CN114477843B - Heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete and application thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114477843B CN114477843B CN202210100814.7A CN202210100814A CN114477843B CN 114477843 B CN114477843 B CN 114477843B CN 202210100814 A CN202210100814 A CN 202210100814A CN 114477843 B CN114477843 B CN 114477843B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heatproof admixture for shotcrete and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of concrete. The heat-resistant admixture for the shotcrete comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15-40% of an early strength component, 0.5-2.5% of an early strength type water reducing component, 3-15% of silica fume, 3-15% of microbeads, 0.1-2.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5-4% of a retarding component and the balance of superfine mineral powder; the early strength component is prepared from aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium nitrate, superfine mineral powder and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in a mass ratio of 1: (1.0-1.5): (0.2-0.6): (0.6-1.0): (0.4-0.7) and grinding. The heat-resistant admixture can accelerate cement hydration, improve early strength and carry out internal water retention on concrete due to the cooperation of the components, so that the early strength of the sprayed concrete is rapidly increased under the condition of dry curing at 60 ℃, and the compressive strength loss of the concrete after 28 days is reduced to below 15%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete, and particularly relates to a heat-resistant admixture for sprayed concrete and application thereof.
Background
The sprayed concrete is special concrete which is uniformly sprayed on a sprayed surface through the concrete transported by a pipeline under the action of high compressed air, is automatically compacted and quickly generates strength. Compared with cast-in-place concrete, the machine spraying construction has the advantages of short condensation time, convenience and quickness in construction, short construction period and cost saving, and is widely applied to projects such as tunnel lining, mine roadway support, foundation pit support and the like. When the shotcrete is applied to tunnel construction, there are the following problems: after the tunnel is excavated, because the temperature of the excavated rock surface is high and reaches more than 60 ℃, water is quickly dispersed and lost in a high-temperature environment, so that the available water for cement hydration is gradually reduced, the hydration process of cement in concrete is seriously influenced, and meanwhile, cement stones are dehydrated in the high-temperature environment, so that the internal porosity of the concrete is increased, the structure is loose, and the strength is reduced. And the physical properties and damage forms of the concrete are changed after the concrete is sprayed, so that the later strength of the concrete is often low.
In order to solve the technical problems, chinese patent CN110510954A discloses a high-strength shotcrete for high-ground-temperature tunnels, which comprises the following raw material components: cement, fly ash, slag powder, sand, coarse aggregate, vitrified micro bubbles, PVA fibers, steel fibers, modified rubber, a water reducing agent, an accelerating agent and water. The invention adopts the double-fiber doping of the PVA fiber and the steel fiber, the strength of the concrete is enhanced at low temperature, the steel fiber is enhanced to play a main role along with the dissolution of the PVA fiber at high temperature, and the dissolved PVA provides a bridging effect for the steel fiber, can play a role in preventing crack propagation, and greatly enhances the later strength of the concrete. However, the conventional admixture fly ash and slag powder are adopted, the concrete strength is enhanced only by fibers, and the fiber cost is high; under the condition of high-temperature drying, water in the concrete is dispersed quickly, the compressive strength of the concrete is not increased basically after the concrete is formed for one week, and the early strength of the concrete is increased slowly to be not beneficial to the final compressive strength of the concrete; therefore, the dissolved PVA has an unobvious effect on the reduction of the later strength loss rate of the concrete and has low later strength.
Therefore, the heat-resistant admixture for the shotcrete is provided, can solve the problems of high strength loss and low later strength of the shotcrete in a high-temperature environment, and has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the heatproof admixture for the sprayed concrete, and solves the technical problems that the strength loss of the sprayed concrete is fast and the later strength is not obviously increased under the high-temperature construction environment condition of about 60 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the heat-resistant admixture for the shotcrete comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
15-40% of an early strength component, 0.5-2.5% of an early strength type water reducing component, 3-15% of silica fume, 3-15% of microbeads, 0.1-2.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5-4% of a retarding component and the balance of superfine mineral powder;
the early strength component is prepared from aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium nitrate, superfine mineral powder and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in a mass ratio of 1: (1.0-1.5): (0.2-0.6): (0.6-1.0): (0.4-0.7) and grinding.
In the early-strength components, aluminum sulfate and calcium oxide can promote the rapid setting and hardening of concrete and have a certain effect of improving the early compressive strength of the concrete; the early strength of the concrete can be improved by matching the calcium nitrate with the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate; the superfine mineral powder plays a role in filling and lubricating the concrete, so that the concrete is more compact, the early strength of the concrete is higher, and the loss of water in the concrete can be reduced; the early strength component can make the concrete quickly set and harden and simultaneously improve the early strength by the matching action of aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium nitrate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and superfine mineral powder in a specific proportion. The silica fume and the micro-beads are spherical porous structures, have large specific surface areas, play a role in water retention, can reduce the loss of water under the high-temperature condition and provide more free water for the hydration of cement; meanwhile, the silica fume and the microbeads can fill the pores among the cement particles, the ball bearing benefit and the strength enhancing benefit of the cement particles are exerted, the compactness of the sprayed concrete can be improved, the porosity is reduced, and the strength of the sprayed concrete is enhanced. The sodium carboxymethyl cellulose has the effects of accelerating coagulation and increasing viscosity, can improve the viscosity of concrete, and effectively reduces resilience in the concrete spraying construction process. The retarding component can ensure that the concrete has good working performance before the spraying construction.
The early strength component is utilized to accelerate the hydration process of cement, so that the rapid evaporation loss of water required by the hydration of the cement in a high-temperature environment is avoided, the early strength component can also improve the early strength, silica fume and micro-beads are utilized to retain water and improve the compactness, and the delayed coagulation component is utilized to adjust the working performance of concrete; through the interaction of all components, cement hydration is accelerated, early strength is improved, and internal water retention is carried out on concrete, so that the early strength of the sprayed concrete is rapidly increased under the dry-curing condition of 60 ℃, the strength loss of the concrete in a high-temperature environment can be effectively avoided, and the later compressive strength loss of the concrete is reduced to below 15%.
Preferably, the heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of early strength component, 2.5% of early strength type water reducing component, 8% of silica fume, 8% of micro-beads, 0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% of retarder and 49% of superfine mineral powder.
Preferably, the early-strength water-reducing component is powder obtained by mixing an early-strength water-reducing agent and superfine mineral powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, drying and grinding. More preferably, the preparation method of the early strength type water reducing component is as follows: mixing the early strength water reducing agent with superfine mineral powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, drying for 48 hours at 105 ℃, and grinding to obtain powder.
Preferably, the water reducing rate of the early strength water reducing agent is 25-30%.
Preferably, the silica fume is SiO 2 The content is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the bulk density is 600-900kg/m 2 The fully densified silica fume.
Preferably, the set retarding component comprises at least one of sodium gluconate, sucrose, sodium citrate or boric acid.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the anti-heat admixture for shotcrete, comprising the steps of:
p1, mixing the aluminum sulfate, the calcium oxide, the calcium nitrate, the superfine mineral powder and the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, and grinding the mixture to powder with the particle size of less than 0.15mm to obtain the early strength component.
And P2, mixing the early strength component obtained in the step P1 with an early strength type water reducing component, silica fume, microbeads, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a retarder and superfine mineral powder, and uniformly stirring to obtain the heat-resistant admixture for the sprayed concrete.
The invention further aims to provide application of the heat-resistant admixture in sprayed concrete, wherein the mixing amount of the heat-resistant admixture is 8-16% of the mass of the cementing material.
Preferably, the application method comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly stirring the heat-resistant admixture, a cementing material, aggregate, water and a water reducing agent to obtain concrete slurry;
and S2, loading the concrete slurry obtained in the step S1 into a spraying machine, conveying the concrete slurry to a spray head through a spraying pipeline, mixing the concrete slurry with an accelerator at the spray head to form sprayed concrete, and spraying the sprayed concrete from the spray head to a sprayed surface at a high speed.
After the concrete slurry in the step S2 is mixed with the accelerator, the accelerator can accelerate the initial setting and hardening of the concrete, and the water evaporation loss in the cement hydration process under the high-temperature condition is avoided. In addition, during the spraying construction, the accelerating components such as aluminum sulfate in the accelerating agent can react with calcium oxide in the early strength component to generate multi-sulfur type ettringite, so that the concrete can be rapidly solidified and hardened and can fix more free water, and the loss of the free water in the concrete from the surface of the concrete can be reduced to a certain extent after the concrete is hardened, so that more water is provided for the development of the subsequent concrete strength, and the later strength development of the concrete is promoted.
Preferably, the mass of the accelerating agent is 6-8% of the cementing material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the early strength component is utilized to accelerate the cement hydration process, so that the water required for hydration of cement in a high-temperature environment is prevented from being evaporated and lost, and the early strength is improved; silica fume and micro beads are used for water retention and compactness improvement, and retarding components are used for adjusting the working performance of concrete; the heat-resistant admixture can accelerate cement hydration, improve early strength and carry out internal water retention on concrete due to the cooperation of the components, so that the early strength of the sprayed concrete is rapidly increased under the condition of dry curing at 60 ℃, and the compressive strength loss of the concrete after 28 days is reduced to below 15%.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the preparation method of the early strength type water-reducing component was: mixing the early strength water reducing agent with superfine mineral powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, drying for 48 hours at 105 ℃, and grinding to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.075 mm; wherein the early strength type water reducing agent is an early strength type water reducing agent UJOIN-M43 produced by Wuhan three-source special building materials Limited company, and the water reducing rate is 26.5 percent. The stacking density of the superfine mineral powder is 300-400 kg/m 2 (ii) a The silica fume is SiO 2 The content is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the bulk density is 600-900kg/m 2 The fully densified silica fume of (1); the retarding component is at least one of sodium gluconate, sucrose, sodium citrate or boric acid.
Example 1
The heat-resistant admixture for the shotcrete comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
30% of early strength component, 2.5% of early strength type water reducing component, 8% of silica fume, 8% of micro-beads, 0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% of retarder and 49% of superfine mineral powder.
The mass ratio of the aluminum sulfate, the calcium oxide, the calcium nitrate, the superfine mineral powder and the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in the early strength component is 1:1.4:0.4:0.8: 0.4.
The preparation method of the anti-heat admixture for shotcrete of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
p1, mixing aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium nitrate, superfine mineral powder and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, and grinding the mixture to powder with the particle size of less than 0.15mm to obtain the early strength component.
And P2, mixing the early strength component, the early strength type water reducing component, the silica fume, the micro-beads, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the retarder and the superfine mineral powder, and uniformly stirring to obtain the heat-resistant admixture for the sprayed concrete.
Example 2
The difference between the example 2 and the example 1 is that the heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30% of early strength component, 2.5% of early strength type water reducing component, 3% of silica fume, 3% of microbead, 0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% of retarder and 59% of superfine mineral powder.
Example 3
The difference between the example 3 and the example 1 is that the heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete of the present embodiment comprises the following components by mass percent:
30% of early strength component, 2.5% of early strength type water reducing component, 8% of silica fume, 8% of microbead, 2.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 4% of retarder and 45% of superfine mineral powder.
Example 4
The difference between the example 4 and the example 1 is that the heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete of the present embodiment comprises the following components by mass percent:
15% of early strength component, 2.5% of early strength type water reducing component, 8% of silica fume, 8% of microbead, 2.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% of retarder and 62% of superfine mineral powder.
Example 5
Example 5 is different from example 1 in that the heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete of this example is such that the mass ratio of aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium nitrate, ultrafine ore powder and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in the early strength component is 1:1:0.4:0.8: 0.4.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that an anti-heat admixture for shotcrete of this comparative example does not contain an early strength component and the mass percentage of ultra fine ore powder increases to 79%.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that the heat-resistant admixture for shotcrete of this comparative example does not contain microbeads and the mass percentage of the ultrafine ore powder is increased to 57%.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that an anti-heat admixture for shotcrete of this comparative example does not contain microbeads and silica fume, and the mass percentage of ultrafine ore powder is increased to 65%.
Test examples
The anti-heat admixture for shotcrete of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present invention was added to concrete in an amount of 8 to 16% based on the content of the cementitious material, and the compounding ratio of the concrete is shown in table 1.
Table 1 shows the mix ratio (kg/m) of shotcrete 3 )
| Cement | River sand | Breaking stone | Water (W) | Water reducing agent | Accelerating agent |
| 450 | 830 | 830 | 175 | 4.5 | 31.5 |
The cement is P.I 42.5 portland cement, the fineness modulus of river sand is 2.2, the broken stone is 8-15 mm continuous graded broken stone, the water reducing agent is a water reducing agent finished product UJOIN-PC produced by Wuhan-source brocade building materials company Limited, and the accelerator is an early-strength alkali-free liquid accelerator UJOIN-S12 produced by Wuhan-source brocade building materials company Limited.
The application method of the anti-heat admixture for the shotcrete comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly stirring the heat-resistant admixtures of the examples and the comparative examples with cement, crushed stone, river sand, water and a water reducing agent to obtain concrete slurry, wherein the mass of the heat-resistant admixtures is 8-16% of that of the cement;
and S2, loading the concrete slurry obtained in the step S1 into a spraying machine, conveying the concrete slurry to a spray head through a spraying pipeline, mixing the concrete slurry with an accelerator at the spray head to form sprayed concrete, and spraying the sprayed concrete from the spray head to a sprayed surface at a high speed.
Concrete of examples and comparative examples was cured at 20 ℃ and 60 ℃ and the compressive strength of the concrete was measured according to the relevant specifications in GB/T50081-2002 Standard test methods for mechanical Properties of ordinary concrete, and the test data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 concrete performance test data
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the compressive strength of the concrete of the examples of the present invention was significantly improved under the same curing conditions as compared to the blank group, and the loss of compressive strength of the concrete under the 60 ℃ dry curing conditions was reduced from 24% to 15% or less. The effect of the embodiment 1 is best, and when the admixture content is 16%, the loss rate of the 28d compressive strength under the dry curing condition at 60 ℃ is only 2%. Compared with the example 1, the quality of the silica fume and the micro-beads is reduced in the example 2, the water retention effect of the silica fume and the micro-beads is weakened, and the compressive strength loss rate of the silica fume and the micro-beads in 28d under the condition of 60 ℃ dry-curing is increased to 8%; example 3 increases the mass of the retarder, delays the hydration of cement, loses moisture, influences the increase of the strength of the cement, and increases the compressive strength loss rate of the cement to 13% after 28d under the condition of dry curing at 60 ℃. Example 4 shows a slight decrease in early strength at 60 ℃ dry-cure with a 13% increase in 28d compressive strength loss after the early strength component mass is reduced. The inventor finds that on the basis of the embodiment 1, the use amount of the early strength component is increased, the compressive strength loss rate is not obviously reduced, and the construction state of the concrete is influenced; the use amount of the silica fume and the micro-beads is increased, the loss rate of the compressive strength is not obviously reduced, and the cost is increased. Compared with example 1, example 5 has reduced calcium oxide content, the coagulation speed is reduced, and the compressive strength loss rate of 28d under the condition of 60 ℃ dry-curing is increased to 9%.
As can be seen by comparing the data of example 1 and comparative example 1, the heat-resistant admixture of comparative example 1 does not contain an early strength component, the early strength thereof is significantly reduced, and the loss rate of compressive strength at 28d under the dry-curing condition at 60 ℃ is increased to 23%; by comparing the data of example 1 and comparative example 3, it can be seen that comparative example 3 does not contain glass and silica fume, and the compressive strength loss rate of 28d under the 60 ℃ dry-curing condition rises to 21%. The interaction between the early strength components, the micro-beads and the silica fume is shown, so that the hydration of cement is accelerated, the early strength is improved, and meanwhile, the internal water retention is carried out on the concrete, the early strength of the sprayed concrete is rapidly increased under the condition of dry curing at 60 ℃, the strength loss of the concrete in a high-temperature environment can be effectively avoided, and the later compressive strength loss of the concrete is reduced to below 15%.
As can be seen from the compressive strength data of the heat-resistant admixture in example 1 under different blending amounts, the higher the blending amount of the heat-resistant admixture is, the more obvious the improvement effect of the normal temperature and high temperature strength of the concrete is, and simultaneously, the cost is also increased, and the proper blending amount can be selected according to the strength requirement in practical use.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The heat-resistant admixture for the shotcrete is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
15-40% of an early strength component, 0.5-2.5% of an early strength type water reducing component, 3-15% of silica fume, 3-15% of microbeads, 0.1-2.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5-4% of a retarding component and the balance of superfine mineral powder;
the early strength component is prepared from aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium nitrate, superfine mineral powder and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate according to the mass ratio of 1: (1.0-1.5): (0.2-0.6): (0.6-1.0): (0.4-0.7) and grinding.
2. The anti-heat admixture for shotcrete according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components by mass: 30% of early strength component, 2.5% of early strength type water reducing component, 8% of silica fume, 8% of micro-beads, 0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% of retarder and 49% of superfine mineral powder.
3. The anti-heat admixture for shotcrete according to claim 1, wherein the early strength type water reducing agent is a powder obtained by mixing an early strength type water reducing agent and superfine mineral powder in a mass ratio of 1:4, drying and grinding.
4. The anti-thermal admixture for shotcrete according to claim 3, wherein the water reducing rate of the early strength type water reducing agent is 25 to 30%.
5. The anti-thermal admixture for shotcrete according to claim 1, wherein said silica fume is SiO 2 The content is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the bulk density is 600-900kg/m 2 The fully densified silica fume.
6. The anti-thermal admixture for shotcrete according to claim 1, wherein said set retarding component comprises at least one of sodium gluconate, sucrose, sodium citrate or boric acid.
7. The use of the anti-heat admixture according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in shotcrete, wherein the amount of the anti-heat admixture added to the shotcrete is 8 to 16% by mass of the cementitious material.
8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that the application method comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly stirring the heat-resistant admixture, a cementing material, aggregate, water and a water reducing agent to obtain concrete slurry;
and S2, loading the concrete slurry obtained in the step S1 into a spraying machine, conveying the concrete slurry to a spray head through a spraying pipeline, mixing the concrete slurry with an accelerating agent at the spray head to form sprayed concrete, and spraying the sprayed concrete from the spray head to a sprayed surface at a high speed.
9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that the mass of the accelerator is 6-8% of the cementitious material.
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| CN115536300B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-09-29 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | Functional admixture for sprayed concrete and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115849764B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-10-27 | 四川沃庆新材料科技有限公司 | Sprayed concrete admixture and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116621489B (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-10-27 | 石家庄市长安育才建材有限公司 | Sprayed concrete admixture |
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