CN114475348A - Electric vehicle energy state determination method and device, storage medium and vehicle - Google Patents
Electric vehicle energy state determination method and device, storage medium and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114475348A CN114475348A CN202011150476.5A CN202011150476A CN114475348A CN 114475348 A CN114475348 A CN 114475348A CN 202011150476 A CN202011150476 A CN 202011150476A CN 114475348 A CN114475348 A CN 114475348A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The application provides an electric vehicle energy state determining method, device, storage medium and vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack; and determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack. The method and the device for determining the energy state of the battery pack based on the energy state of the single battery cell accurately calculate the change of the electric energy state of the battery pack caused by the inconsistency of the single battery cell, and compared with a power integration method and an ampere-hour integration method in the related art, the method and the device for determining the electric energy state of the battery pack can more accurately determine the electric energy state of the battery pack, and the inconsistency of the single battery cell in the battery pack is considered.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a method and a device for determining an energy state of an electric automobile, a storage medium and an automobile.
Background
With the development of battery energy storage technology, more and more automobiles realize electric energy driving, namely so-called electric automobiles, and the electric automobiles become the development direction of the automobile industry in the future. The electric automobile mainly adopts a power battery for energy storage, and the power battery is used as a power source of the electric automobile, and is one of the keys influencing the industrial development of the electric automobile.
The power battery is usually formed by connecting dozens of even hundreds of battery cells with the same specification and model in series and parallel, and when the power battery leaves a factory, various electrical performance parameters of each battery cell in the battery pack are basically consistent, that is, the rated capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack is consistent. However, after the battery pack is charged and discharged for a period of time, the aging degree of each battery cell in the battery pack is different, that is, various electrical performance parameters of each battery cell in the battery pack are no longer consistent.
At present, a power integration method and an ampere-hour integration method are mainly adopted to estimate the SOC (State of Charge) of the battery pack, but after the battery is charged and discharged circularly for a certain number of times, the SOC of the battery pack estimated by the two methods has a large error with the actual SOC of the battery pack, and a large misalignment phenomenon occurs when the energy State of the battery pack is reflected. For example, the remaining battery capacity of 30% is output on an instrument panel of an automobile, but the electric quantity of the battery pack becomes empty instantly when the automobile loses power suddenly, and the phenomenon of electric quantity jump occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for determining an energy state of an electric vehicle, a storage medium and a vehicle, which are used for solving the problem that a large error exists in estimation of the energy state of a battery pack in the related art.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for determining an energy state of an electric vehicle in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack;
and determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
Optionally, determining the electric energy state of each battery cell in the battery pack includes:
when the battery pack discharges, determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the discharge real-time end voltage, the discharge real-time charge state of each battery cell and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
When the battery pack discharges, determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the discharge current, the discharge time, the discharge real-time end voltage of each battery cell, the actual discharge amount of each battery cell and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack;
determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
and accumulating and summing the residual electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack.
Optionally, determining the electric energy state of each battery cell in the battery pack includes:
when the battery pack discharges, determining the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack according to the discharge time and the discharge current of the battery pack and the discharge real-time end voltage of each electric core in the battery pack;
determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
accumulating and summing the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the consumed electric energy of the battery pack;
and determining the residual electric energy of the battery pack according to the initial electric energy of the battery pack and the consumed electric energy of the battery pack.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored in each electric core;
and carrying out accumulation summation on the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack.
Optionally, determining the maximum electrical energy that can be stored by each cell includes:
when the battery pack is charged, determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the charging real-time end voltage, the charging real-time charge state of each battery cell in the battery pack and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
When the battery pack is charged, determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the charging current and the charging time of the battery pack, the charging real-time end voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack, the actual charging amount of each battery cell in the battery pack and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
When the battery pack is charged, determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the charging current and the charging time of the battery pack, the charging real-time voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack and the charging time corresponding to the battery cell which reaches the charging cut-off voltage earliest in each battery cell in the battery pack.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
determining a first proportional coefficient of the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack and the initial calibration total electric energy of the battery pack;
determining a second proportionality coefficient of the residual electric energy of the battery pack and the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack;
and determining the endurance mileage provided by the residual electric energy of the battery pack for the electric automobile according to the initial calibrated maximum endurance mileage of the electric automobile, the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electric vehicle energy state determination apparatus, including:
the first determination module is used for determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack;
and the second determining module is used for determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
Optionally, the first determining module includes:
the first determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the discharge real-time end voltage, the discharge real-time charge state of each battery cell and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges; or
The second determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the discharge current and the discharge time of the battery pack, the discharge real-time end voltage of each battery cell, the actual discharge amount of each battery cell and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges;
the second determining module includes:
and the first summing submodule is used for performing cumulative summing on the residual electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack.
Optionally, the first determining module includes:
the third determining submodule is used for determining the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack according to the discharge time and the discharge current of the battery pack and the discharge real-time terminal voltage of each electric core in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges;
the second determining module comprises:
the second summing submodule is used for performing cumulative summing on the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the consumed electric energy of the battery pack;
and the fourth determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of the battery pack according to the initial electric energy of the battery pack and the consumed electric energy of the battery pack.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the third determining module is used for determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core;
and the first summing module is used for performing cumulative summing on the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack.
Optionally, the third determining module includes:
the fifth determining submodule is used for determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the charging real-time end voltage, the charging real-time charge state of each battery cell in the battery pack and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack is charged; or
A sixth determining submodule, configured to determine, when the battery pack is charged, maximum electric energy that can be stored in each battery cell according to a charging current and a charging time of the battery pack, a charging real-time terminal voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack, an actual charging amount of each battery cell in the battery pack, and an actual capacity of a battery cell corresponding to a highest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
And the seventh determining submodule is used for determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core according to the charging current and the charging time of the battery pack, the charging real-time end voltage of each electric core in the battery pack and the charging time corresponding to the electric core which is the earliest to reach the charging cut-off voltage in each electric core in the battery pack when the battery pack is charged.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the fourth determining module is used for determining a first proportional coefficient of the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack and the initial calibration total electric energy of the battery pack;
the fifth determining module is used for determining a second proportionality coefficient of the residual electric energy of the battery pack and the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack;
and the sixth determining module is used for determining the endurance mileage provided by the residual electric energy of the battery pack for the electric automobile according to the initial calibrated maximum endurance mileage of the electric automobile, the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient.
A fifth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps in the method according to the first aspect of the present application.
A sixth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides an automobile, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method according to the first aspect of the present application when executed. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
the method and the device for determining the energy state of the battery pack based on the energy state of the single battery cell accurately calculate the change of the electric energy state of the battery pack caused by the inconsistency of the single battery cell, and compared with a power integration method and an ampere-hour integration method in the related art, the method and the device for determining the electric energy state of the battery pack can more accurately determine the electric energy state of the battery pack, and the inconsistency of the single battery cell in the battery pack is considered.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an electric vehicle energy status determination method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an electric vehicle energy status determination method according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an electric vehicle energy status determination method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram schematically illustrating an energy state determining apparatus of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
In the technical field of battery energy storage, indexes for measuring the residual capacity of a battery are as follows: the SOC (State of Charge ) is generally located as:
it should be noted that the battery (pack) SOC described later refers to the SOC of the entire battery pack, and the cell SOC or the cell SOC refers to the SOC of the cell in the battery pack.
At present, the SOC of the battery pack is estimated by a power integration method and an ampere-hour integration method, so as to represent the remaining electric energy of the battery pack by the SOC of the battery pack, and the power integration method and the ampere-hour integration method are briefly described below.
Method of power integration：
S101: the BMS (Battery Management System) collects an open circuit voltage of the Battery pack (i.e., between the positive and negative electrodes of the Battery pack when the Battery pack is open circuit)Terminal Voltage) and inquires an OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) -SOC characteristic table to obtain an initial SOC value SOC at a discharge initial state of the battery pack0(ii) a The OCV-SOC characteristic table records SOC values of the battery pack corresponding to different open-circuit voltages of the battery pack.
S102: during the discharging process of the battery pack, the SOC of the battery pack at any time is calculated by using the following formulat：
Wherein v istAnd vt-1Respectively the terminal voltage value between the positive and negative poles of the battery pack at the current moment and the terminal voltage value between the positive and negative poles of the battery pack in the previous period, itAnd it-1Respectively the discharge current of the battery at the present moment and the discharge current of the battery in the previous cycle, EnedcThe electric energy value stored in the full-electricity state of the vehicle is obtained according to an NEDC (New European Driving Cycle, which is adopted by the Ministry of industry and communications in China when testing the comprehensive mileage of a New energy vehicle) test; the period is usually 10ms, but may be set according to the actual situation.
S103: calculated current SOCtAnd last cycle SOCt-1Filtering calculation is carried out to obtain the current remaining capacity percentage of the battery pack, namely the current SOCtnewAnd (6) estimating the value.
Ampere-hour integration method：
S201 (same as S101): the BMS collects the open-circuit voltage of the battery pack and inquires an OCV-SOC characteristic table to obtain an initial SOC value of the battery pack in the initial discharge state0。
S202: in the discharging process of the battery pack, the remaining capacity percentage SOC of the battery pack at any moment is calculated by using the following formulatnew：
Wherein, CNIs the rated capacity of the battery, I is the discharge current of the battery, and η is the discharge efficiency.
When the battery leaves a factory, the electrical performance parameters of each battery cell in the battery pack are basically consistent. However, after the battery pack is charged and discharged for a certain number of cycles, the battery cells in the battery pack have different aging degrees, and electrical performance parameters of each battery cell in the battery pack have certain differences. These differences are mainly manifested as: the initial monomer voltage between the electric cores, the internal resistance difference of the electric cores and the like, and the different positions of the electric cores in the battery pack cause different temperatures between the electric core monomers in the use process, and the different temperatures can influence the change of the capacity of the monomer electric cores in the charge and discharge process, and the factors can influence each other.
It is known that the battery pack follows the short plate effect when the battery is charged and discharged.
That is, during charging, when the charging terminal voltage of the battery cell corresponding to the highest cell voltage in the battery pack reaches a charge cut-off voltage (e.g., 4.2V), in order to protect the battery pack, the highest state of charge cell in the battery pack is prevented from being overcharged, that is, when the SOC of the highest state of charge cell is 100%, charging is stopped, and the battery pack is fully charged by default. However, when the electrical performance parameters of the battery cells in the battery pack are inconsistent, it is obvious that the voltages of a large number of battery cells in the battery pack do not reach the charge cut-off voltage, that is, the SOC of the battery cells does not reach 100%, which results in inconsistent voltages of each battery cell monomer in the battery pack at the time of charge cut-off, and the SOC of the battery pack does not reach 100%.
In the discharging process, when the discharging end voltage of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest single voltage in the battery pack reaches the discharging cut-off voltage, in order to protect the battery pack, the lowest charge state single in the battery pack is prevented from being over-discharged, namely discharging is stopped when the SOC of the lowest charge state single is smaller than the discharging threshold, and the BMS controls the battery pack not to discharge outwards any more.
Therefore, after the battery pack is circulated for a certain number of times, the aging degrees of the battery cells are different, the monomer voltages among the battery cells in the battery pack are unbalanced, and the monomer capacities among all the battery cells are inconsistent, so that the actual total capacity of the battery pack is smaller than the rated total capacity of the battery pack.
It is apparent from the above description that the power integration method and the ampere-hour integration method, both, determine the SOC of the battery pack at any timetIn time, the OCV-SOC characteristic table is required to be inquired according to the open-circuit voltage of the battery pack so as to obtain the SOC of the battery pack0。
Based on the above description, it can be seen that
However, the correspondence between OCV and SOC recorded in the OCV-SOC characteristic table is determined based on the rated capacity of the battery pack at the time of calibration test, that is, the SOC corresponding to any OCV in the OCV-SOC characteristic table is:
wherein, the remaining capacity OCV of the battery packtThe remaining capacity of the battery pack corresponding to the open circuit voltage of the battery pack at any time.
However, after the battery pack is cycled for a certain number of times, the actual total capacity of the battery pack is less than the rated capacity of the battery pack. That is, the open circuit voltage OCV of the battery pack is collected at an arbitrary timing ttThereafter, the SOC of the battery pack should be:
it is assumed that the OCV of the remaining capacity of the battery pack is at any timetConsistent with calibration testing, this also results in SOC1＞SOC2. That is, the SOC still found by the OCV-SOC characteristic table at this time0Significantly higher than the actual initial SOC of the battery pack.
After the battery pack is circulated for a certain number of times, the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is inconsistent, and at the moment, the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is inconsistentThe collected open-circuit voltage of the battery pack obviously ignores the inconsistency between the single voltages, namely, the residual capacity of the battery pack corresponding to the collected open-circuit voltage of the battery pack is inconsistent with the residual capacity of the battery pack corresponding to the same open-circuit voltage during the battery pack calibration test, so that the SOC inquired through the OCV-SOC characteristic table can be caused0And does not truly reflect the actual initial SOC of the battery pack.
This does not take into account the variations between the cells (especially the actual capacity and voltage variations between the cells) of the battery due to aging, resulting in the final estimated SOC of the battery at any timetIs inaccurate.
Further, the SOC of the battery pack at any time is obtained by a power integration method or an ampere-hour integration methodtnewThen, the remaining driving range of the electric automobile is determined by the following formula: RANGE as mileagenedc×SOCtnew。
Obviously, SOCtnewCertain errors exist, the determined endurance mileage of the electric automobile also has errors, and the endurance mileage output on the instrument panel and the actual endurance mileage have large difference.
Based on the above, the application provides that the energy state of the battery pack is determined based on the energy states of the battery cells, and the change of the electric energy state of the battery pack caused by the inconsistency of the battery cells is accurately calculated. According to the energy state of each monomer in the battery pack, the energy state of the battery pack can be judged more accurately, the remaining endurance mileage of the electric automobile is predicted, the battery is effectively and reasonably utilized, and the use cost of the electric automobile is reduced to a certain extent.
Method for estimating remaining capacity of battery pack：
Referring to fig. 1, an energy state determination method of an electric vehicle according to the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
s301: and determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
The battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cell monomers in series and parallel, and the electric energy state of the battery cell refers to the electric energy stored by the battery cell.
The electric energy state of each electric core comprises the residual electric energy of each electric core or the consumed electric energy of each electric core.
S302: and determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
And after determining the residual electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack, accumulating and summing the residual electric energy of each electric core to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack. Or after determining the consumed electric energy of each electric core, subtracting the consumed electric energy of each electric core from the initial electric energy of the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack.
Step S301 includes sub-step S3011, sub-step S3012, or sub-step S3013, and step S302 includes sub-step S3021 or sub-step S3022. However, after step S3011 or step S3012 is completed, step S3021 in step S302 is performed; alternatively, after step S3013 is completed, substeps S3022 and substep S3023 are performed.
In an alternative embodiment, step S3011: when the battery pack discharges, according to the rated capacity C of each electric core iNVoltage V at real time of dischargeiThe real-time discharge state of charge SOC and the state of charge SOC of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery packminDetermining the residual electric energy E of each electric core ii。
Wherein, the rated capacity C of each electric core iNThe discharge real-time end voltage V of each electric core i is obtained in the calibration test of the batteryiThe BMS is acquired by a voltage sensor, and the real-time discharge state of charge (SOC) of each battery cell i and the state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery packminThe BMS monitors and calculates each battery core i to obtain.
After the parameters are obtained, the residual electric energy E of each electric core i is calculated by the following formulai：
Step S3012: when the battery pack discharges, the discharging current I, the discharging time t and the discharging real-time end voltage V of each electric core I of the battery pack are used for controlling the discharging of the battery packiActual discharge capacity C of each battery cell iiActual capacity C of a cell (when discharge cutoff voltage is reached) corresponding to the lowest cell voltage in the battery packminDetermining the residual electric energy E of each electric core ii。
The battery pack discharge current I is acquired by the BMS through a current sensor, the BMS monitors the discharge time t of the battery pack and the discharge real-time terminal voltage V of each battery cell IiThe actual discharge capacity C of each battery cell i is acquired by the BMS through a voltage sensoriActual capacity C of battery cell corresponding to lowest monomer voltage in battery packminThe BMS monitors and calculates each battery core i to obtain.
After the parameters are obtained, the residual electric energy E of each electric core i is calculated by the following formulai：
After step S3011 or step S3012 is executed, step S3021: accumulating and summing the residual electric energy of each electric core i in the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy E of the battery packremain。
That is, the remaining electric energy E of the battery pack is obtained by the following calculationremain：
In another alternative embodiment, step S3013: when the battery pack discharges, according to the discharge time t and the discharge current I of the battery pack and the discharge real-time end voltage V of each electric core in the battery packiDetermining the consumed electric energy E 'of each battery cell i in the battery pack'i。
Wherein, the discharge current I of the battery pack is acquired by the BMS through the current sensor, and the BMS monitorsThe discharge time t of the battery pack and the discharge real-time terminal voltage V of each electric core iiThe BMS is acquired through a voltage sensor.
After obtaining the above parameters, the remaining electric energy E 'of each cell i is calculated by the following formula'i：
Wherein, t1Is the initial moment, t, at which the battery pack starts to discharge as monitored by the BMS1Is the current moment that the battery pack is discharged as monitored by the BMS.
After step S3013 is executed, step S3022 is executed: electric energy E 'consumed by each battery cell i in the battery pack'iAnd performing accumulation and summation to obtain the consumed electric energy E' of the battery pack.
That is, the consumed electric energy E' of the battery pack is obtained by the following calculation:
and S3023: according to the initial electric energy E of the battery pack0And the consumption electric energy E' of the battery pack, determining the residual electric energy E of the battery packremain。
Wherein when the battery pack is initially in a fully charged state, i.e. the battery pack is at t1The discharge is started in a full-charge state at all times, and the initial electric energy E of the battery pack0＝EpackPlease refer to the following steps S401 to S402 for details. When the battery is not initially in a fully charged state, i.e., the battery is at t1When the battery is not in a full state at the moment of starting discharging, the initial electric energy E of the battery pack0And obtaining the data through a table look-up method.
For example, by detecting the current open-circuit voltage OCV of the battery pack when the battery pack is in the initial state, and then querying the OCV-SOE characteristic table (e.g., the SOC-SOE-OCV characteristic table shown in table 1 below, although table 1 is only an example and is not intended to be specific to the present application)Body limit) to obtain the SOE value corresponding to the current open-circuit voltage OCV, i.e., the initial electric energy E of the battery pack at the initial state of the battery0。
| SOC | 1 | 0.95 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.05 |
| SOE | 1 | 0.947 | 0.742 | 0.639 | 0.538 | 0.436 | 0.336 | 0.326 | 0.137 | 0.042 |
| Uocv | 33.49 | 33.43 | 33.16 | 33.12 | 33.07 | 32.99 | 32.73 | 32.46 | 32.13 | 30.56 |
After obtaining the above parameters, the remaining electric energy E of the battery pack is calculated by the following formularemain：
Eremain＝E0-E′
The method and the device for determining the energy state of the battery pack based on the energy state of the single battery cell accurately calculate the change of the residual electric energy of the battery pack caused by the inconsistency of the single battery cell. Compared with the traditional power integration algorithm, the method has the advantages that the lowest voltage monomer is used for estimating the residual electric energy on line, and the influence of the inconsistency of the electric core on the electric quantity of the battery pack is eliminated.
Full capacity estimation method of battery pack：
Referring to fig. 2, an energy state determination method of an electric vehicle according to the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the steps of:
s401: determining the maximum electric energy that each electric core i can store
Wherein step S401 includes sub-step S4011, sub-step S4012, or sub-step S4013.
Step S4011: when the battery pack is charged, according to the rated capacity C of each electric core i in the battery packNCharging real-time terminal voltage ViThe charging real-time state of charge SOC and the state of charge SOC of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery packmaxDetermining the maximum electric energy that each electric core i can store
Wherein, the rated capacity C of each electric core iNThe charging real-time end voltage V of each electric core i is obtained in the calibration test of the batteryiThe BMS is acquired by a voltage sensor, the charging real-time SOC of each battery cell i and the SOC of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery packmaxThe BMS monitors and calculates each battery core i to obtain.
After the parameters are obtained, the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core i is calculated according to the following formula
Step S4012: when the battery pack is charged, the charging current I and the charging time t of the battery pack and the charging real-time end voltage V of each electric core in the battery pack are usediActual charging amount C of each electric core in the battery packiActual capacity C of battery cell corresponding to highest single voltage in battery packmaxDetermining the maximum electric energy that each electric core i can store
The charging current I of the battery pack is acquired by the BMS through a current sensor, the BMS monitors the charging time t of the battery pack and the charging real-time terminal voltage V of each electric core IiThe BMS is acquired by a voltage sensor, and the real value of each battery cell iThe actual charge amount CiActual capacity C of cell (when charge cut-off voltage is reached) corresponding to lowest cell voltage in the battery packmaxThe BMS monitors and calculates each battery core i to obtain.
After the parameters are obtained, the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core i is calculated according to the following formula
Step S4013: when the battery pack is charged, the charging current I and the charging time t of the battery pack and the charging real-time end voltage V of each electric core in the battery pack are usediA charging time t corresponding to the earliest cell reaching a charge cut-off voltage in each cell in the battery packmaxDetermining the maximum electric energy stored by each electric core
The charging current I of the battery pack is acquired by the BMS through a current sensor, the BMS monitors the charging time t of the battery pack and extracts the charging time t corresponding to the earliest cell reaching the charging cut-off voltage in each cell in the battery packmax。
After the parameters are obtained, the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core i is calculated according to the following formula
After executing the sub-step S4011, the sub-step S4012, or the sub-step S4013, the step S402 is executed: the maximum electric energy which can be stored in each electric core i in the battery pack
Carrying out accumulation summation to obtain the maximum electric energy E which can be stored by the battery packpack。
That is, the maximum electric energy E that the battery pack can store is obtained by the following calculationpack：
Through steps S401 to S402, the maximum electric energy that can be stored in the battery pack is determined by cumulative summation based on the maximum electric energy that can be stored in each cell unit, the maximum electric energy that can be actually stored in the battery pack can be accurately determined, and relative errors caused by directly determining the actual capacity of the battery based on the open-circuit voltage of the battery pack and not considering the inconsistency of the cell units are avoided. Compared with a common traditional algorithm, the full electric quantity of the whole vehicle is estimated on line by using the highest voltage monomer, the influence of temperature and discharge rate on the electric quantity is considered, and the calculation is more accurate.
Full capacity estimation method of battery pack：
Referring to fig. 3, an energy state determining method of an electric vehicle according to the present application is shown, and a driving range provided by the remaining energy of a battery pack for the electric vehicle is determined based on the method. As shown in fig. 3, the method comprises the steps of:
s501: and determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored in each electric core.
Please refer to the related description of step S401, which is not repeated herein.
S502: the maximum electric energy which can be stored in each electric core i in the battery pack
Carrying out accumulation summation to obtain the maximum electric energy E which can be stored by the battery packpack。
Please refer to the related description of step S402, which is not repeated herein. S503: and determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
Please refer to the related description of step S301, which is not repeated herein.
S504: and determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
Please refer to the related description of step S302, which is not repeated herein.
S505: determining the maximum electric energy E that the battery pack can storepackAnd initial calibration total electric energy E of the battery packNEDCFirst scale factor Kr。
Namely, after the battery pack is subjected to a certain number of charging and discharging cycles, the maximum electric energy E which can be currently stored in the battery pack is determinedpackInitial calibration of total electrical energy E relative to the battery packNEDCCoefficient of shrinkage K ofrThe method comprises the following steps:
s506: determining the remaining energy E of the batteryremainAnd the maximum electric energy E that the battery pack can storepackThe second scaling factor of (1).
Namely, the current residual electric energy E of the battery pack is determinedremainMaximum electrical energy E storable with respect to the battery packpackRatio of (A) to (B)cThe method comprises the following steps:
s507: calibrating the maximum driving RANGE RANGE according to the initial of the electric automobileNEDCThe first proportionality coefficient KrAnd said second proportionality coefficient KcDetermining the RANGE of the endurance mileage provided by the residual electric energy of the battery pack for the electric automobileremain. The method comprises the following specific steps:
RANGEremain＝Kr×Kc×RANGENEDC
finally, outputting the driving RANGE RANGE according to a sliding window (moving) average algorithmremainAnd the fluctuation is reduced when the instrument panel of the electric automobile is used.
The sliding window averaging algorithm may specifically be RANGE using an array to store the last 15 computation cyclesremainCalculating the value, and averaging the 15 values to obtain the actual endurance mileage RANGE output on the instrument panelremainThus avoiding jumps in the output data. Of course, the above is only an example, the number of samples selected in the sliding window may not be limited to 15, and may be selected according to practical situations, for example, the RANGE of the last 10 calculation cycles is selectedremainThe calculated value may be RANGE of the last 20 calculation cyclesremainThe values are calculated.
In the embodiment, according to the energy state of each single body in the battery pack, the energy state of the battery pack can be judged more accurately, the remaining endurance mileage of the electric automobile is predicted, the battery is effectively and reasonably utilized, and the use cost of the electric automobile is reduced to a certain extent.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the application provides an electric vehicle energy state determination device. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy state determination apparatus for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus 300 includes:
a first determining module 401, configured to determine an electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack;
a second determining module 402, configured to determine an electric energy state of the battery pack according to an electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
Optionally, the first determining module includes:
the first determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the discharge real-time end voltage, the discharge real-time charge state of each battery cell and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges; or
The second determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the discharge current and the discharge time of the battery pack, the discharge real-time end voltage of each battery cell, the actual discharge amount of each battery cell and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges;
the second determining module includes:
and the first summing submodule is used for performing cumulative summing on the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack.
Optionally, the first determining module includes:
the third determining submodule is used for determining the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack according to the discharge time and the discharge current of the battery pack and the discharge real-time terminal voltage of each electric core in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges;
the second determining module includes:
the second summing submodule is used for performing cumulative summing on the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the consumed electric energy of the battery pack;
and the fourth determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of the battery pack according to the initial electric energy of the battery pack and the consumed electric energy of the battery pack.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the third determining module is used for determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core;
and the first summing module is used for performing cumulative summing on the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack.
Optionally, the third determining module includes:
the fifth determining submodule is used for determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the charging real-time end voltage, the charging real-time charge state of each battery cell in the battery pack and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack is charged; or
A sixth determining submodule, configured to determine, when the battery pack is charged, a maximum electrical energy that can be stored in each electrical core according to a charging current and a charging time of the battery pack, a real-time voltage at which each electrical core in the battery pack is charged, an actual charging amount of each electrical core, and an actual capacity of an electrical core corresponding to a highest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
And the seventh determining submodule is used for determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core according to the charging current and the charging time of the battery pack, the charging real-time end voltage of each electric core in the battery pack and the charging time corresponding to the electric core which is the earliest to reach the charging cut-off voltage in each electric core in the battery pack when the battery pack is charged.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the fourth determining module is used for determining a first proportional coefficient of the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack and the initial calibration total electric energy of the battery pack;
the fifth determining module is used for determining a second proportionality coefficient of the residual electric energy of the battery pack and the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack;
and the sixth determining module is used for determining the endurance mileage provided by the residual electric energy of the battery pack for the electric automobile according to the initial calibrated maximum endurance mileage of the electric automobile, the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient.
For the apparatus embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment for relevant points.
Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps in the method according to any of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application.
Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of the above embodiments of the present application when executed.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Embodiments of the present application are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
The method, the device, the storage medium and the vehicle for determining the energy state of the electric vehicle provided by the present application are introduced in detail, and a specific example is applied in the present application to explain the principle and the implementation of the present application, and the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The method for determining the energy state of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack;
and determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the state of electrical energy of each cell in the battery pack comprises:
when the battery pack discharges, determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the discharge real-time end voltage, the discharge real-time charge state of each battery cell and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
When the battery pack discharges, determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the discharge current, the discharge time, the discharge real-time end voltage of each battery cell, the actual discharge amount of each battery cell and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack;
determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
and accumulating and summing the residual electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the state of electrical energy of each cell in the battery pack comprises:
when the battery pack discharges, determining the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack according to the discharge time, the discharge current and the discharge real-time end voltage of each electric core in the battery pack;
determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
accumulating and summing the consumed electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the consumed electric energy of the battery pack;
and determining the residual electric energy of the battery pack according to the initial electric energy of the battery pack and the consumed electric energy of the battery pack.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored in each electric core;
and carrying out accumulation summation on the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the maximum electrical energy that each cell can store comprises:
when the battery pack is charged, determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the charging real-time end voltage, the charging real-time charge state of each battery cell in the battery pack and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
When the battery pack is charged, determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the charging current and the charging time of the battery pack, the charging real-time end voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack, the actual charging amount of each battery cell in the battery pack and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the highest monomer voltage in the battery pack; or
When the battery pack is charged, determining the maximum electric energy which can be stored by each battery cell according to the charging current and the charging time of the battery pack, the charging real-time voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack and the charging time corresponding to the battery cell which reaches the charging cut-off voltage earliest in each battery cell in the battery pack.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the method further comprises:
determining a first proportional coefficient of the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack and the initial calibration total electric energy of the battery pack;
determining a second proportionality coefficient of the residual electric energy of the battery pack and the maximum electric energy which can be stored by the battery pack;
and determining the endurance mileage provided by the residual electric energy of the battery pack for the electric automobile according to the initial calibrated maximum endurance mileage of the electric automobile, the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient.
7. An electric vehicle energy state determination device, characterized by comprising:
the first determination module is used for determining the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack;
and the second determining module is used for determining the electric energy state of the battery pack according to the electric energy state of each electric core in the battery pack.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first determining module comprises:
the first determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the rated capacity, the discharge real-time end voltage, the discharge real-time charge state of each battery cell and the charge state of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges; or
The second determining submodule is used for determining the residual electric energy of each battery cell according to the discharge current and the discharge time of the battery pack, the discharge real-time end voltage of each battery cell, the actual discharge amount of each battery cell and the actual capacity of the battery cell corresponding to the lowest monomer voltage in the battery pack when the battery pack discharges;
the second determining module includes:
and the first summing submodule is used for performing cumulative summing on the residual electric energy of each electric core in the battery pack to obtain the residual electric energy of the battery pack.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. An automobile comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor, when executed, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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