CN114479000B - 一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114479000B
CN114479000B CN202011253237.2A CN202011253237A CN114479000B CN 114479000 B CN114479000 B CN 114479000B CN 202011253237 A CN202011253237 A CN 202011253237A CN 114479000 B CN114479000 B CN 114479000B
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方传杰
樊云峰
董栋
张宁
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂及其制备方法,将天然不饱和酚与异氰酸酯先进行反应,再与聚乙二醇进行反应,即得到所述异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂。本发明所述白炭黑分散剂,其分子中含有的聚乙二醇链段和氨基甲酸酯基团能与白炭黑表面的硅羟基形成氢键作用,从而实现对白炭黑粒子的有效包覆,可分散白炭黑;其不饱和侧链与橡胶具有很好的相容性和反应活性,可参与橡胶的硫化。本发明还公开了将所述白炭黑分散剂用于钢丝覆胶、轮胎胎体帘线和胎面等橡胶制品中。本发明以天然产物为原料,具有可再生性,绿色环保,资源丰富,符合可持续发展战略。

Description

一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂及其制备方法 和应用
技术领域
本发明属于橡胶加工助剂领域,涉及一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
白炭黑是一种橡胶增强填料,当它应用于轮胎胎面时,可以提高抗湿滑能力,降低滚动阻力,不仅降低了燃料消耗,而且具有优异的牵引性和不错的磨耗寿命。但白炭黑表面含有大量羟基,这导致它具有较高的酸性、吸湿性以及亲水性,与橡胶之间的相容性较差,因此,需要通过添加助剂来提高白炭黑在胶料中的分散性。
目前采用较多的白炭黑分散剂有脂肪酸金属皂、脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪酸酯等脂肪酸衍生物,其能有效改善白炭黑在橡胶中的分散性,但此类衍生物只是对白炭黑进行物理包覆,并不与橡胶分子反应,只是通过极性官能团与橡胶分子之间形成较强的极性力,对改善胶料的物理力学性能并没有多大帮助。
发明内容
为解决现在技术中存在的上述问题,本发明创新提出了一种可作为橡胶加工助剂的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂及其制备方法和应用。
本发明先将天然不饱和酚与异氰酸酯进行部分反应,然后多余的异氰酸根再与聚乙二醇进行反应,即得到所述异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂(即,异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚树脂)。
本发明异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂,其分子中含有的聚乙二醇链段和氨基甲酸酯基团能与白炭黑表面的硅羟基形成氢键作用,从而实现对白炭黑粒子的有效包覆,可分散白炭黑;其不饱和侧链与橡胶具有很好的相容性和反应活性,可参与橡胶的硫化。
本发明还提出了将所述白炭黑分散剂用于钢丝覆胶、轮胎胎体帘线和胎面等橡胶制品中。本发明以天然产物为原料,具有可再生性,绿色环保,资源丰富,符合可持续发展战略。
本发明提出的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂,所述异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂分子中的天然不饱和酚包括但不局限于漆酚和腰果酚。
本发明提出了一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂,其结构为式(I)、(II)、(III)中任意一种或多种:
Figure BDA0002772291360000021
式(I)、(II)、(Ⅲ)中,
n为自然数;
R1为腰果酚的不饱和侧链;
R2为漆酚的不饱和侧链;
R为异氰酸酯分子中除两个异氰酸根基团以外的烃基部分。
本发明还提出了一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂的制备方法,天然不饱和酚与异氰酸酯先进行反应,再加入聚乙二醇进行反应,得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂。
其中,本发明优选在氮气保护下进行。
其中,所述天然不饱和酚是漆酚、腰果酚之任意一种或两种任意摩尔比的组合;优选地,为腰果酚。
其中,所述异氰酸酯是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)等之任意一种或任意两种任意摩尔比的组合;优选地,为HDI。
本发明所述的制备方法,所述聚乙二醇是聚乙二醇-600、聚乙二醇-800、聚乙二醇-1000、聚乙二醇-1500、聚乙二醇-2000、聚乙二醇-4000、聚乙二醇-6000、聚乙二醇-8000等之任意一种或任意两种任意摩尔比的组合;优选地,为聚乙二醇-1500。
其中,所述天然不饱和酚与异氰酸酯反应时的温度为55~115℃,反应的时间为0.5~5h;优选地,反应的温度为90℃,反应的时间为3h。
其中,与聚乙二醇进行反应的温度为25~90℃,反应的时间为0.5~3h;优选地,反应的温度为70℃,反应的时间为1.5h。
其中,所述天然不饱和酚、异氰酸酯与聚乙二醇的摩尔比为(0.1~1.9):1:(0.1~0.9)。优选地,为3:2:1。
本发明还提出了由上述制备方法得到的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂。
本发明还提出了包含结构式(I)、(II)、(III)所示的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂。
本发明还提出了所述异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂在橡胶及其制品中作为白炭黑分散剂的应用。
其中,所述橡胶及其制品包括钢丝覆胶、轮胎胎体帘线、胎面或覆盖胶等。
本发明有益效果包括:采用天然不饱和酚为基础原料,先与异氰酸酯进行部分反应,再与聚乙二醇进行反应,制备异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂,其分子中含有的聚乙二醇链段和氨基甲酸酯基团能与白炭黑表面的硅羟基形成氢键作用,从而实现对白炭黑粒子的有效包覆,可分散白炭黑。所制异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂具有类似脂肪酸锌皂盐类白炭黑分散剂的作用,不仅如此,其不饱和侧链与橡胶具有很好的相容性和反应活性,可参与橡胶的硫化,可作为橡胶加工助剂应用于橡胶及其制品中,可替代或部分替代现有脂肪酸锌皂盐类白炭黑分散剂。常规脂肪酸锌皂盐类白炭黑分散剂不与橡胶分子反应,只是通过极性官能团与橡胶分子之间形成较强的极性力,起到一种内增塑作用,而本发明所制备的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂可与橡胶分子反应。采用天然不饱和酚为基础原料,制备异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂,其工艺流程简单,可使其在橡胶领域拥有广泛的应用。本发明以天然产物为原料,具有可再生性,绿色环保,资源丰富,符合可持续发展战略。
附图说明
图1为HDI、腰果酚与HDI接枝腰果酚树脂(仅由HDI与腰果酚的摩尔比1:2合成,不含聚乙二醇)的红外光谱图;3348cm-1处为腰果酚的酚羟基特征吸收峰;2250cm-1处为HDI中-N=C=O的特征吸收峰;在HDI接枝腰果酚树脂的红外谱图中,在3327cm-1处出现了氨基甲酸酯中-N-H的特征吸收峰以及1700cm-1处羰基的特征吸收峰,3348cm-1处的酚羟基特征吸收峰和2250cm-1处的-N=C=O特征吸收峰消失,说明酚羟基与异氰酸酯反应完全,为异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂的合成提供数据支撑。
图2为HDI、腰果酚与HDI接枝腰果酚树脂(仅由HDI与腰果酚的摩尔比1:2合成,不含聚乙二醇)的凝胶渗透色谱图,在HDI的GPC图谱中,数均相对分子质量(Mn)为25,占比100%;在腰果酚的GPC图谱中,第一个峰的数均相对分子质量(Mn)为472,占比93.3%,第二个小峰的数均相对分子质量(Mn)为624,占比4.77%;在HDI接枝腰果酚树脂的GPC图谱中,数均相对分子质量(Mn)在467、833、1469、1809、2436左右分别占比3.52%、2.98%、77.47%、2.81%、10.25%;可见实验按设计思路进行,目标产物成功合成,为异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂的合成提供数据支撑。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例。在不背离发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。实施本发明的过程、条件、试剂、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
本发明实验中,腰果酚,HDI,MDI,聚乙二醇为工业级,漆酚为实验室自备。
实施例1
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入30.0g腰果酚和37.5g MDI,氮气保护,95℃反应3.5h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈淡黄色黏稠液体;降温至60℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加30.0g聚乙二醇-600,维持60℃反应1.5h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例2
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入30.0g腰果酚和37.5g MDI,氮气保护,85℃反应2.5h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈淡黄色黏稠液体;降温至70℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加75.0g聚乙二醇-1500,维持70℃反应2h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例3
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入30.0g腰果酚和25.2g HDI,氮气保护,80℃反应2h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈淡黄色黏稠液体;降温至65℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加30.0g聚乙二醇-600,维持65℃反应1h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例4
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入30.0g腰果酚和25.2g HDI,氮气保护,90℃反应3.0h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈淡黄色黏稠液体;降温至70℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加75.0g聚乙二醇-1500,维持70℃反应1.5h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例5
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入33.0g漆酚和50.0g MDI,氮气保护,95℃反应2h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈酒红色黏稠液体;降温至70℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加30.0g聚乙二醇-600,维持70℃反应2h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例6
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入33.0g漆酚和37.5g MDI,氮气保护,100℃反应1.0h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈酒红色黏稠液体;降温至70℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加30.0g聚乙二醇-600,维持70℃反应1.5h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例7
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入33.0g漆酚和37.5g MDI,氮气保护,95℃反应2h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈酒红色黏稠液体;降温至80℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加75.0g聚乙二醇-1500,维持80℃反应2h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例8
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入33.0g漆酚和33.6g HDI,氮气保护,75℃反应3h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈酒红色黏稠液体;降温至70℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加30.0g聚乙二醇-600,维持70℃反应2h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
实施例9
向装有搅拌、温控、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中加入15g腰果酚、16.5g漆酚、12.6gHDI和18.8g MDI,氮气保护,90℃反应3h,尾气用蒸馏水吸收,样品呈酒红色黏稠液体;降温至70℃后,再通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴加15.0g聚乙二醇-600和37.5g聚乙二醇-1500,维持70℃反应2h,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;将热的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂倒出,冷却,即可得到异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂固体。
表1橡胶应用测试配方
Figure BDA0002772291360000061
实施例6橡胶制品应用
第一步,用Banbury密炼机将橡胶组分在约155℃下进行混合,混炼制得母炼胶(master batch)。
第二步,分别将对比例、实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例8和实施9所制备的白炭黑分散剂以及粉体,在温度约155℃下,混入Banbury密炼机混炼得到的母炼胶中。其中,对比例为市售脂肪酸锌皂盐类白炭黑分散剂SL-5044。
第三步,将表1中所列的硫化剂(硫磺)、促进剂CBS在60~80℃下加入混炼,混炼所得的产物在恒定温度约23℃和相对湿度50%的环境中放置过夜。然后进行测试,如表2、表3、表4和表5所示的测试数据。其中,拉伸性能采用GB/T 528-2009进行测试,老化前胶料硫化条件为160℃,30min,胶料热空气老化条件为100℃,48h;压缩生热采用ISO4666-4-2007进行测试,初始温度55℃,预热30min,试验25min,静载荷100N,动载荷700N,频率10HZ;白炭黑分散,采用GB/T 6030-2006标准进行测试。
表2老化前力学性能
Figure BDA0002772291360000071
表3老化后力学性能
Figure BDA0002772291360000072
表4压缩生热
Figure BDA0002772291360000073
表5白炭黑分散
Figure BDA0002772291360000081
根据表2、表3、表4和表5数据可知,相对于对比例,本发明实施例1-9制备的橡胶制品的力学性能都有不同程度的改善,老化前其100%定伸(MPa)、300%定伸(MPa)、拉断强度和撕裂强度都有显著增大;老化后其100%定伸(MPa)、300%定伸(MPa)、拉断强度和撕裂强度也都大幅增大;说明本发明实施例1-9制备的胶料力学性能显著提高。
压缩生热显示,相对于对比例,本发明实施例1-9制备的橡胶制品的温升都有所降低,说明所制备的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂能有效降低生热,减少热积聚,提高橡胶及其制品质量。白炭黑分散显示,本发明实施例1-9制备的橡胶制品的X和Y等级都要高于对比例,等级数值越大表明分散越好,说明本发明实施例所制备的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂能有效促进白炭黑的分散。
因此,本发明实施例所制备的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂可提升胶料的物理力学性能,可作为白炭黑分散剂应用于橡胶及其制品中,可替代或部分替代现有脂肪酸锌皂盐。
本发明的保护内容不局限于以上实施例。在不背离本发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂的制备方法,其特征在于,将天然不饱和酚与异氰酸酯先进行反应,再加入聚乙二醇进行反应,得到所述异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂;其中,所述天然不饱和酚是漆酚、腰果酚之任意一种或两种任意摩尔比的组合;所述异氰酸酯是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI之任意一种或两种任意摩尔比的组合;所述天然不饱和酚、异氰酸酯与聚乙二醇的摩尔比为(0.1~1.9):1:(0.1~0.9)。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚乙二醇是聚乙二醇-600、聚乙二醇-800、聚乙二醇-1000、聚乙二醇-1500、聚乙二醇-2000、聚乙二醇-4000、聚乙二醇-6000、聚乙二醇-8000之任意一种或任意两种任意摩尔比的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述天然不饱和酚与异氰酸酯进行反应的温度为55~115℃,反应的时间为0.5~5h;与聚乙二醇进行反应的温度为25~90℃,反应的时间为0.5~3h。
4.如权利要求1~3之任一项所述方法制备得到的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂。
5.一种异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂,其特征在于,其结构为式(I)、(II)、(III)中任意一种或多种:
Figure FDA0004230108170000011
其中,所述式(I)、(II)、(Ⅲ)中,n为自然数;R1为腰果酚的不饱和侧链;R2为漆酚的不饱和侧链;R为异氰酸酯分子中除两个异氰酸根基团以外的烃基部分。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的异氰酸酯接枝天然不饱和酚白炭黑分散剂在橡胶及其制品中作为白炭黑分散剂的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述橡胶及其制品包括钢丝覆胶、轮胎胎体帘线、胎面或覆盖胶。
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