inventor researches and discovers that when the weight ratio of the binder to the dried live pig breeding solid waste is (1-15): 1000, preferably (1-10): 1000, more preferably (1-5): 1000, the prepared biomass granular fuel has the best performance, and when the weight ratio of the binder to the dried live pig breeding solid waste is less than 1:1000, the molded biomass granular fuel is extremely easy to crush, and meanwhile, the antibacterial effect is extremely poor, so that the transportation and the storage are not facilitated; when the weight ratio of the binder to the dried solid waste for pig breeding is more than 15:1000, the binder has a good forming effect during compression forming, but the cost required by the prepared biomass particles is increased, and the calorific value contained in the particles is reduced, so that the efficient utilization of biomass resources is not facilitated.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming process is performed using a forming device 7, the forming device 7 preferably being a pellet fuel forming machine, the pellet fuel forming machine preferably being a hydraulic press, more preferably a YST-1500T four-column hydraulic press. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for preparing biomass pellet fuel, preferably for implementing the resource utilization method for preparing biomass pellet fuel by using pig breeding solid waste as described in the first aspect, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus comprises an electroosmosis dewatering device, a drying device and a forming device which are arranged in sequence,
the pig breeding solid waste is sequentially subjected to dehydration treatment by a dehydration device and drying treatment by a drying device, and then is pressed by a forming device to form granular biomass fuel.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electroosmotic dewatering device comprises a dewatering tank 1 and a water collecting tank 2 which are arranged up and down, wherein,
the top end of the dewatering tank 1 is open, and the bottom end of the dewatering tank is of an arc structure.
In a further preferred embodiment, the dewatering tank 1 comprises a filling area 11 for containing the solid waste of pig breeding and electrode plates,
the electrode plates include an anode 12 at the top of the dehydration tank and a cathode 13 at the bottom of the dehydration tank.
In a further preferred embodiment, the anode 12 and the cathode 13 are connected to a dc power source through wires, and the voltage applied by the dc power source is in a range of 30-100V, preferably 50-80V.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anode 12 includes a pressure plate 121 and an anode plate 122, which are connected up and down, and have the same structure,
the anode plate 122 is a titanium-based dimensionally stable anode, preferably one or more of a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, a titanium-based iridium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, a titanium-based lead dioxide dimensionally stable anode and a titanium-based rhodium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, preferably a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide dimensionally stable anode.
In a further preferred embodiment, the anode 12 has a self weight of 0.7 to 1.2 tons per square meter for gravity compression of the hydrated pig farming solid waste in the filling area.
In a further preferred embodiment, above said anode 12, there is provided a transmission 3 which moves the anode in a vertical direction while being able to apply pressure to the anode.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cathode 13 includes a cathode plate 131 and a water filter plate 132, and the cathode plate 131 has two pieces symmetrically disposed at both sides of the water filter plate 132.
In a further preferred embodiment, the cathode plate 131 has a circular arc shape, which fits in the arc-shaped bottom of the dewatering channel 1.
In a further preferred embodiment, a plurality of water filtering holes are uniformly formed on the water filtering plate 132, so that water compressed by electroosmosis and gravity is filtered out.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a trash assembly is provided under the water filtering plate 132, the trash assembly including a geotextile 133 and a support 134,
in a further preferred embodiment, the support 134 is preferably a wire mesh to support the geotextile.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening of the water collecting tank 2 is adapted to the size of the water filtering plate 132, and is disposed right below the water filtering plate;
a spray system and a drain 21 are provided in the sump 2.
In a further preferred embodiment, the spray system comprises a main pipe 22 and a spray pipe 23 communicating with each other,
the water spraying pipes 23 are provided with a plurality of water spraying pipes which are evenly distributed on two sides of the main pipe 22.
Wherein, the main pipeline is a water inlet pipeline.
In a still further preferred embodiment, the water jets of the water jet pipes 23 are directed vertically upwards.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a base is provided at the bottom of the dewatering tank 1, the base including support piers 4 and connecting rods 41,
the support piers 4 are arranged on the horizontal ground, and the connecting rods 41 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the dewatering tank.
In a further preferred embodiment, the support piers 4 have a plurality, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the dewatering channel 1,
the support pier 4 is hinged with a connecting rod 41.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises an odor removing device to remove odor gas such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, etc. generated during the drying process.
Examples
Example 1
The method of the invention is adopted to carry out resource utilization on the pig manure residues of a certain pig farm for live pig breeding by adopting a material-bedding breeding mode, wherein the pig farm lays the wood chips and the crushed straws in a pigsty to be mixed with the urine and the excrement of the pigs, the water content of the mixture of the pig excreta and the wood chips and the crushed straws is about 80 percent, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, carrying out dry-wet separation treatment on pig manure residues until the water content is 67%, then taking 20kg, carrying out primary dehydration by adopting an electroosmosis dehydration device,
wherein, the size of the dewatering tank is as follows: length 1.0m, width 1.0m, height 1.0m, thickness 2 cm; the anode is a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide anode with the self weight of 1.0 ton/square meter; the cathode is a graphite electrode, and the aperture of the water filtering holes on the water filtering plate at the bottom is 5 cm; the cathode and the anode are both connected with a direct current power supply, the applied voltage is 60V, and the pressure applied by the hydraulic transmission device is 2 Mpa;
after 8 hours of electroosmosis dehydration, the water content of the pig manure residues is detected to be 45%.
And 2, drying the pig manure residues subjected to electroosmotic dehydration in a biomass combustion-forced air drying rotary mode, wherein a LSG1.0-0.7-M five-pass biomass fuel steam generator is adopted, the biomass particles subjected to compression molding are used as fuel, and a Runcai KJG-265 hollow blade dryer is adopted for drying.
Meanwhile, an air pump is additionally arranged at the outlet of the dryer, sulfuric acid with the concentration of 20% by mass is contained in the first absorption tank, and sodium hydroxide with the mass concentration of 25% is contained in the second absorption tank.
Through detection, the water content of the dried pig manure residues is 18%.
Step 3, mixing the eucommia ulmoides gum extract and the pig manure residues according to a weight ratio of 5:1000, then adding into a YST-1500T four-column hydraulic press, and pressing into granules with the diameter of 5cm and the thickness of 4 cm.
Example 2
The method of the invention is adopted to carry out resource utilization on the pig manure residues of a certain pig farm for carrying out live pig breeding by adopting a water-flushed manure breeding mode, wherein the water content of the pig manure of the pig farm is about 75%, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, carrying out dry-wet separation treatment on pig manure residues, wherein the water content is 65%, then taking 20kg, carrying out primary dehydration by adopting an electroosmosis dehydration device,
wherein, the size of the dewatering tank is as follows: 2.0m long, 1.0m wide, 1.0m high and 2cm thick; the anode is a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide anode with the self weight of 1.0 ton/square meter; the cathode is a ruthenium-titanium electrode, and the aperture of a water filtering hole on the bottom water filtering plate is 5 cm; the cathode and the anode are both connected with a direct current power supply, the applied voltage is 80V, and the pressure applied by the hydraulic transmission device is 2 Mpa;
after 6 hours of electroosmosis dehydration, the water content of the pig manure residues is detected to be 42%.
And 2, drying the pig manure residues subjected to electroosmotic dehydration in a biomass combustion-forced air drying rotary mode, wherein a LSG1.0-0.7-M five-pass biomass fuel steam generator is adopted, the biomass particles subjected to compression molding are used as fuel, and a Runcai KJG-265 hollow blade dryer is adopted for drying.
Meanwhile, an air pump is additionally arranged at the outlet of the dryer, phosphoric acid with the mass concentration of 25% is contained in the first absorption tank, and sodium bicarbonate with the mass concentration of 20% of alkali liquor is contained in the second absorption tank.
And detecting that the moisture content of the dried pig manure residues is 16%.
Step 3, mixing the eucommia ulmoides gum extract and the pig manure residues according to a weight ratio of 5:1000, then adding into a YST-1500T four-column hydraulic press, and pressing into granules with the diameter of 5cm and the thickness of 4 cm.
Example 3
The method used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step 1, the voltage applied to the anode and cathode by the dc power supply is 50V.
Example 4
The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step 1, the pore size of the water filtration pore is 7 cm.
Example 5
The procedure used in this example was similar to that of example 1, except that in step 3, the particle size of the gutta percha extract was 40 μm.
Example 6
The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step 3, chitosan was used instead of gutta percha extract.
Example 7
The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step 3, the weight ratio of gutta percha extract to pig manure was 2: 1000.
Example 8
The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step 3, the weight ratio of gutta percha extract to pig manure was 15: 1000.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that the pig manure residue separated by drying and wetting was not subjected to the electroosmotic dehydration treatment, but was subjected to only a single drying treatment.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example was conducted in a similar manner to example 1 except that the electroosmotic dehydration tank was used for compressing water without using gravity, and anode plates and cathode plates were disposed on the left and right sides of the charging area while removing water from the bottom of the dehydration tank was sucked by a vacuum pump.
Comparative example 3
The procedure used in this comparative example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step 3, microcrystalline cellulose, a common chemical binder, was used instead of the gutta percha extract.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental example 1
The weight of the biomass pellet fuel produced in example 1 and example 2 was measured, and the drying heat consumption was removed, and the weight of the net product pellet fuel produced was 6.1 and 6.4kg, respectively, and the resource utilization rates, i.e., the weight of the net product pellet fuel/the weight of the theoretical product pellet fuel × 100%, were 75.3% and 76.8%, respectively, were obtained.
According to the results, the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be used for effectively converting the pig manure residues, the conversion utilization rate is up to 70%, and the treatment of the pig manure waste in a large-scale pig farm can be thoroughly solved.
Experimental example 2
The treatment method described in example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 was adopted to reduce the water content of 20kg of pig manure residues with a water content of 67% to a water content of only about 18%, and the required time and energy consumption were counted.
The results show that:
comparative example 1 through single drying treatment takes 14 hours, drying heat consumption is removed, 3.2kg of biomass can be produced cleanly, and the resource utilization rate is only 39.5%;
comparative example 2, which is not subjected to electro-osmotic dehydration by gravity extrusion and then subjected to drying treatment, takes 12 hours, and 4.8kg of biomass can be produced cleanly by removing drying heat consumption, so that the resource utilization rate reaches 59.3%;
the embodiment 1 of the improved method of drying after electroosmotic dehydration by gravity extrusion only needs 10 hours to reduce the water content to 18 percent, simultaneously removes the drying heat consumption, can produce 6.1kg of biomass in a clean way, and has the resource utilization rate as high as 75.3 percent.
Therefore, the method can obviously improve the moisture removal efficiency of the pig manure residues and can save the energy by more than 30 percent.
Experimental example 3
The bio-pellet fuel prepared in the examples 1 and 2 is tested, wherein the diameter and length are tested by randomly sampling the pellet fuel at least 10 times, then testing and averaging; the bulk density was measured using the method described in swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS 187178; the durability was measured using the method described in swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS 187180; the net calorific value is detected by adopting a method described in Swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS-ISO 1928; ash content was measured using the method described in swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS 187171; the total moisture content was measured using the method described in swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS 187170; the sulfur content was measured using the method described in swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS 187177; chloride content was measured using the method described in swedish biomass pellet fuel standard SS 187185.
The results of the above performance index measurements are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
From the above results, it can be seen that each performance index of the bio-pellet fuel prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention satisfies the detection standard, and meets the performance requirement of the bio-fuel.
Experimental example 4
3g of the biomass particles containing gutta percha prepared in example 1 (specific gravity of binder to biomass is 5:1000) and the biomass particles containing microcrystalline cellulose prepared in comparative example 3 (specific gravity of binder to biomass is 5:1000) were sterilized at high temperature and then placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for use.
Respectively putting the same amount of the two biomass particles (example 1 and comparative example 3) into a PDA fungus culture medium containing a certain amount of peptone by taking escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis as test strains; placing the same amount of the test strain in a culture medium without biomass particles, and culturing at 25 deg.C for 2 days as a control group; the above three groups of media were subjected to colony culture under the same conditions.
Three groups of media were observed by microscopy and compared, showing: in the culture medium containing the biomass particles prepared in example 1, an obvious inhibition zone appears around the biomass particles, and in both the control group and the culture medium containing the biomass particles prepared in comparative example 3, no inhibition zone appears, which indicates that the biomass particles prepared in example 1 of the present invention and using the gutta percha extract as the binder have a good inhibition effect and are beneficial to preservation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on operational states of the present invention, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, and the substitutions and the modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A resource utilization method for preparing biomass granular fuel by using pig breeding solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out preliminary dehydration on the pig breeding solid waste;
step 2, drying the preliminarily dehydrated live pig breeding solid waste;
and 3, carrying out molding treatment on the dried pig breeding solid waste to obtain the biomass granular fuel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the preliminary dehydration is electroosmotic dehydration, and the electroosmotic dehydration is performed using an electroosmotic dehydration apparatus,
the electroosmosis dehydration device comprises a dehydration tank (1) and a water collecting tank (2) which are arranged up and down, wherein,
the top end of the dewatering tank (1) is opened, and the bottom end of the dewatering tank is of an arc structure.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the dewatering tank (1) comprises a filling area (11) for containing the pig farming solid waste and electrode plates,
the electrode plate comprises an anode (12) at the top of the dewatering tank and a cathode (13) at the bottom of the dewatering tank.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the anode (12) and the cathode (13) are connected by means of wires to a dc power source, which applies a voltage in the range of 30-100V, preferably 50-80V.
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the anode (12) comprises a pressure plate (121) and an anode plate (122) joined one above the other, both of which are of identical construction,
preferably, the anode plate (122) is a titanium-based dimensionally stable anode selected from one or more of a titanium-based ruthenium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, a titanium-based iridium dioxide dimensionally stable anode, and a titanium-based rhodium dioxide dimensionally stable anode.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the cathode (13) comprises a cathode plate (131) and a water filter plate (132), the cathode plate (131) having two pieces symmetrically disposed on both sides of the water filter plate (132).
7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the opening of the water collection sump (2) is sized to fit the size of the drainage plate (132), arranged directly below the latter;
a spray system and a drain pipe (21) are arranged in the water collection tank (2).
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the drying process is performed using a drying device, which is a biomass fuel dryer (5) including a biomass steam generator (51) and a dryer (52).
9. An apparatus for preparing biomass pellet fuel, preferably for implementing the resource utilization method for preparing biomass pellet fuel by using pig breeding solid waste as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the apparatus comprises an electroosmosis dehydration device, a drying device and a forming device which are arranged in sequence.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an odor removal device to remove odor gas such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide generated during the drying process.
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