CN114475914A

CN114475914A - Ship

Info

Publication number: CN114475914A
Application number: CN202111599865.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安志杰; 徐晨; 程磊; 孙新华
Original assignee: Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-24
Filing date: 2021-12-24
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-24
Also published as: CN114475914B

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship, which comprises a ship body and an anchoring device arranged on the ship body. The ship body is provided with a channel well with a vertical direction projection component, the channel well penetrates through the bottom of the ship body, an outlet of the channel well is positioned at the bottom of the ship body, and a protection piece is arranged at the outlet of the channel well; the anchoring device comprises a cable, an anchor part and a winding component, wherein the cable is arranged in the passage well in a penetrating mode, the first end of the cable is connected with the anchor part, and the second end of the cable is wound on the winding component so as to throw the anchor part out of the ship body or retract the anchor part into an outlet. The anchoring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the anchoring mode is vertical anchoring, the anchoring piece is thrown out from the bottom of the ship body, so that the paint falling of the ship hull plate is avoided, and meanwhile, compared with the prior art, the end surface of the channel well is flush with the bottom surface of the ship body, and the anchoring piece can be completely retracted into the channel well, namely completely hidden at the bottom of the ship body, so that the sailing resistance of the ship is reduced, the operation cost of the ship is reduced, and a new direction is indicated for the anchoring of the ship.

Description

Ship

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a ship.

Background

During the transportation process of the ship, the anchoring refers to the operation process of using anchoring equipment to make the ship stop at a berth. In the current marine anchoring process of a ship, the ship moves along with sea waves, ocean currents, sea winds and the like, and the position of an anchor is not moved, so that an anchor chain can scrape the bulb or the head of the ship, the bulb or the head is protected by paint to fall off, the corrosion of the bulb or the head is accelerated, docking is needed for maintenance, the cost is high, the period is long, and the operation planning of the ship is delayed.

In conclusion, the technical problem that the ship is easy to scratch during anchoring in the prior art is solved, the maintenance cost of the ship is increased, and the operation time of the ship is shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a ship, which solves the technical problem of high maintenance cost caused by anchoring in the prior art.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the scheme that the ship comprises a ship body and an anchoring device arranged on the ship body; wherein: the ship body is provided with a channel well with a vertical direction projection component, the channel well penetrates through the bottom of the ship body, an outlet of the channel well is positioned at the bottom of the ship body, and a protection piece is arranged at the outlet of the channel well; the anchoring device comprises a cable, an anchor and a winding component, wherein the cable is arranged in the passage well in a penetrating mode, the first end of the cable is connected to the anchor, and the second end of the cable is wound on the winding component so that the anchor can be thrown out of the ship body or collected in the outlet.

Further, the passage well comprises a cable passage and a collection hole which are communicated; the cross-sectional dimension of the cable channel is smaller than that of the collection hole; the collection acupuncture points are located at the bottom of the ship body and used for containing the anchor pieces.

Furthermore, the cross section of the channel well is rectangular, and the collection hole is of a cubic structure; the protecting piece is a first guide wheel which is flush with or protrudes out of the bottom surface of the ship body.

Furthermore, a convex guide part is arranged in the collection hole, the guide part is provided with a through hole, the collection hole is communicated with the cable passage through the guide part, and a second guide wheel for protection is arranged at the end part of the guide part.

Furthermore, a limit baffle is arranged in the collection hole, and a ring groove used for containing an anchor fluke of the anchor piece is formed in the limit baffle.

The second end of the cable is connected to the rope winding guide wheel and is sequentially wound on the rope winding guide wheel, the direction-changing guide wheel and the force-bearing guide wheel; the cable is wound on the bearing guide wheel for at least three circles, and the bearing guide wheel is provided with a locking mechanism.

Furthermore, the winch assembly further comprises a cable guide piece, the cable guide piece is arranged between the rope winding guide wheel and the variable guide wheel, and the cable is sequentially wound on the rope winding guide wheel, the cable guide piece, the variable guide wheel and the force bearing guide wheel.

Furthermore, the winch component also comprises a telescopic adjusting guide wheel, and the adjusting guide wheel is positioned between the direction-changing guide wheel and the force-bearing guide wheel along the extension direction of the cable.

Furthermore, the winch component also comprises a tensioning guide wheel and a locking guide wheel which are sequentially arranged behind the force bearing guide wheel at intervals along the throwing-out direction of the cable; the installation position of the tensioning guide wheel and the installation position of the bearing guide wheel have a height difference, so that the cable wound out of the bearing guide wheel has a vertical upward projection component; a brake mechanism for locking the rotating shaft is arranged on the locking guide wheel; the cable is reversed by the locking guide pulley to extend into the access well.

Furthermore, the rope rolling guide wheel, the force bearing guide wheel, the direction changing guide wheel and the adjusting guide wheel are all arranged on a lower deck of the ship body, and the tensioning guide wheel and the locking guide wheel are arranged on a main deck of the ship body; the passage well is vertical and communicated with the inner bottom plate of the ship body and the main deck in a penetrating way; the main deck and the lower deck are used for arranging reinforcing structures are correspondingly arranged on the cabin body of the winch assembly.

According to the technical scheme, the ship provided by the invention comprises the ship body and the anchoring device arranged on the ship body, and the ship body realizes the switching of anchoring and anchoring through the anchoring device and is used for stabilizing anchoring. Wherein: the hull is equipped with the passageway well that has vertical direction projection weight, and the passageway well runs through the bottom of hull, and the export of passageway well is located the bottom of hull, and the exit of passageway well is provided with the protection piece for the substructure of protection hull reduces the damage. The anchoring device comprises a cable, an anchor piece and a hoisting component, the cable is arranged in the passage well in a penetrating mode, the first end of the cable is connected with the anchor piece, the second end of the cable is wound on the hoisting component, and the hoisting component achieves throwing, locking or recycling of the cable so as to throw the anchor piece out of the ship body or collect the anchor piece in an outlet. In the anchoring process, the winch assembly applies force to tighten, the anchor piece goes out from the bottom of the ship, the ship body moves along with sea waves, ocean currents, sea wind and the like, the protecting piece used for being in contact with the cable is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom surface of the channel well connected with the ship body, the direct contact between the ship body and the cable is avoided, the self structure of the ship body can be effectively prevented from being damaged, and the paint on the outer plate is not damaged.

The anchor discharging mode in the prior art is generally horizontal anchor discharging, namely, the anchor discharging mode is that the anchor chain of the existing anchoring device can scrape the bulb or the head of a ship in the process that a ship body moves along with sea waves, ocean currents, sea winds and the like, so that protective paint of the bulb or the head of the ship is caused to fall off, further, the corrosion of the bulb or the head is accelerated, docking is needed for maintenance, the cost is high, the period is long, and the operation planning of the ship is delayed. The anchoring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the anchoring mode is vertical anchoring, the anchoring piece is thrown out from the bottom of the ship body, so that the paint falling of the outer plate of the ship body is avoided, meanwhile, in the prior art, the end surface of the channel well is flush with the bottom surface of the ship body, and the anchoring piece can be completely retracted into the channel well, namely completely hidden at the bottom of the ship body, so that the navigation resistance of the ship is reduced, the operation cost of the ship is reduced, and a new direction is pointed for the anchoring of the ship.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a view showing an installation structure of a mooring device of a vessel on a hull according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the winching assembly in the mooring arrangement of figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1.

Reference numerals: 1-hull, 11-first floor deck, 12-main deck, 13-lower deck, 14-inner bottom plate; 2-channel well, 21-cable channel, 22-collection hole, 23-first guide wheel, 24-second guide wheel and 25-limit baffle; 3-a cable; 4-an anchor; 5-a winding component, 51-a rope winding guide wheel, 52-a force bearing guide wheel, 53-a direction-changing guide wheel and 54-an adjusting guide wheel; 55-tensioning guide wheel; 56-locking guide wheel, 57-cable guide member.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.

The invention provides a ship, which can effectively ensure that the structure of a ship body and paint on an outer plate are not damaged in order to solve the technical problems that the ship is easy to scratch during anchoring, the maintenance cost of the ship is increased, and the operation time of the ship is shortened in the prior art. The technical solution of the present invention is explained in detail by a specific example below:

the ship provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a ship body 1 and an anchoring device arranged on the ship body 1, wherein the ship body 1 realizes the switching of anchoring and anchoring by the anchoring device and is used for stabilizing anchoring. Wherein: the hull 1 is equipped with the passageway well 2 that has vertical direction projection component, and the passageway well 2 runs through the bottom of hull 1, and the export of passageway well 2 is located the bottom of hull 1, and the exit of passageway well 2 is provided with the protection piece for the substructure of protection hull 1 reduces the damage. The anchoring device comprises a cable 3, an anchor 4 and a hoisting component 5, wherein the cable 3 is arranged in the passage well 2 in a penetrating way, the first end of the cable 3 is connected with the anchor 4, the second end of the cable is wound on the hoisting component 5, and the hoisting component 5 realizes the throwing, locking or recovery of the cable 3 so as to throw the anchor 4 out of the ship body 1 or retract the anchor 4 into an outlet. In the anchoring process, the winch component 5 applies force to tighten, the anchor 4 goes out of the bottom of the ship, the ship body 1 moves along with sea waves, ocean currents, sea wind and the like, the inner wall of the bottom surface of the channel well 2 connected with the ship body 1 is provided with a protection piece used for being in contact with the cable 3, the direct contact between the ship body 1 and the cable 3 is avoided, the self structure of the ship body 1 can be effectively prevented from being damaged, and the paint on the outer plate is not damaged.

In order to ensure the normal operation of the ship transportation operation, in the embodiment, the end of the storage cavity 22 is flush with the bottom surface of the ship body 1, so that the bottom of the ship body 1 is flat. The anchor 4 of the invention is out of the bottom of the ship, and the anchor 4 can be completely retracted into the ship, thereby reducing the sailing resistance of the ship.

In the prior art, the anchor discharging mode is generally horizontal anchor discharging, namely, the anchor discharging mode is that the anchor chain of the existing anchoring device can scrape the bulb or the head of a ship in the process that the ship body 1 moves along with sea waves, ocean currents, sea winds and the like, so that protective paint of the bulb or the head of the ship is caused to fall off, further the corrosion of the bulb or the head of the ship is accelerated, docking is needed for maintenance, the cost is high, the period is long, and the operation planning of the ship is delayed. The anchor discharging mode of the anchoring device provided by the invention is vertical anchor discharging, and the anchor 4 is thrown out from the bottom of the ship body 1, so that the paint falling of the outer plate of the ship body 1 is avoided. Compared with the prior art, the end surface of the channel well 2 is flush with the bottom surface of the ship body 1, and the anchor 4 can be completely retracted into the channel well 2, namely completely hidden at the bottom of the ship body 1, so that the navigation resistance of the ship is reduced.

The invention does not limit the specific implementation mode and the specific structure of the contact position in the channel well 2, as long as the cable 3 can be ensured not to be in direct contact with and scratch the bottom body of the hull 1. In some embodiments, the passage well 2 may be configured to have a diameter-variable structure with a turning point, that is, the inner walls of two adjacent through sections have an included angle, which is not a smooth diameter-variable "horn section", the turning point forms a contact position, and a protection member is disposed on the well wall at the outlet end of the passage well 2, so that the cable 3 is scraped on the protection member at the bottom, thereby effectively preventing the cable 3 from directly contacting with the hull 1, and reducing the dropping of the paint outer plate.

The hawser 3 slides on the contact object in the process of receiving and releasing, in order to adapt to the motion operating mode of hawser 3, reduces friction, protection architecture as far as possible to increase of service life, in this embodiment, the protection piece is first guide pulley 23, and first guide pulley 23 is flush with the bottom surface of hull 1 or protrusion in the bottom surface of hull 1. Since the guide wheel is a rotatable structure so as to adapt to the running of the ship, the running resistance of the ship is not increased, and the distance between the guide wheel and the bottom surface of the ship is preferably controlled so as to reduce the resistance as much as possible.

In order to facilitate the arrangement of the first guide wheels 23 on the circumferential direction of the wall of the passage well 2, in this embodiment, the section of the passage well 2 is rectangular, the storage cavity 22 is in a cubic structure, and the four long first guide wheels 23 are respectively arranged on one wall surface of the passage well 2.

In order to confirm the position of the anchor 4 during recovery, avoid the anchor releasing time of anchoring operation caused by excessively long recovery and reduce unnecessary time waste, in the embodiment, the passage well 2 comprises a passage 21 of the cable 3 and a collection hole 22 which are communicated; the cross section size of the passage 21 of the cable 3 is smaller than that of the collection hole 22; the storage cavity 22 is located at the bottom of the hull 1 and is used for receiving the anchor 4, and under the action of the passage 21 of the cable 3, a positioning limit can be provided for the position of the anchor 4 when the anchor is recovered.

Because the size of the channel 21 of the cable 3 is different from that of the storing cavity 22, the cable 3 can rotate at the joint of the channel 21 and the storing cavity 22 and generate scratch with the inner wall of the channel well 2 in the anchoring process, in order to not damage the structure and ensure the strength of the cable 3, in the embodiment, a convex guide part is arranged in the storing cavity 22, the guide part is provided with a through hole, the storing cavity 22 is communicated with the channel 21 of the cable 3 through the guide part, and the end part of the guide part is provided with a second guide wheel 24 for protection.

In order to avoid damage caused by direct collision of the anchor 4 with the passage well 2 and to ensure strength, in the embodiment, a limiting structure is arranged in the storing cavity 22, specifically, the limiting structure is a limiting baffle 25, a ring groove for accommodating a fluke of the anchor 4 is formed in the limiting baffle 25, and in the process of recovering the anchor 4, the fluke passes through the ring groove, so that the anchor 4 is positioned by the limiting baffle 25 after rising to a set position, and the fluke of the anchor 4 is prevented from rising to contact with the top surface of the storing cavity 22.

In order to control the retraction and locking of the cable 3, in this embodiment, the winding assembly 5 includes a rope winding guide wheel 51, a direction-changing guide wheel 53 and a force-bearing guide wheel 52, the second end of the cable 3 is connected to the rope winding guide wheel 51 and sequentially wound on the rope winding guide wheel 51, the direction-changing guide wheel 53 and the force-bearing guide wheel 52, that is, the cable 3 is stored by the rope winding guide wheel 51, the direction-changing guide wheel 53 is favorable for the layout and direction changing of the cable 3, and the force-bearing guide wheel 52 is a main force-bearing device.

In order to ensure stability, in the embodiment, the cable 3 is wound on the bearing guide wheel 52 for at least three circles, and the bearing guide wheel 52 is provided with a locking mechanism. Preferably, the cable 3 is cross-wound at least 10 turns on the messenger 52.

It should be noted that the winding device mentioned in this specification is not completely wound in a complete circle, and some of the winding devices are only in contact with the wheel surface of the guide wheel, such as 1/4, 1/2 on the peripheral surface of the guide wheel, for example, the connection mode of the movable pulley and the static pulley.

In order to expand the layout range of the hoisting device and expand the application range to improve the applicability, in this embodiment, the hoisting assembly 5 further includes a cable guide 57, the cable guide 57 is disposed between the rope winding guide wheel 51 and the direction-changing guide wheel 53, and the cable 3 is sequentially wound around the rope winding guide wheel 51, the cable guide 57, the direction-changing guide wheel 53 and the force-bearing guide wheel 52.

In this embodiment, the messenger wheel 52 can be released, only the rope-rolling guide wheel 51 is driven, the messenger wheel 52 is retracted under the action of the rope-rolling guide wheel 51 and the gravity of the anchor 4, and the messenger wheel 52 and the rope-rolling guide wheel 51 can also be driven simultaneously. In order to assist in adjusting the retraction of the cable 3, in this embodiment, the hoisting assembly 5 further includes a retractable adjusting guide wheel 54, and the adjusting guide wheel 54 is located between the direction-changing guide wheel 53 and the force-bearing guide wheel 52 along the extending direction of the cable 3.

In order to ensure the locking of the force-bearing guide wheel 52 and the force-bearing stability, in this embodiment, the hoisting assembly 5 further includes a tension guide wheel 55 and a locking guide wheel 56 which are sequentially arranged behind the force-bearing guide wheel 52 at intervals along the throwing-out direction of the cable 3; the installation position of the tension guide wheel 55 and the installation position of the bearing guide wheel 52 have a height difference, so that the cable 3 wound out of the bearing guide wheel 52 has a vertical upward projection component to enhance the locking effect of the bearing guide wheel 52. In order to control the movement of the cable 3 under the action of the anchor 4, in the embodiment, a brake mechanism for locking the rotating shaft is arranged on the locking guide wheel 56; cable 3 is diverted by lock pulley 56 to extend into shaft 2.

Some impurities may be hooked in the process of recovering the cable 3, and in this embodiment, the tension guide wheel 55 and/or the locking guide wheel 56 are provided with a washing water pipe to wash marine life, dirt, and the like of the steel cable 3.

In order to ensure the safety of the ship under some severe working conditions, in the embodiment, the force-bearing guide wheel 52 is further provided with a cutting mechanism for cutting the cable 3 emergently, so as to cut the steel cable 3 emergently to abandon the anchor.

It should be noted that the throwing direction and the extending direction mentioned in the present embodiment indicate the moving direction of the cable 3 in the case where the anchor 4 is sunk and the cable 3 is lowered.

The invention does not limit the specific layout of the winding device, and only needs to ensure the strength and the safety. Preferably, in the embodiment, the rope winding guide wheel 51, the bearing guide wheel 52, the direction-changing guide wheel 53 and the adjusting guide wheel 54 are all arranged on the lower deck 13 of the hull 1, and the tensioning guide wheel 55 and the locking guide wheel 56 are arranged on the main deck 12 of the hull 1; the shaft 2 is vertically and continuously connected to the inner bottom plate 14 and the main deck 12 of the hull 1.

Because the bearing capacity that the hoisting device receives is born by the ship body finally, in order to guarantee the intensity of boats and ships, in this embodiment, main deck 12 and lower deck 13 all correspond on being used for setting up the cabin body of hoist subassembly 5 and are provided with additional strengthening.

In this embodiment, each guide wheel in the winch assembly 5 is hydraulically driven, and a hydraulic pump station is prepared on the ship.

In order to monitor the tension of the cable 3, a tension sensor for monitoring the tension is further provided in this embodiment, and the position of the tension sensor is not particularly limited in the present invention, and in this embodiment, the tension sensor is provided on the adjusting guide wheel 54.

The using method and the working principle of the ship provided by the embodiment are as follows:

all guide wheels of the winding assembly 5 are opened through the control box, the anchor is released through the self-weight action of the rope winding guide wheel 51, the cable guide member 57 and the anchor part 4, and after the anchor reaches the bottom of the sea, the locking guide wheel 56 is closed, and the steel cable 3 is locked. The adjusting guide wheel 54 detects the tension of the steel cable 3, contracts and adjusts to ensure that the tension is within the design range, closes the locking mechanism on the bearing guide wheel 52, locks the steel cable 3, ensures that the steel cable does not slide, and achieves the anchoring effect.

During the anchoring process, the ship moves along with sea waves, ocean currents, sea wind and the like, and the steel cable 3 slides on the first guide wheel 23 and the second guide wheel 24, so that the steel cable 3 is prevented from being damaged and the paint on the outer plate is not damaged.

In the anchoring process, when the tension of the steel cable 3 is detected to be greater than a designed value, the control box opens the locking mechanisms, hydraulically drives the rope winding guide wheel 51 and the force bearing guide wheel 52 to rotate, lowers the steel cable 3, ensures that the tension of the steel cable 3 is within the designed value range, and then closes all the locking mechanisms; when the tension of the steel cable 3 is detected to be smaller than the designed value, the locking mechanism is opened through the control box, the hydraulic drive adjusting guide wheel 54 stretches and retracts to adjust the downward-placing length of the steel cable 3, the rope rolling guide wheel 51 and the bearing guide wheel 52 are driven to rotate hydraulically if necessary, the steel cable 3 is recycled, the tension of the steel cable 3 is ensured to be within the designed value range, and therefore the steel cable 3 is protected from being damaged. In an emergency, the hydraulic drive cutter on the bearing guide wheel 52 cuts off the steel cable 3 to abandon the anchor, thereby ensuring the safety of the ship.

When the anchor is taken off and sails, the locking mechanism is opened through the control box, the rope winding guide wheel 51 and the force bearing guide wheel 52 are driven to rotate hydraulically, the steel cable rope 3 is recovered, the flushing water pipe is opened in the recovery process, marine organisms, dirt and the like of the steel cable rope 3 are flushed, the anchor is finally recovered into the collection hole 22, the whole anchor is stored inside the ship body 1, and the sailing resistance of the ship is reduced.

Through the embodiment, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:

compared with the prior art, the ship provided by the invention has the advantages that the end surface of the channel well is flush with the bottom surface of the ship body, the anchor can be completely retracted into the channel well, namely completely hidden at the bottom of the ship body, the sailing resistance of the ship is reduced, and meanwhile, the ship provided by the invention fully considers the structural strength, the supporting mode, the manufacturing process, the use effect, the installation convenience and the operation feasibility. The steel wire rope is adopted to replace a steel ring in the prior art, so that the problem that the protective paint of the ship bulb or the bow part is separated due to scraping of the anchor chain and corrosion of the bulb or the bow part is accelerated is solved, the operation cost of the ship is reduced, and a new direction is indicated for anchoring the ship.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. A marine vessel comprising a hull and mooring means provided on said hull; wherein: the ship body is provided with a channel well with a vertical direction projection component, the channel well penetrates through the bottom of the ship body, an outlet of the channel well is positioned at the bottom of the ship body, and a protection piece is arranged at the outlet of the channel well; the anchoring device comprises a cable, an anchor and a winding component, wherein the cable is arranged in the passage well in a penetrating mode, the first end of the cable is connected to the anchor, and the second end of the cable is wound on the winding component so as to enable the anchor to be thrown out of the ship body or be collected in the outlet.

2. The vessel of claim 1, wherein the passage well includes a cable passage and a stowage cavity in communication; the cross-sectional dimension of the cable channel is smaller than that of the collection hole; the collection acupuncture point is arranged at the bottom of the ship body and used for receiving the anchor.

3. The vessel of claim 2, wherein said access well is rectangular in cross-section and said stowage cavity is of a cubic configuration; the protecting piece is a first guide wheel which is flush with or protrudes out of the bottom surface of the ship body.

4. A vessel as claimed in claim 2, wherein a projecting guide portion is provided in said housing, said guide portion having a through hole, said housing communicating with said cable passage through said guide portion, said guide portion having a second guide wheel at an end thereof for protection.

5. The vessel of claim 2 wherein a retainer plate is positioned within said storage cavity, said retainer plate defining a circumferential groove for receiving a fluke of said anchor.

6. The ship of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the hoisting assembly comprises a rope winding guide wheel, a direction-changing guide wheel and a bearing guide wheel, and the second end of the cable is connected to the rope winding guide wheel and sequentially wound on the rope winding guide wheel, the direction-changing guide wheel and the bearing guide wheel; the cable is wound on the bearing guide wheel for at least three circles, and the bearing guide wheel is provided with a locking mechanism.

7. The vessel of claim 6, wherein the winch assembly further comprises a cable guide disposed between the rope winding guide and the direction-changing guide, and the cable is wound around the rope winding guide, the cable guide, the direction-changing guide and the idler in sequence.

8. The vessel of claim 7, wherein the winch assembly further comprises a retractable adjustment guide wheel, the adjustment guide wheel being positioned between the direction-changing guide wheel and the idler wheel in the direction of extension of the cable.

9. The vessel of claim 8, wherein the winch assembly further comprises a tensioning guide wheel and a locking guide wheel which are sequentially arranged behind the messenger wheel at intervals along the throwing direction of the cable; the installation position of the tensioning guide wheel and the installation position of the bearing guide wheel have a height difference, so that the cable wound out of the bearing guide wheel has a vertical upward projection component; a brake mechanism for locking the rotating shaft is arranged on the locking guide wheel; the cable is reversed by the locking guide pulley to extend into the access well.

10. The ship of claim 9, wherein the rope-rolling guide wheel, the bearing guide wheel, the direction-changing guide wheel and the adjusting guide wheel are all arranged on a lower deck of the ship body, and the tensioning guide wheel and the locking guide wheel are arranged on a main deck of the ship body; the passage well is vertical and communicated with the inner bottom plate of the ship body and the main deck in a penetrating way; the main deck and the lower deck are used for arranging the cabin body of the winch assembly, and reinforcing structures are correspondingly arranged on the cabin body of the winch assembly.