CN114475484A - Automobile electrical system and automobile - Google Patents
Automobile electrical system and automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN114475484A CN114475484A CN202210276772.2A CN202210276772A CN114475484A CN 114475484 A CN114475484 A CN 114475484A CN 202210276772 A CN202210276772 A CN 202210276772A CN 114475484 A CN114475484 A CN 114475484A
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- isolation circuit
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- diode
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile electrical system and an automobile, comprising: the automobile electric system also comprises a direct current converter, a first isolation circuit and a second isolation circuit; the first end of the first isolation circuit and the first end of the second isolation circuit are both connected with the first battery, and the second end of the first isolation circuit and the second end of the second isolation circuit are both connected with the first side of the direct current converter; the second battery is connected with the second side of the direct current converter; the third end of the second isolation circuit is respectively connected with a plurality of electric devices; the first isolation circuit comprises at least one first isolation device and is used for turning off the corresponding first isolation device when the voltage abrupt change of one side of the direct current converter is detected, so that the voltage between the first side and the second side of the direct current converter is isolated. The invention can avoid the adverse effect of the voltage fluctuation of the power grid on the electric equipment and ensure the safety of the automobile power supply network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to an automobile electrical system and an automobile.
Background
At present, a single 12V lead-acid storage battery is generally adopted for fuel oil passenger vehicles, and after a high-power electrical appliance and an electric controller share one power supply, the power utilization fluctuation of the high-power electrical appliance can bring interference to the electric controller. And because of the rapid development of new technologies such as intelligent cabins, the requirements on the stability and safety of the electric energy of the automobile power grid are higher and higher, and if only one independent storage battery supplies power (without a redundant power supply network), the requirements on the stability and safety of the passenger car are difficult to meet.
At present, some schemes refer to the adoption of a redundant power supply network as a power supply network, and although the power supply network can also solve the problem that the power consumption fluctuation of a high-power electrical appliance brings interference to an electric controller when one power supply is shared, some existing schemes do not solve the problem that when a certain power supply or an associated circuit connected with the certain power supply generates a voltage disturbance phenomenon, how to effectively isolate the influence of the voltage disturbance on another power supply and the associated circuit, so that stable power supply is difficult to be carried out on the electrical appliance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an automobile electrical system and an automobile, and solves the technical problem that when a certain power supply or an associated circuit connected with the power supply generates voltage disturbance in a redundant power supply network, the other power supply and the associated circuit are subjected to voltage disturbance, so that stable power supply for electric equipment is difficult.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an automotive electrical system comprising:
the automobile electric system also comprises a direct current converter and a first isolation circuit;
the first end of the first isolation circuit is connected with the first battery, and the second end of the first isolation circuit is connected with the first side of the direct current converter; the second battery is connected with the second side of the direct current converter;
the first isolation circuit comprises at least one first isolation device and is used for turning off the corresponding first isolation device when voltage abrupt change of one side of the direct current converter is detected, so that voltage isolation between the first side and the second side of the direct current converter is realized.
Optionally, the battery charger further comprises a second isolation circuit, a first end of the second isolation circuit is connected to the first battery, a second end of the second isolation circuit is connected to the first side of the dc converter, and a third end of the second isolation circuit is connected to a plurality of power consumers;
the second isolation circuit comprises at least one second isolation device and is used for blocking current on one side of the second isolation circuit from flowing into the other side of the second isolation circuit, and meanwhile, the first battery and the second battery are enabled to supply power to electric equipment through the second isolation device.
Optionally, the first isolation circuit includes a first electronic switch and a second electronic switch connected in series; the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch are connected in a reverse direction.
Optionally, the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch both include an MOS transistor and a third diode, a gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the control side of the dc converter, a source of the MOS transistor is connected to an anode of the third diode, and a drain of the MOS transistor is connected to a cathode of the third diode.
Optionally, the second isolation circuit includes a first diode and a second diode;
the anode of the first diode is connected with the first end of the direct current converter, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the second diode, and the anode of the second diode is connected with the first battery.
Optionally, cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to one end of a fuse, and the other end of the fuse is connected to an electric device.
Optionally, the first isolation circuit includes a third electronic switch, one end of the third electronic switch is connected to the first end of the dc converter, and the other end of the third electronic switch is connected to the first battery.
Optionally, the first isolation circuit includes at least one fuse, one end of the fuse is connected to the first end of the dc converter, and the other end of the fuse is connected to the first battery.
Optionally, the supply voltage of the first battery is less than the supply voltage of the second battery; the first battery is a 12V power supply battery, the second battery is a 24V power supply battery, and the first battery and the second battery are lithium batteries.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an automobile comprising a starter, a generator and an automobile electrical system provided in the first aspect of the present application, the second battery connecting the starter and the generator.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, through the isolation effect of the first isolation circuit, when the voltage mutation at one side of the direct current converter is detected, the corresponding first isolation device is turned off, so that the fluctuating voltage at one side of the direct current converter cannot influence the power grid at the other side of the direct current converter.
It should be understood that the statements in this section do not necessarily identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor do they necessarily limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system to which a second embodiment of the present invention is applied;
FIG. 3 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system to which a third embodiment of the present invention is applicable;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific connection relationship between a first isolation circuit and a second isolation circuit of an automotive electrical system according to a third embodiment;
fig. 5 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of an automotive electrical system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of an electrical system of an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to an electrical control system of an automobile. As shown in fig. 1, the system includes:
the system comprises at least two batteries, a direct current converter 3 and a first isolation circuit 4, wherein the at least two batteries comprise a first battery 1 and a second battery 2;
a first end of the first isolation circuit 4 is connected with the first battery 1, and a second end of the first isolation circuit 4 is connected with a first side of the direct current converter 3; the second battery 2 is connected with the second side of the direct current converter 3;
specifically, as can be seen from fig. 1, the first battery 1 is connected to a first end of the first isolation circuit 4; the first side of the direct current converter 3 is connected with the second end of the first isolation circuit 4 and the second end; the second battery 2 is connected to the second side of the dc converter 3, so that the voltage of the second battery 2 can be converted by the dc converter 3 to obtain a voltage that can be used for supplying power to the electrical equipment.
The first isolation circuit 4 comprises at least one first isolation device for, when a sudden voltage change on one side of the dc converter 3 is detected, turning off the corresponding first isolation device, so that the voltage between the first side and the second side of the dc converter 3 is isolated.
Specifically, the first isolation circuit 4 may include at least one first isolation device for conducting and disconnecting the circuit in time, for example, when the vehicle normally runs, the voltage on both sides of the dc converter 3 is stable, and the first isolation circuit 4 may be controlled to be in a conducting state, so that both the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 may supply power to the electric device. When the voltage of the power grid on the first side of the dc converter 3 drops due to the start of the electric equipment, the second battery 2 can convert the voltage of the dc converter 3 into the electric equipment to provide stable power supply.
In addition, when a load switch of the grid on one side of the dc converter 3 is disconnected or a high voltage pulse is generated, an abrupt voltage is generated, and in order to avoid the voltage on one side of the dc converter 3 from being transferred to the other side of the dc converter 3, the first isolation circuit 4 may be disconnected, so that the voltage between the first side and the second side of the dc converter 3 is isolated.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, through the isolation effect of the first isolation circuit, when the voltage mutation at one side of the direct current converter is detected, the corresponding first isolation device is turned off, so that the fluctuating voltage at one side of the direct current converter cannot influence the power grid at the other side of the direct current converter.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment further discloses a second isolation circuit based on the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, a second isolation circuit 5 is also included in the system.
The second isolation circuit 5 comprises at least one second isolation device for blocking current from flowing from one side of the second isolation circuit 5 to the other side of the second isolation circuit 5, and enabling the first battery 1 and the second battery 3 to supply power to the electric equipment through the second isolation device.
Specifically, the second isolation circuit 5 may include at least one isolation device, a first end of the second isolation circuit 5 is connected to the first battery 1, a second end of the second isolation circuit is connected to the first end of the dc converter 3, and a third end of the second isolation circuit is connected to the electric device. The second isolation circuit 5 may block the voltage on one side of the dc converter 3 from passing to the other side of the dc converter 3. If the second isolation circuit 5 is not present, when a short circuit to ground occurs on either side of the dc converter 3, the current can flow directly to one side of the ground, and then neither the first battery 1 nor the second battery 2 can supply power to the electric device.
In addition, the second isolation device in the second isolation circuit 5 may also provide a conducting function for the first battery 1 and the second battery 2, respectively, so that the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 may supply power to the electric device, respectively. If the first isolation circuit 4 has an open-circuit fault, the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 can also supply power to the electric equipment, so that the running time of the related electric appliances of the vehicle can be prolonged, and the vehicle and a driver can conveniently take corresponding measures instead of emergency accidents caused by sudden power failure.
In the embodiment, the second isolation circuit blocks the current on one side of the second isolation circuit from flowing into the other side of the second isolation circuit, so that the short-circuit protection effect is realized; and the second isolation circuit can also play a role in power supply conduction, so that the first battery and the second battery can supply power for the electric equipment through the second isolation device of the second isolation circuit.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment further discloses specific structures of a first isolation circuit and a second isolation circuit on the basis of the second embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, the first isolation circuit in the system specifically includes:
a first electronic switch 41 and a second electronic switch 42 connected in series; the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are connected in opposite directions.
It should be noted that the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch used in this embodiment have the same specific structure, and both include an MOS transistor and a third diode, a gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the control side of the dc converter, a source is connected to an anode of the third diode, and a drain is connected to a cathode of the third diode.
The first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are connected in opposite directions, which specifically includes two cases. The first case includes: the anode of the third diode of the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the anode of the third diode of the second electronic switch 42, and similarly, the source of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor in the second electronic switch 42. The second case includes: the cathode of the third diode of the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the negative of the third diode of the second electronic switch 42, and the drain of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is also connected to the drain of the MOS transistor in the second electronic switch 42. Both of these conditions can cause the first isolation circuit to be in an off state when the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are turned off.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, in the connection manner of the first isolation circuit and the second isolation circuit, the drain of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the first side of the dc converter 3, the source of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor in the second electronic switch 42, and the drain of the MOS transistor in the second electronic switch 42 is connected to the first battery 1, so that when both the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are turned off, the first isolation circuit 4 is in an off state; when the first electronic switch 41 is turned on and the second electronic switch 42 is turned off, the current flowing from the dc converter 3 to the first isolation circuit 4 can pass, and the current flowing from the first battery 1 to the first isolation circuit 4 cannot pass; when the second electronic switch 42 is turned on and the first electronic switch 41 is turned off, the current flowing from the dc converter 3 to the first isolation circuit 4 cannot pass, and the current flowing from the first battery 1 to the first isolation circuit 4 can pass; when the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are both conducting, the first isolation circuit is in a bidirectional conducting state. When another connection mode is adopted, namely the source of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 42 is connected to the first side of the dc converter 3, the drain of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor in the second electronic switch 42, and the source of the MOS transistor in the second electronic switch 42 is connected to the first battery 1, when both the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are turned off, the first isolation circuit 4 is in an off state; when the first electronic switch 41 is turned on and the second electronic switch 42 is turned off, the current flowing from the dc converter 3 to the first isolation circuit 4 cannot pass, and the current flowing from the first battery 1 to the first isolation circuit 4 can pass; when the second electronic switch is turned on and the first electronic switch 41 is turned off, the current flowing from the dc converter 3 to the first isolation circuit 4 can pass, and the current flowing from the first battery 1 to the first isolation circuit 4 cannot pass; when the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are both conducting, the first isolation circuit is in a bidirectional conducting state.
In this application, when the electric vehicle system of the automobile normally operates, the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are both in the conducting state, and at this time, the current can pass through the MOS transistors in the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42, so that the excessive heat generation of the diodes in the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 caused by the large current in the electric system is avoided.
In addition, since the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the control side of the dc converter, when a voltage jump occurs on one side of the dc converter, the dc converter can control the corresponding electronic switch, so that the voltage between the first side and the second side of the dc converter is isolated. For example, when the vehicle is running and the voltage on the 12V side provided by the first battery drops (for example, lower than 12.5V) due to the turn-on of the 12V electric equipment, the dc converter may send a control signal to the first electronic switch and the gates of the MOS transistors of the first electronic switch, and both the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch are controlled to be turned on, and at this time, the voltage of 24V provided by the second battery passes through the step-down function of the dc converter to deliver the voltage of 12.5V to the 12V low-voltage side, so as to maintain the 12.5V stable power supply on the low-voltage side; if the load switch is disconnected when the 12V power grid is used, and voltage mutation occurs, for example, reverse-4V voltage is generated, after the direct current converter detects negative voltage, a control signal is sent to the grid electrode of the second electronic switch, so that the second electronic switch is turned off, and the-4V voltage on the low-voltage side cannot be transmitted to the interior of the direct current converter and the high-voltage side 24V.
Similarly, if the high voltage pulse generated by the second battery 2 is coupled to the high voltage side of 24V, it may also generate a high voltage higher than 15V to the low voltage side of the dc converter 3, and when the dc converter 3 detects the high voltage, a control signal may be sent to the gate of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch, so as to control the first electronic switch to be turned off, and then the high voltage will not be transmitted to the low voltage side power grid.
In a specific embodiment, the second isolation circuit includes a first diode and a second diode;
the positive pole of the first diode is connected with the first end of the direct current converter, the negative pole of the first diode is connected with the negative pole of the second diode, and the positive pole of the second diode is connected with the first battery.
In the present application, the positive electrode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the dc converter, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected to the negative electrode of the second diode, and the positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the first battery, so that the current on one side of the second isolation circuit 5 is blocked from flowing into the other side of the second isolation circuit 5.
Specifically, if a short-circuit to ground fault occurs on either side of the first battery 1 or the second battery 2, the first diode and the second diode are present, and the unidirectional conduction characteristic of the first diode and the second diode prevents the current generated by the first battery or the second battery from flowing from one side of the second isolation circuit 5 to the other side, so that the short-circuit protection function is realized. If the first diode and the second diode are not present, the current on one side of the second isolation circuit 5 flows to the other side, and at this time, the first battery 1 or the second battery 2 is directly grounded, so that the power supply for the electric equipment cannot be performed.
In a specific embodiment, the cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are connected to one end of a fuse, and the other end of the fuse is connected to the electric equipment.
It should be noted that, because the positive electrode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the dc converter, the positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the first battery, the negative electrodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to one end of the fuse, and the other end of the fuse is connected to the electric device, the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 can both supply power to the electric device through the diodes. For example, as shown in the circuit diagram of fig. 4, when the first electronic switch 41 has an open-circuit fault, the electric energy generated by the second power source 2 cannot be transmitted to the electric equipment, and the first power source 1 can still normally supply power to the electric equipment due to the existence of the first diode and the second diode; similarly, when the second electronic switch 42 has an open-circuit fault, the electric energy generated by the first power source 1 cannot be transmitted to the electric equipment, and the second power source 2 can still normally supply power to the electric equipment due to the existence of the first diode and the second diode; therefore, the running time of the related electric appliances of the vehicle can be prolonged, the vehicle and a driver can conveniently take corresponding measures instead of emergency accidents caused by sudden power failure, and the safety of electric equipment such as an emergency data recording box and an automobile electric controller is ensured.
In a particular embodiment, the supply voltage of the first battery 1 is lower than the supply voltage of the second battery.
Specifically, the first battery is a 12V power supply battery, the second battery 2 is a 24V power supply battery, and the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 are lithium batteries.
It should be noted that, the first battery 1 of the present invention is a 12V lithium battery, the second battery 2 is a 24V lithium battery, and the 12V lithium battery is mainly connected to a low voltage power supply device and is used for supplying power to a low voltage electric device. The 24V lithium battery connection can be connected with a starter and a generator and used for starting the internal combustion engine so as to start the automobile, and mechanical energy is obtained through a front end driving system of the internal combustion engine, namely a driving belt pulley, and then is converted into 24V direct current and is transmitted to the 24V lithium battery for storage; because the 12V lithium battery is larger in power failure at low temperature, the 12V lithium battery is difficult to be used as a starting power supply of a starter at low temperature, so that the 24V lithium battery can be used as the starting power supply of the starter, the cost of the 12V lithium battery is lower, and the 12V lithium battery can be used for supplying power to 12V electric equipment. The electric equipment in the invention can comprise emergency data recording boxes EDR, 12V electric equipment, automobile electric controllers ECU (electric controllers for controlling vehicle running-engine, speed changer, brake, etc.), etc.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, through the isolation effect of the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42, when the voltage mutation at one side of the direct current converter is detected, the corresponding first isolation device is turned off, so that the fluctuation voltage at one side of the direct current converter cannot influence the power grid at the other side of the direct current converter, and the electric controller is prevented from being adversely influenced by the fluctuation belt of an electric appliance to the power grid. The current on one side of the second isolation circuit is blocked from flowing into the other side of the second isolation circuit through the second isolation circuit consisting of the first diode and the second diode, so that the short-circuit protection effect is realized; and the unidirectional conduction effect of the first diode and the second diode can also supply power for the electric equipment by the first battery and the second battery in addition, so that the electric safety of the electric equipment is ensured.
Example four
Fig. 5 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the first isolation circuit in the system includes a third electronic switch 43, one end of the third electronic switch 43 is connected to the first end of the dc converter 3, and the other end is connected to the first battery 1. The second isolation circuit 5 has a structure identical to that of the second isolation circuit 5 of the third embodiment, and includes a first diode and a second diode, wherein an anode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the dc converter 3, a cathode of the first diode is connected to a cathode of the second diode, and an anode of the second diode is connected to the first battery 1.
When only one third electronic switch 43 is provided in the present embodiment, the current generated by the first battery 1 or the second battery 2 flows to the other side due to the orientation of the diode in the electronic switch. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the anode of the diode in the third electronic switch 43 is connected to the first battery 1, so that the current generated by the first battery 1 can flow to the dc converter 3 through the third electronic switch 43, and this connection can only protect the stable operation of the power supply side of the first battery 1. Likewise, if the anode of the diode in the third electronic switch 43 is connected to the dc converter 3, the current generated by the second battery 2 can flow to the first battery 1 after passing through the dc converter 3, so that the stable operation of the dc converter 3 and the power supply side of the second battery 2 can be protected.
EXAMPLE five
Fig. 6 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the first isolation circuit 4 in the system comprises at least one fuse, one end of the fuse is connected to the first side of the dc converter 3, and the other end is connected to the first battery 1, wherein the second isolation circuit 5 has a constant structure and comprises a first diode and a second diode, the anode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the dc converter 3, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the first battery 1.
This embodiment has simplified the setting of first electronic switch and second electronic switch, has adopted the fuse to replace first electronic switch and second electronic switch for under the condition that the circuit broke down, the fuse can be when line current is too big automatic disconnection, makes the security of having protected whole electric wire netting, and after the disconnection, first battery and second battery still can be through first diode and second diode for the consumer supplies power.
EXAMPLE six
Fig. 7 is a system architecture diagram of an automotive electrical system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the first isolation circuit in the system includes a first electronic switch 41 and a second electronic switch 42 connected in series; the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 are connected in opposite directions, and the scheme does not include a second isolation circuit.
As shown in fig. 7, the source of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the source of the second electronic switch 42 and a plurality of fuses, and the other end of the fuse is connected to the electrical appliance; the drain of the MOS transistor in the first electronic switch 41 is connected to the dc converter.
This embodiment may control the first electronic switch 41 and the second electronic switch 42 via the dc converter such that the fluctuating voltage on one side of the first isolation circuit 4 does not affect the other side of the first isolation circuit 4. And can also control the first power supply 1 or the second power supply 2 to supply power to a plurality of electric devices.
The application also provides an embodiment of an automobile, the automobile comprises a starter, a generator and the automobile electrical system provided in the above embodiment of the application, and the second battery is connected with the starter and the generator.
In particular, the second battery 2 can be connected to a starter and a generator for starting the internal combustion engine, thus starting the vehicle, and mechanical energy is obtained by the front end drive system of the internal combustion engine, i.e. the drive pulley, and is converted into direct current and transmitted to the second battery 2 for storage.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automotive electrical system, comprising: the automobile electric system also comprises a direct current converter and a first isolation circuit;
the first end of the first isolation circuit is connected with the first battery, and the second end of the first isolation circuit is connected with the first side of the direct current converter; the second battery is connected with the second side of the direct current converter;
the first isolation circuit comprises at least one first isolation device and is used for turning off the corresponding first isolation device when voltage abrupt change of one side of the direct current converter is detected, so that voltage isolation between the first side and the second side of the direct current converter is realized.
2. The automotive electrical system of claim 1, further comprising a second isolation circuit, wherein a first end of the second isolation circuit is connected to the first battery, a second end of the second isolation circuit is connected to the first side of the dc converter, and a third end of the second isolation circuit is connected to a plurality of electrical devices;
the second isolation circuit comprises at least one second isolation device and is used for blocking current on one side of the second isolation circuit from flowing into the other side of the second isolation circuit, and meanwhile, the first battery and the second battery are enabled to supply power to electric equipment through the second isolation device.
3. The automotive electrical system of any of claims 1-2, wherein the first isolation circuit comprises a first electronic switch and a second electronic switch in series; the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch are connected in a reverse direction.
4. The automotive electrical system of claim 3, wherein the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch each comprise a MOS transistor and a third diode, the MOS transistor having a gate connected to the control side of the DC converter, a source connected to the anode of the third diode, and a drain connected to the cathode of the third diode.
5. The automotive electrical system of claim 2, wherein the second isolation circuit comprises a first diode and a second diode;
the positive pole of the first diode is connected with the first end of the direct current converter, the negative pole of the first diode is connected with the negative pole of the second diode, and the positive pole of the second diode is connected with the first battery.
6. The automotive electrical system of claim 5, wherein the cathodes of the first and second diodes are connected to one end of a fuse, and the other end of the fuse is connected to an electrical device.
7. The automotive electrical system of claim 1, wherein the first isolation circuit includes a third electronic switch having one terminal connected to the first terminal of the dc converter and another terminal connected to the first battery.
8. The automotive electrical system of claim 1, wherein the first isolation circuit comprises at least one fuse having one end connected to a first end of the dc converter and another end connected to the first battery.
9. The automotive electrical system of claim 1, wherein the supply voltage of the first battery is less than the supply voltage of the second battery; the first battery is a 12V power supply battery, the second battery is a 24V power supply battery, and the first battery and the second battery are lithium batteries.
10. An automobile comprising a starter, a generator and the automobile electrical system of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the second battery connects the starter and the generator.
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| CN114475484B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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