CN113831065A - Machine-made sand high-performance concrete - Google Patents
Machine-made sand high-performance concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN113831065A CN113831065A CN202111034789.9A CN202111034789A CN113831065A CN 113831065 A CN113831065 A CN 113831065A CN 202111034789 A CN202111034789 A CN 202111034789A CN 113831065 A CN113831065 A CN 113831065A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxamide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN1CCNC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NC(=O)O3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NC5CC6=CC=CC=C6C5 NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a machine-made sand high-performance concrete which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 11.50-16.00 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.50-5.50 parts of slag powder; 30.80-34.80 parts of machine-made sand; 41.80-43.20 parts of broken stone; 0.15-0.25 part of an additive; water is added to 100 parts. According to the invention, the proportion range of cement, fly ash, slag powder, machine-made sand and broken stone is optimized, so that the strength of the concrete is related to the weight ratio of the components to adapt to the preparation of C40-C60 concrete, the comprehensive performance of the concrete is improved through the additive, and the concrete workability is improved, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the concrete has better universality and economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to machine-made sand high-performance concrete.
Background
In 1824, the british engineer aspertin obtained the first cement patent, which marks the birth of cement, after which cement and concrete began to be widely used in construction. In the middle and later period of the 19 th century, China introduced cement production technology and built the first cement plant in China in Shanghai, and has a history of over 100 years to date. The application of cement and concrete promotes the birth of modern civilization, which is the most economical building material with the largest consumption and the widest range in modern buildings and is widely applied to buildings, bridges, tunnels, roadbeds and other occasions. With the rapid development of the construction industry, higher requirements are put on the strength, durability and economy of concrete, and the traditional concrete can not meet the requirements more and more.
The high-performance concrete is a novel high-technology concrete, is produced by adopting conventional materials and processes, has various mechanical properties required by a concrete structure, and has high durability, high workability and high volume stability. At present, the concrete preparation is developed towards high performance, which is favorable for good working performance of concrete construction, durability suitable for long service life and the like. The strength grades of the existing concrete divided according to the standard compressive strength are called as labels and are divided into 19 grades of C10-C100. In the actual construction process, in order to gain greater economic benefits, concrete mixing ratios of different strength grades are needed, and the concrete mixing ratios of different strength grades are different and difficult to quickly adjust on the construction site. Therefore, by systematically giving the formulation of high performance concrete of 3 strength grades (C40, C50, C60), it is possible to promote the wide and rational application of high performance concrete in building structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide the machine-made sand high-performance concrete, and the aim of improving the universality and the economy of the concrete is fulfilled by designing the proportion suitable for the high-performance concrete of C40, C50 and C60.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a machine-made sand high-performance concrete comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 11.50-16.00 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.50-5.50 parts of slag powder; 30.80-34.80 parts of machine-made sand; 41.80-43.20 parts of broken stone; 0.15-0.25 part of an additive; water is added to 100 parts.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the actual production process, the strength of the concrete can be gradually improved by gradually reducing the specific gravity of the machine-made sand or improving the specific gravity of other components and adding water to 100 parts, so that the preparation method is suitable for the preparation of C40-C60 concrete, the strength of the concrete can be quickly adjusted on the construction site, and the universality is good; in addition, the framework of the concrete is formed by stacking machine-made sand and broken stones, cement is used as a cementing material, and admixtures such as fly ash and slag powder are added to improve the compactness of concrete slurry, reduce the drying shrinkage deformation of the concrete slurry, and finally improve the comprehensive performance of the concrete through an additive, so that the workability of the concrete is improved on the premise of ensuring the preset strength of the concrete; in summary, the proportion range of the cement, the fly ash, the slag powder, the machine-made sand and the broken stone is optimized, so that the strength of the concrete is related to the weight ratio of the components, the preparation of the C40-C60 concrete is adapted, the comprehensive performance of the concrete is improved through the admixture, the workability of the concrete is improved, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the concrete has good universality and economy.
Further, the mixture of cement and fly ash consists of P.II 52.5 Portland cement and class F class I fly ash. The P, II 52.5 portland cement has the main functions of making concrete reach stable strength, and on the basis, F class I fly ash and additive are added for modification, so that the concrete is quickly solidified and gelatinized during grouting, and has the advantages of good water stability, flow controllability, anti-dispersion property, grouting property, durability, high early strength and the like.
Further, the slag powder is S95-grade slag powder, and the density is more than or equal to 2.8g/cm3The specific surface area is not less than 400 square meters per kg, the fluidity ratio is not less than 95%, the loss on ignition is not more than 1.0%, the activity index is not less than 70% in 7 days, and the activity index is not less than 95% in 28 days. The S95-grade slag powder is formed by levigating water-quenched blast furnace slag, can form an interface transition area with machine-made sand and crushed stone, and can improve the strength of the interface transition area by filling the interface transition area with a mixture of cement and fly ash so as to obtain the preset strength.
Further, the machine-made sand is type 2 II sand. The particles of the machine-made sand are relatively irregular, so that the machine-made sand has better adhesion with other components, and the machine-made sand is used for replacing river sand to mix concrete, so that the production cost of the concrete can be effectively reduced while the strength of the concrete is ensured.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the cement to the machine-made sand in the mixture of the cement and the fly ash is (0.15-0.35): 1. the weight of the cement and the weight of the machine-made sand are correlated, and after the weight of the machine-made sand in the machine-made sand is determined, the mass of the cement and the mass of the fly ash can be determined quickly, so that the weight ratio of each component can be adjusted conveniently according to the strength of concrete.
Further, the crushed stone consists of 10-25 mm large crushed stone and 5-10 mm small crushed stone, and the mass ratio of the large crushed stone to the small crushed stone is 7: 3; the mud content of the broken stone is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the mud block content is 0, the needle-shaped content is less than or equal to 5 percent, the crushing value is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the apparent density is more than or equal to 2600kg/m3The void ratio is less than or equal to 43 percent, and the water absorption is less than or equal to 1.0 percent. The combination of such stones has a good support strength.
Further, the additive is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the pH value is 4.0-4.7, and the density is 1.02-1.06 g/cm3The fluidity of the cement paste is more than or equal to 180mm, the water reducing rate is more than or equal to 25%, the air content is less than or equal to 6.0%, the 1h slump loss is less than or equal to 80mm with time, the 7-day compressive strength ratio is more than or equal to 150%, and the 28-day compressive strength ratio is more than or equal to 140%. The polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent has the water reducing and reinforcing effects and the performance of retarding and maintaining plasticity, can improve the pumping performance of concrete, even if the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent smoothly passes through a pumping pipeline, has the performances of no blockage, no segregation and good viscoplasticity, and can improve the workability among various components of the concrete.
Preferably, the concrete with the strength grade of C40 consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight, 11.74 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 5.03 parts of slag powder; 34.44 parts of machine-made sand; 42.07 parts of broken stone; 0.18 part of additive; 6.54 parts of water.
Preferably, the concrete with the strength grade of C50 consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight, 14.49 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.63 parts of slag powder; 32.40 parts of machine-made sand; 42.93 parts of broken stone; 0.20 part of additive; 6.35 parts of water.
Preferably, the concrete with the strength grade of C60 consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight, 15.59 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.91 parts of slag powder; 31.09 parts of machine-made sand; 42.94 parts of crushed stone; 0.23 part of an additive; 6.24 parts of water.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the concrete is prepared by correlating the strength of the concrete with the weight ratio of the components through optimizing the proportioning range of cement, fly ash, slag powder, machine-made sand and broken stone, the concrete is suitable for the preparation of C40-C60 concrete, the comprehensive performance of the concrete is improved through the admixture, and the concrete has better universality and economy while the workability is improved and the cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the functions of the invention clearer and easier to understand, the invention is further described in the following with the specific embodiments.
Examples
Example 1: the invention discloses a machine-made sand high-performance concrete which is prepared by the following method,
s1 raw materials, specifically, 6.71 parts of cement, are prepared according to the table 1; 5.03 parts of fly ash; 5.03 parts of slag powder; 34.44 parts of machine-made sand; 29.45 parts of large crushed stone; 12.62 parts of small crushed stone; 0.18 part of additive; 6.54 parts of water;
wherein, the cementing material: the cement is P.II 52.5 Portland cement; the fly ash is F class I fly ash; the slag powder is S95 grade slag powder, and the density is more than or equal to 2.8g/cm3The specific surface area is more than or equal to 400 square meters per kg, the fluidity ratio is more than or equal to 95 percent, the ignition loss is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the activity index is more than or equal to 70 percent in 7 days, and the activity index is more than or equal to 95 percent in 28 days; the weight ratio of water to cementitious material is 0.39: 1;
fine aggregate: the machine-made sand is 2-zone II type sand, and the weight ratio of cement to the machine-made sand is 0.19: 1;
coarse aggregate: the macadam consists of 70 percent of 10-25 mm large macadam and 30 percent of 5-10 mm small macadam, the mud content of the macadam is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the mud block content is 0, the needle sheet content is less than or equal to 5 percent, the crushing value is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the apparent density is more than or equal to 2600kg/m3The void ratio is less than or equal to 43 percent, and the water absorption is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
the additive is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the pH value is 4.0-4.7, and the density is 1.02-1.06 g/cm3The fluidity of the cement paste is more than or equal to 180mm, the water reducing rate is more than or equal to 25%, the air content is less than or equal to 6.0%, the 1h slump loss is less than or equal to 80mm with time, the 7-day compressive strength ratio is more than or equal to 150%, and the 28-day compressive strength ratio is more than or equal to 140%.
S2, uniformly stirring the raw materials of S1 according to coarse aggregate (large crushed stone and small crushed stone), fine aggregate (machine-made sand) and cementing material (cement, slag powder and fly ash), mixing the admixture and water, slowly adding the mixture into a concrete mixer, and stirring for at least 2min at 47r/min to obtain the concrete.
Wherein the types and manufacturers/production places of the components in the raw materials are shown in Table 2.
Example 2: the invention discloses a machine-made sand high-performance concrete, which is different from the concrete in example 1 in that the weight parts and weight ratio of each component in raw materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 3: the invention discloses a machine-made sand high-performance concrete, which is different from the concrete in example 1 in that the weight parts and weight ratio of each component in raw materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 4: the invention discloses a machine-made sand high-performance concrete, which is different from the concrete in example 1 in that the weight parts and weight ratio of each component in raw materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 5: the invention discloses a machine-made sand high-performance concrete, which is different from the concrete in example 1 in that the weight parts and weight ratio of each component in raw materials are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Components | Model number | Manufacturer/origin |
| Portland cement | P, II 52.5 silicate cement | Ningguo cement plant of Enhan Hui cement Co Ltd |
| Slag powder | S95 grade slag powder | Ningbo Henlong New Material Ltd |
| Fly ash | Class F class I fly ash | Xuancheng Shuangle renewable resources Limited |
| Machine-made sand | 2-zone II type medium sand | Zhejiang gangteng building materials Co.,Ltd. |
| Large crushed stone | 10~25mm | Lanxi |
| Small crushed stone | 5~10mm | Lanxi |
| Additive agent | Visco-20 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent | Shanghai Intelligent bearing building materials Co Ltd |
| Water (W) | Tap water | Shaoxing wine |
Performance test
The concrete of examples 1 to 5 was tested for strength and slump according to the method of GB/T50081-2019, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | |
| 7 day compressive strength (MPa) | 42.7 | 53.1 | 62.2 | 42.5 | 63.5 |
| 28 days compressive strength (MPa) | 51.6 | 60.6 | 70.6 | 55.7 | 68.6 |
| Strength grade | C40 | C50 | C60 | C40 | C60 |
| Slump (mm) | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 |
As can be seen from Table 3, examples 1-5 can gradually increase the strength of the concrete by gradually decreasing the specific gravity of the machine-made sand or increasing the specific gravity of other components and adding water to 100 parts, so as to adapt to the preparation of C40-C60 concrete, quickly adjust the strength of the concrete on the construction site, and have good universality; in addition, the mechanical property and other comprehensive properties of the concrete can be obviously improved by increasing the dosage of cementing material components (cement, slag powder and fly ash), reducing the dosage of water and properly adjusting the sand rate.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a mechanism sand high performance concrete which characterized in that: the cement-fly ash composite material is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 11.50-16.00 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.50-5.50 parts of slag powder; 30.80-34.80 parts of machine-made sand; 41.80-43.20 parts of broken stone; 0.15-0.25 part of an additive; water is added to 100 parts.
2. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the mixture of cement and fly ash consists of P.II 52.5 Portland cement and class F class I fly ash.
3. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the slag powder is S95-grade slag powder, and the density is more than or equal to 2.8g/cm3The specific surface area is not less than 400 square meters per kg, the fluidity ratio is not less than 95%, the loss on ignition is not more than 1.0%, the activity index is not less than 70% in 7 days, and the activity index is not less than 95% in 28 days.
4. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the machine-made sand is 2-zone II type medium sand.
5. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of cement to the machine-made sand in the mixture of the cement and the fly ash is (0.15-0.35): 1.
6. the machine-made sand high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the crushed stone consists of 10-25 mm large crushed stone and 5-10 mm small crushed stone, and the mass ratio of the large crushed stone to the small crushed stone is 7: 3; the mud content of the broken stone is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the mud block content is 0, the needle-shaped content is less than or equal to 5 percent, the crushing value is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the apparent density is more than or equal to 2600kg/m3The void ratio is less than or equal to 43 percent, and the water absorption is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
7. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the additive is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the pH value is 4.0-4.7, and the density is 1.02-1.06 g/cm3The fluidity of the cement paste is more than or equal to 180mm, the water reducing rate is more than or equal to 25%, the air content is less than or equal to 6.0%, the 1h slump loss is less than or equal to 80mm with time, the 7-day compressive strength ratio is more than or equal to 150%, and the 28-day compressive strength ratio is more than or equal to 140%.
8. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the cement-fly ash composite material consists of the following raw materials, 11.74 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 5.03 parts of slag powder; 34.44 parts of machine-made sand; 42.07 parts of broken stone; 0.18 part of additive; water is added to 100 parts.
9. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the cement-fly ash composite material consists of 14.49 parts of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.63 parts of slag powder; 32.40 parts of machine-made sand; 42.93 parts of broken stone; 0.20 part of additive; water is added to 100 parts.
10. The machine-made sand high performance concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the cement-fly ash composite material consists of the following raw materials, 15.59 parts by weight of a mixture of cement and fly ash; 3.91 parts of slag powder; 31.09 parts of machine-made sand; 42.94 parts of crushed stone; 0.23 part of an additive; water is added to 100 parts.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114890733A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-12 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of green ecological concrete test piece |
| CN114956735A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 防城港智汇双碳产业研究院 | Machine-made sand pumping concrete for sealing carbon dioxide and preparation method thereof |
| CN116768545A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-19 | 中铁二十二局集团轨道工程有限公司 | Shield segment concrete containing machine-made sand and manufacturing process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103288398A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-11 | 宁波市高等级公路建设指挥部 | High-performance machine-made sand marine concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN105645894A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 武汉武新新型建材股份有限公司 | High-performance concrete with large mixing amount of mineral powder and manufacturing method of high-performance concrete |
| CN106396522A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 重庆市忠州曼子建材集团有限公司 | High-performance concrete |
-
2021
- 2021-09-04 CN CN202111034789.9A patent/CN113831065A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103288398A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-11 | 宁波市高等级公路建设指挥部 | High-performance machine-made sand marine concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN105645894A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 武汉武新新型建材股份有限公司 | High-performance concrete with large mixing amount of mineral powder and manufacturing method of high-performance concrete |
| CN106396522A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 重庆市忠州曼子建材集团有限公司 | High-performance concrete |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114890733A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-12 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of green ecological concrete test piece |
| CN114956735A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 防城港智汇双碳产业研究院 | Machine-made sand pumping concrete for sealing carbon dioxide and preparation method thereof |
| CN116768545A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-19 | 中铁二十二局集团轨道工程有限公司 | Shield segment concrete containing machine-made sand and manufacturing process |
| CN116768545B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2024-03-12 | 中铁二十二局集团轨道工程有限公司 | Shield segment concrete containing machine-made sand and manufacturing process |
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