CN114477465A - Shallow water area water ecological restoration system and method - Google Patents
Shallow water area water ecological restoration system and method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for repairing water ecology in a shallow water area, which define a water-land boundary within a water depth range of 0-0.5 m as a planting area; the planting area comprises emergent aquatic plants or hygrophyte systems with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land and submerged plant systems planted along one surface of the water area. The emergent aquatic plant or the hygrophyte system with smaller plants planted along one side of the land comprises one or more of foxtail algae powder, copper cash, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agaves, rhizoma alismatis, leersia hexandra and water spinach; the submerged plant system planted along one side of the water area comprises one or more of Liziza, Dazsch, Xiaozsch and raccoon. The invention can solve the defect that the shallow water area is easy to cause alopecia areata in general water ecological restoration, can purify the water quality of the shallow water area, obviously improves the coverage of aquatic plants in the shallow water area and forms the underwater grassland in the shallow water area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of water ecology construction, water landscape and river and lake water environment treatment, in particular to a system and a method for restoring water ecology in a shallow water area.
Background
In recent years, with the concept of ecological development and sustainable development, the ecological method is more and more popular for treating the water environment of rivers and lakes. The ecological method for restoring the water environment is not only beneficial to improving the water quality of rivers and lakes, but also has ecological friendliness and good landscape.
The existing ecological restoration method mainly comprises the steps of constructing a food net chain consisting of microorganisms, aquatic plants and aquatic animals, converting pollutants in a water body into animal and plant biomass finally by utilizing the material circulation and energy circulation functions of the food net chain, and removing the pollutants finally by harvesting and harvesting. The common water ecological restoration plants mainly comprise plants such as tape grass, potamogeton sinense, goldfish algae, watermifoil and the like with large biomass and good purification effect, and the plants are tall and suitable for growing in water depth of 0.5-3 m and can form a flaky underwater forest. However, the submerged plants are limited in growth in the water depth range of 0-0.5 m at the land and water boundary, so that the alopecia areata phenomenon at the land and water boundary is caused, and the serious image influences the landscape of water ecology.
Based on the method, the water ecological restoration method for the shallow water area of 0-0.5 m can obviously improve the coverage of aquatic plants in the water-land connection area and increase the water ecological landscape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for ecological restoration of water in a shallow water area of 0-0.5 m, which can overcome the defect of easy alopecia areata in the shallow water area in general ecological restoration of water, purify the water quality of the shallow water area, remarkably improve the coverage of aquatic plants in the shallow water area and form an underwater grassland in the shallow water area.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a shallow water area water ecological restoration system is characterized in that a water-land boundary is defined as a planting area within a water depth range of 0-0.5 m; the planting area comprises emergent aquatic plants or hygrophyte systems with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land and submerged plant systems planted along one surface of the water area.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant or the wet plant system with smaller plants planted along one side of the land comprises one or more of myriophyllum hybridum, copper cash, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agave, rhizoma alismatis, leersia hexandra and water spinach; the submerged plant system planted along one side of the water area comprises one or more of Lizhu algae, Dazhu algae, Xiaozhu algae and raccoon beaver algae.
Further, the shallow water area water ecological restoration system is applied to ecological restoration of shallow water areas of 0-0.5 m, wherein the shallow water areas are river and lake edge water areas with the annual lowest air temperature of more than 0 ℃, water surfaces of the shallow water areas are not frozen, and annual water level change does not exceed +/-0.3 m.
The invention also provides a method for restoring the water ecology in the shallow water area, which comprises the following steps:
s1: defining a water-water boundary within 0-0.5 m water depth range as a planting area;
s2: cleaning garbage, animal and plant residues in the planting area;
s3: improving the substrate in the planting area as required;
s4: planting emergent aquatic plants or hygrophytes with smaller plants along one surface of the land, and planting submerged plants along one surface of the water area;
s5: manual maintenance, timely harvesting, controlling population proportion, preventing single population from flooding and ensuring biological diversity.
Preferably, the method can be used for planting under the condition of carrying water, water drainage is not needed, and the construction safety is guaranteed.
Preferably, whether step S3 is required or not can be determined according to the situation of the substrate in which the method is carried out, and if the concentration of the contaminant in the substrate is high, the method is required to be carried out, and if the concentration of the contaminant in the substrate is low, the method can be selected to be carried out.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plants or hygrophytes with smaller plants planted along one side of the land comprise one or more of foxtail algae, copper coin grass, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agave, rhizoma alismatis, leersia hexandra and swamp morningglory planted along one side of the water area, and the submerged plants comprise one or more of limnophytes, large arrowroot algae, small arrowroot algae and racoon raccoon canary. And constructing the underwater grassland in the shallow water area by utilizing the characteristics of different ecological niches of different types of plants.
Preferably, the emerging plants or the wet plants with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land are provided with watermifoil, cupressure, cress and the like, the growth period is from spring to autumn every year, the biomass in the growth period is increased rapidly, the emergent plants or the wet plants move to the water area side from the boundary of the submerged plants, and the emergent plants or the wet plants wither in winter and move to the land area side from the boundary of the submerged plants.
Preferably, one or more of the submerged plants of the liriophytes, the dartsia, the triviaria and the raccoon are planted along one surface of the water area, the overground part disappears 3-4 months per year, the overground part grows again in 11 months, and the growing area expands to one side of the land area.
Preferably, the emerging plants or the wet plants with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land can be powdered foxtail algae, copper coin grass, cress and the like, and the submerged plants planted along one surface of the water area can be synergistically complemented in the fields of seasonal growth of population, boundary movement and the like, so that the shallow water area can be evergreen all the year round and has good landscape.
Preferably: the ratio of plants planted along one surface of land to plants planted along one surface of water area is 1: 3-2: 1.
Preferably, the plants can effectively remove the content of pollutants such as N, P in water, and have good removal effect on substances such as organic pollutants, heavy metals and the like in water.
Preferably, the plant can further promote the sedimentation of suspended substances in a shallow water area, and further improve the transparency of the water body.
Preferably, after the aquatic plants are constructed, the aquatic plants can be provided with habitation places, benthonic animals living in deep water areas with the depth of more than 0.5 m, such as snails, clams and shrimps, and even aquatic animals, such as fishes, are further attracted to come forward, a complete food net chain is formed, and ecological harmony is promoted.
Preferably, the artificial maintenance mainly comprises methods of pruning, pinching, forking and the like, wherein biomass control is carried out on one or more of the emergent aquatic plants or the hygrophytes with smaller plants planted along one side of the land in spring to autumn every year, such as myriophyllum elatinoides, copper cash, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agave grass, rhizoma alismatis, setaria hexandra and swamp aquatica to prevent flooding, and one or more of the submerged plants such as litsea cubeba, large arrowroot algae, small arrowroot algae and racoon raccoon herb are planted along one side of the water area in winter every year to prevent flooding.
Preferably, the artificial maintenance method further comprises the steps of reseeding, wherein the plant growth conditions in the growth area are tracked and observed at the replacement stage of each year, reseeding is carried out on the area which does not grow in time, one or more of foxtail algae, copper coin grass, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agave, rhizoma alismatis, leersia hexandra and swamp are reseeded on one side close to the land area in the boundary of the land area and the water area, one or more of lima algae, big arrowroot algae, small arrowroot algae and racoon dog algae are reseeded on one side close to the water area outside the boundary, and the ecological potential balance among the populations is ensured.
Nostoc commune, Latin name Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc, Eupatorium of Ericaceae, perennial emergent or submerged herbaceous plant. The watery green myriophyllum can be used for greening water bodies and improving the water quality of sewage, and is not like water hyacinth.
Copper coin grass (Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.) is a plant of the genus Hydrocotyle of the family Umbelliferae, is a perennial emergent aquatic or hygrophyte ornamental plant, is strong in nature, easy to plant, rapid to reproduce and amphibious. The leaves of the copper cash are round and round, are much like copper cash and have extremely high ornamental value. The herba Lysimachiae Christinae has effects of purifying air and water, and its plant can be used as medicinal material, and has effects of clearing heat, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain.
Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC is a perennial herb of the genus Oenanthe of the family Umbelliferae. Cress likes moist and fertile soil, and has strong waterlogging resistance and cold resistance. Suitable for growth at 15-20 deg.c and can resist low temperature below 0 deg.c. Generally, the plants grow on low wetlands, shallow water swamps, on the bank of rivers, or in paddy fields.
The plant of the genus Artzia belongs to the genus Artzia, the name Najas marina L. The submerged herbs grow in one year.
The Kazuki (Najas minor All.) is an annual submerged plant of the genus Kazuki, a plant of the genus Kazuki.
Nutria algae (academy name: Utricularia Vulgaris L.) is aquatic herb of nutria of Palmaceae.
Limnocera (Nitella mucosa J.Groves) is a plant of the genus Limnocera of the family Veronicaceae, the plant body is soft and slender, the branches are more equi-potential branches, and the branches are less uniaxial branches; each stem node is mostly single-wheel, and 2-3 wheels are reduced; the method is characterized by comprising the steps of dividing fertile and sterile small branches, wherein the fertile small branches are much shorter and dense, and some of the fertile small branches are still coated with colloid. Mainly produced in slightly acidic waters in tropical and subtropical regions.
Alligator alternanthera, original name: happy lotus seed, another name: amaranthus marsupium, ipomoea aquatica, revolutionary grass and alternanthera philoxeroides, the Latin name: alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, Amaranthaceae, Nelumbo, perennial herbs.
Polygonum hydropiper L is an annual herb plant of Polygonaceae, and grows in riverbank, ditch side and valley wetland with elevation of 50-3500 m.
Ottelia alismoides (Linn.) Pers is a submerged herbaceous plant of the genus Ottelia of the family Amydaceae, and is commonly grown in lakes, ditches, ponds, paddy fields and water-accumulating depressions.
Rhizoma alismatis (academic name: Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.) is a perennial aquatic or marsh herb. Shallow water zones, swamps, ditches and low-lying wetlands, which grow in lakes, estuaries, streams and ponds, also grow.
Leersia hexandra (academic name: Leersia parviflora Leersia australis) is a pseudorice plant of the Gramineae family, also called blighted shell grass, a grass weed, and is a perennial grass. It grows in river ditches, field banks and water borders.
Swamp mornings are perennial submerged monocotyledons with floating leaves, and are grown in shallow ponds, brooks and paddy fields.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) in the shallow water area water ecological restoration system, one or more of emergent aquatic plants or wet plants with smaller plants planted along one surface of land, namely, watermifoil, cupressus, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agaves, rhizoma alismatis, leersia hexandra and swamp morningglory are grown in the growth period from spring to autumn every year, the biomass in the growth period is increased rapidly, the emergent aquatic plants or wet plants move to one side of a water area from a boundary of a submerged plant, wither in winter and move to one side of a land area from a boundary of the submerged plant. One or more submerged plants of Lizhuan, Dayina, Xiaoyina and raccoon are planted along one side of the water area, the overground part disappears in 3-4 months each year, the overground part grows again in 11 months, and the growing area expands to one side of the land area. Emergent aquatic plants or hygrophytes with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land and submerged plants planted along one surface of the water area can be in synergistic complementation in the fields of population seasonal growth, boundary movement and the like, so that the shallow water area can be evergreen all the year round, and the landscape has good landscape. The plant can effectively remove the content of pollutants such as N, P in water, and has good removing effect on organic pollutants, heavy metals and other substances in water. The plant can further promote the sedimentation of suspended substances in a shallow water area, and further improve the transparency of the water body.
2) After the aquatic plants are constructed, the aquatic plants can be provided with habitation houses, benthonic animals living in deep water areas with the depth of more than 0.5 m, such as snails, clams and shrimps, and even aquatic animals, such as fishes, can be further attracted to come forward, a complete food network chain is formed, and ecological harmony is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a population-to-population structure constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The various reference numbers in the figures have the following meanings:
1: planting areas in shallow water.
2: one or more of smaller emergent aquatic plants or wet plants planted along one side of land, such as Vulva linnaeus, Aleuritopteris argentea, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Polygonum hydropiper, Ottelia alisma, Poa hexandra Swartz and ipomoea aquatica.
3: one or more of the submerged plants of Lizhao, Dazhiang, Xiaozhiang and raccoon are planted along one side of the water area.
4: and the boundary between emergent aquatic plants or hygrophytes with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land and submerged plants planted along one surface of the water area.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
firstly, defining a water depth range of 0-0.5 m at an amphibious junction as an implementation area, and cleaning garbage and animal and plant residues in the implementation area.
And (3) determining whether to modify the substrate according to the substrate condition in the implementation area, wherein common modifying methods comprise adding a soil disinfectant, a soil microelement nutrient, a substrate modifying microorganism and the like.
And designing the planting proportion of the aquatic plants according to the water depth distribution and the water quality condition of a planting area.
And (3) planting aquatic plants, namely planting the aquatic plants in a cutting mode, wherein all the aquatic plants in the range of 2 and 3 areas are included as shown in figure 1.
The aquatic plants are maintained artificially, and the ecological niches of different kinds of plants are adjusted according to the change of seasons to achieve the maximum plant coverage, wherein 4 in the figure shows different changes along with the change of seasons.
The invention selects a part of land-water connection area of a gentle slope entering a lake to carry out experiments, the lake finishes the water ecological construction, but the plant growth condition of a shallow water area is extremely poor, the alopecia areata phenomenon is obvious, and the water quality shows surface water III-IV types. The test area is a nearly straight land and water junction, the length is 100 meters, the width is 3 meters, and the gentle slope ratio is 1: 6, the water depth is 0-0.5 m. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table:
table 1 example 1 comparison of water indicators in test zones before and after remediation
The implementation result shows that for rivers and lakes with constructed aquatic ecology, the invention can obviously improve the coverage of aquatic plants in a shallow water area, solve the problem of alopecia areata along the bank and also has certain effect on improving the water quality in the area.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and is not limited by the embodiments described above, and any simple modifications or equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A shallow water area water ecological restoration system is characterized in that a water-land boundary is defined as a planting area within a water depth range of 0-0.5 m; the planting area comprises emergent aquatic plants or hygrophyte systems with smaller plants planted along one surface of the land and submerged plant systems planted along one surface of the water area.
2. The shallow water ecological restoration system of claim 1, wherein the smaller emergent or hygrophyte systems planted along one side of land comprise one or more of watercress, ramosia japonica, palustris, alternanthera, polygonum hydropiper, agaves, alisma, setaria praecox, swamp morningglory and swamp morningglory; the submerged plant system planted along one side of the water area comprises one or more of Lizhu algae, Dazhu algae, Xiaozhu algae and raccoon beaver algae.
3. The shallow water area water ecological restoration system of claim 1 is applied to ecological restoration of shallow water areas of 0-0.5 m, wherein the shallow water areas are river and lake water areas with annual minimum air temperature of more than 0 ℃, unfrozen water surfaces and annual water level variation of not more than +/-0.3 m.
4. A method for ecological restoration of water in a shallow water area is characterized by comprising the following steps: .
S1: defining a water-water boundary within 0-0.5 m water depth range as a planting area;
s2: cleaning garbage, animal and plant residues in the planting area;
s3: improving the substrate in the planting area as required;
s4: planting emergent aquatic plants or hygrophytes with smaller plants along one surface of the land, and planting submerged plants along one surface of the water area;
s5: manual maintenance, timely harvesting, controlling population proportion, preventing single population from flooding and ensuring biological diversity.
5. The ecological restoration method for shallow water area water as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S3, whether or not improvement of the substrate in the planting area is required can be determined according to the substrate condition of the implementation area, if the concentration of the contaminant in the substrate is higher, the implementation is required, and if the concentration of the contaminant in the substrate is lower, the implementation can be selected.
6. The ecological restoration method for shallow water as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S4, the submerged plants can be planted under the water-carrying condition without water discharge.
7. The method for ecologically restoring water in shallow water areas as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S4, the young emerged or wet plants planted along one side of the land include one or more of Uvularia gigantea, Aleurites angustifolia, Oenanthe javanica, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Polygonum hydropiper, Agrimonia pilosa, Alisma orientale, Poa lissima, and swamp morningglory; submerged plants including one or more of Lizhuicai, Dazizhuan, Xiaozizhuan and Myocasiae can be planted along one side of the water area; the ratio of plants planted along one surface of land to plants planted along one surface of water area is 1: 3-2: 1.
8. The ecological restoration method for shallow water areas according to claim 4, wherein in step S4, the artificial maintenance comprises pruning, pinching and forking, biomass control is performed on the emergent aquatic plants or the hygrophytes with smaller plants planted along one side of the land area in spring to autumn every year to prevent flooding, and submerged plants are controlled to be planted along one side of the water area in winter to prevent flooding every year.
9. The method for restoring ecology of water in shallow waters according to claim 8, wherein the artificial conservation method further comprises a step of reseeding at step S4, wherein the method comprises following the growth of plants in the growing area at the alternation of seasons every year, reseeding the area which does not grow in time, reseeding one or more of foxtail pink green algae, cupressula, cress, alternanthera philoxeroides, polygonum hydropiper, agrimony, alisma orientale, setaria hexandra, and swamp in the boundary between the land side and the water side near the land, and reseeding one or more of lima alga, large arrowroot alga, small arrowroot alga, and racoon dog outside the boundary near the water side to ensure the ecological niche balance between populations.
10. The method for ecologically restoring water in shallow waters according to claim 9, wherein the young plants or the hygrophytes planted along the land side grow in their growth period in spring to autumn each year, and the biomass in the growth period rapidly increases, moves to the water side from the boundary of the submerged plant, withers in winter, and moves to the land side from the boundary of the submerged plant; the overground part of the submerged plant planted along one side of the water area disappears in 3-4 months every year, the submerged plant starts to grow again in 11 months, and the growing area expands towards one side of the land area; the two populations are subjected to seasonal growth, boundary movement and cooperative complementation, so that the shallow water area can be evergreen all the year round, and the landscape is good.
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