CN114473168A - Welding method for large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel component - Google Patents
Welding method for large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel component Download PDFInfo
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- CN114473168A CN114473168A CN202011167208.4A CN202011167208A CN114473168A CN 114473168 A CN114473168 A CN 114473168A CN 202011167208 A CN202011167208 A CN 202011167208A CN 114473168 A CN114473168 A CN 114473168A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
- B23K15/006—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of dissimilar material welding of NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel, in particular to a welding method of a large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel component. The method forms a Ni cladding layer with a certain thickness on the surface of the NiTi alloy through a laser cladding process. Polishing and cleaning the surface of the cladding layer, and finishing the polishing and cleaning between the cladding layer and the stainless steelAnd (4) vacuum electron beam welding. The method for cladding Ni on the surface of the NiTi alloy substrate by laser ensures that the weld joint area is completely austenitized, and simultaneously avoids Fe2The generation of brittle phases such as Ti greatly improves the plasticity of a welding seam area, reduces the welding residual stress, furthest ensures the reliability and the strength of a weldment, provides an effective solution for a large-size NiTi/stainless steel welding component, and the highest welding strength can reach 280MPa after optimization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dissimilar material welding of NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel, in particular to a welding method of a large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel component.
Background
NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is a special Shape Memory material, and has become the most practical Shape Memory material by virtue of its good Shape Memory Effect (SME), superelasticity (Pseudoelasticity), and excellent biocompatibility and high damping property. At present, the material has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, atomic energy, mechano-electronics, ocean development, instruments and meters, medical treatment and the like, and is called as an 'ideal material spanning the 21 st century'. Through decades of development, research works on the aspects of the composition design and preparation process of the NiTi alloy, the crystal structure of each phase, the thermoelastic martensite phase transformation, the preparation of the porous SMA and the like are gradually matured nowadays. With the wide application of NiTi SMA in various fields, the research work for developing the NiTi SMA connection technology is more urgent and important.
The stainless steel and the NiTi are common biomedical materials, the NiTi and the stainless steel are connected, and the composite structure of the NiTi/the stainless steel can combine the high strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of the stainless steel with the shape memory function and superelasticity of the SMA, so that the superiority of the two materials in performance can be fully exerted to obtain a member with excellent comprehensive performance. At present, the material with the structure has good application prospect, and is widely applied in the fields of orthopedics (such as shape memory implants for treating joint fracture, arch active memory compression bone fracture devices, shape memory double cups in hip repair surgery and the like), dentistry (such as orthodontic tooth arch wires, tooth marrow needles, tension springs and push springs for orthodontic treatment) and interventional medicine (such as coronary heart disease interventional treatment and non-vascular stent interventional treatment).
When the traditional fusion welding process is used for welding NiTi and stainless steel, the chemical components of the base metal are hugeIn contrast, a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds (e.g., Fe) often appear in the weld2Ti). Such brittle intermetallic compounds can easily crack the weld under the action of residual welding stresses. Most of the existing researches adopt a mode of adding an intermediate layer to inhibit the precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds in a weld joint area, but the method is only suitable for welding wire materials and plates with very thin thickness. When large-size NiTi and stainless steel components are welded, the welding residual stress is greatly increased due to the increase of the constraint dimension, the welding seam is prone to cracking, and the welding quality cannot be guaranteed by a traditional method. So far, a connecting method suitable for a large-size NiTi alloy and a stainless steel component cannot be found. Therefore, designing a welding process suitable for large-size NiTi/stainless steel components is a hot spot of current research and is an application bottleneck to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method of a large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and a stainless steel component, which is characterized in that a cladding layer of Ni is formed on the surface of the NiTi alloy by utilizing a laser cladding process, and then welding is carried out by utilizing a vacuum electron beam.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a welding method of a large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel components is realized according to the following steps:
[A] polishing the surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy substrate by using No. 1000 abrasive paper, then respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone and alcohol to remove oil stains, and fixing the NiTi shape memory alloy substrate on a workbench;
[B] cladding a Ni cladding layer with the thickness of 1-4 mm on the prepared NiTi shape memory alloy substrate by using synchronous powder feeding laser forming equipment; the granularity of the selected Ni powder is 45-105 mu m, and the purity is more than 99 wt%; the parameter ranges of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1400-2500W, the powder feeding amount is 10-15 g/min, and the argon protection is 0.1-0.3 MPa;
[C] after the laser cladding process is finished, cooling the cladded NiTi shape memory alloy base material to room temperature, taking out the base material, forming a workpiece to be welded with stainless steel, and fixing the workpiece to be welded on a clamp, wherein the two ends of the clamp apply compressive stress to ensure that the workpiece to be welded is tightly attached;
[D]c, putting the workpiece to be welded in the step C and the clamp into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to 10 DEG-2～10-3After Pa, carrying out vacuum electron beam welding;
[E] and after the vacuum electron beam welding process is finished, cooling for 5-15 min under vacuum, removing the vacuum, and taking out the workpiece to finish the welding of the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component.
According to the welding method of the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component, the components of the NiTi shape memory alloy are NiTi with approximately equal atomic ratio, and the atomic ratio of Ni to Ti is (50-55): 45-50); the NiTi shape memory alloy has B2-B19' martensite phase transformation to obtain shape memory effect and super elasticity, and the performance indexes are as follows: the yield strength reaches 340-360 MPa at room temperature, and the tensile strength reaches 800-830 MPa.
In the step C, after laser cladding of the Ni cladding layer is finished on the surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy substrate, grinding processing needs to be carried out on the surface of the Ni cladding layer, so that the Ni cladding layer is smooth and flat, and metallic luster is shown.
In the step D, an electron beam with strong penetrating power, high energy conversion rate and high heating and cooling speed is selected as a welding heat source, so that the generation of a precipitated phase is effectively inhibited.
In the step D, the vacuum electron beam welding parameter range is as follows:
the welding speed is 300 mm/min-2000 mm/min; the accelerating voltage is 30 KV-60 KV; the focusing current is 1500 mA-5000 mA; the electron beam current is 5 mA-50 mA; the working distance is 100 mm-400 mm.
According to the welding method of the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component, after the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component are welded, the tensile strength of the welded part at room temperature reaches 240-280 MPa.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
most of the existing researches adopt a mode of adding an intermediate layer to inhibit the precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds in a weld joint area, however, the method is only suitable for welding wire materials and plates with very thin thickness. When large-size NiTi alloy and stainless steel components are welded, welding residual stress is greatly increased due to the increase of constraint dimensions, and a welding line is prone to cracking. Ni with a certain thickness is cladded on the surface of the NiTi alloy base material through a laser cladding process, so that the condition that two base materials are in direct contact to generate brittle Fe during welding can be avoided2Ti phase, and the method can make the welding seam completely austenitized, greatly improve the plasticity of the welding seam and effectively reduce the welding residual stress.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, after Ni with a certain thickness is laser-clad on the surface of the NiTi alloy base material, the Ti element in the NiTi base material and the Fe element in the stainless steel can be prevented from contacting during melting during welding, and the Fe is completely cut off2The possibility of Ti phases being generated in the weld.
2. The Ni cladding layer can enable the weld zone to be completely austenitized, improve the plasticity of the weld zone and reduce the welding residual stress.
3. The laser cladding process adopted by the invention can be suitable for various large-size and complex components, and can greatly widen the application range of the dissimilar material welding components.
4. The NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel welding joint prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is good in forming, and the tensile strength at room temperature can reach 240-280 MPa.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of welding.
FIG. 2 is the tissue morphology after laser cladding of Ni on a NiTi substrate.
Fig. 3 is the tissue morphology of the dilution zone of the clad sample.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of a weld tensile fracture.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, when the NiTi and the stainless steel are welded by the traditional fusion welding process, a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds (such as Fe) often appear in the welding line due to the great difference of the chemical compositions of the base materials2Ti). Such brittle intermetallic compounds can easily crack the weld under the action of residual welding stresses. Most of the existing researches adopt a mode of adding an intermediate layer to inhibit the precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds in a weld joint area, however, the method can only be applied to welding wire materials and plates with very thin thickness. When large-size NiTi and stainless steel components with the thickness of more than 1mm are welded, the welding residual stress is greatly increased due to the increase of the constraint dimensionality, the welding seam is prone to cracking, and the welding quality can not be guaranteed by a traditional method.
As shown in figure 1, the invention forms a Ni cladding layer by cladding Ni with a certain thickness on the surface of NiTi alloy through a laser cladding process, and finishes vacuum electron beam welding with stainless steel after polishing and cleaning the surface of the Ni cladding layer. Therefore, by the method of cladding Ni on the surface of the NiTi alloy by laser, the generation of brittle Fe caused by the direct contact of two base materials during welding can be avoided2Meanwhile, the method can enable the welding seam area to be completely austenitized, greatly improves the plasticity of the welding seam area, effectively reduces the welding residual stress, furthest ensures the reliability and the strength of a weldment, provides an effective solution for a large-size NiTi/stainless steel welding component, and the maximum welding strength can reach 280MPa after optimization.
In the invention, the experimental material is NiTi alloy with nearly equal atomic ratio, wherein the atomic ratio of Ni to Ti is 50.8: 49.2; the stainless steel is 304 austenitic Stainless Steel (SS), and the components of the SS are as follows by mass percent: 18.01%, nickel: 8.06%, manganese: 1.01%, silicon: 0.62%, carbon: 0.039% and the balance iron.
The present invention will be explained in further detail below by way of examples and figures.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the welding method of the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel member is as follows:
firstly, polishing and cleaning the surface of a NiTi alloy block sample with the size of 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, then respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone and alcohol solvent to remove oil stains, and fixing the sample on a laser cladding three-axis workbench. Selecting Ni powder with the granularity of 60 mu m and the purity of more than 99 wt%, and cladding a Ni cladding layer with the thickness of 3mm on the surface of the NiTi alloy by utilizing laser synchronous powder feeding equipment. The selected parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1400W, the powder feeding amount is 10g/min, and the argon protection is 0.1 MPa. And after the laser cladding process is finished, cooling the cladded sample, taking out, grinding the surface of the cladding layer to enable the cladding layer to be flat, smooth and clean, and cutting the cladding layer into a plate with the thickness of 2.8 mm. A workpiece to be welded, which is composed of stainless steel subjected to surface treatment (grinding to make the workpiece smooth) is fixed on a clamp, and certain compressive stress is applied to two ends of the clamp to ensure that the workpiece to be welded is tightly attached.
Putting the workpiece to be welded together with the fixture into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to 2 x 10- 3After Pa, vacuum electron beam welding was performed. The vacuum electron beam welding parameters were as follows: the welding speed is 1000mm/min, the accelerating voltage is 60KV, the focusing current is 2325mA, the electron beam current is 13mA, and the working distance is 260 mm. And after the vacuum electron beam welding procedure is finished, cooling for 10min under vacuum, removing the vacuum, and taking out the workpiece to finish the welding of the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component.
In the embodiment, after the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component are welded, the tensile strength of the welded part at room temperature can reach 240 MPa.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the welding method of the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel member is as follows:
firstly, polishing and cleaning the surface of a NiTi alloy block sample with the size of 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, then respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone and alcohol solvent to remove oil stains, and fixing the sample on a laser cladding three-axis workbench. Selecting Ni powder with the granularity of 90 mu m and the purity of more than 99 wt%, and cladding a Ni cladding layer with the thickness of 2mm on the surface of the NiTi alloy by utilizing laser synchronous powder feeding equipment. The selected parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 12g/min, and the argon protection is 0.2 MPa. And after the laser cladding process is finished, cooling the cladded sample, taking out, grinding the surface of the cladding layer to enable the cladding layer to be flat, smooth and clean, and cutting the cladding layer into plates with the thickness of 3.4 mm. A workpiece to be welded, which is composed of stainless steel subjected to surface treatment (grinding to make the workpiece smooth) is fixed on a clamp, and certain compressive stress is applied to two ends of the clamp to ensure that the workpiece to be welded is tightly attached.
Putting the workpiece to be welded together with the clamp into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to 3 x 10- 3After Pa, vacuum electron beam welding was performed. The vacuum electron beam welding parameters were as follows: the welding speed is 800mm/min, the acceleration voltage is 40KV, the focusing current is 2325mA, the electron beam current is 15mA, and the working distance is 150 mm. And after the vacuum electron beam welding procedure is finished, cooling for 15min under vacuum, removing the vacuum, and taking out the workpiece to finish the welding of the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component.
In the embodiment, after the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component are welded, the tensile strength of the welded part at room temperature can reach 280 MPa.
As shown in fig. 2, the laser clad sample in the examples had a microscopic morphology. In the figure, the lower part is a NiTi substrate, the upper part is a Ni cladding layer, and a dilution zone (white dotted line is drawn) exists between the two parts.
As shown in fig. 3, the tissue topography of the dilution zone in the example. As can be seen from the figure, the dilution zone is composed mainly of two phases: phase B2 (dark) and Ni3The Ti phase is light in color and the two phases exist in the form of solidified dendrites.
As shown in FIG. 4, the tensile test was performed on a welded article of the NiTi base material and the stainless steel base material in the examples. It can be seen from the figure that the location where the fracture occurred is located in the dilution zone rather than inside the weld, and the weld strength is greatly improved.
The strength of the weldment obtained by the two processes of example 1 and example 2 is shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | NiTi base material | Stainless steel base material | |
| Rp0.2(MPa) | - | - | 340 | 316 |
| Rm(MPa) | 240 | 280 | 816 | 779 |
The implementation result shows that the method realizes the welding of the NiTi and the stainless steel by cladding the Ni intermediate layer on the surface of the NiTi alloy substrate by laser and then utilizing vacuum electron beam welding. The precipitation of brittle phases in welding seams is avoided, the mechanical property of a welding joint is ensured to the maximum extent, and the room temperature strength of the electron beam welding joint subjected to parameter optimization can reach 240-280 MPa.
Claims (6)
1. A welding method of a large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and a stainless steel component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
[A] polishing the surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy substrate by using No. 1000 abrasive paper, then respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone and alcohol to remove oil stains, and fixing the NiTi shape memory alloy substrate on a workbench;
[B] cladding a Ni cladding layer with the thickness of 1-4 mm on the prepared NiTi shape memory alloy substrate by using synchronous powder feeding laser forming equipment; the granularity of the selected Ni powder is 45-105 mu m, and the purity is more than 99 wt%; the parameter ranges of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1400-2500W, the powder feeding amount is 10-15 g/min, and the argon protection is 0.1-0.3 MPa;
[C] after the laser cladding process is finished, cooling the cladded NiTi shape memory alloy base material to room temperature, taking out the base material, forming a workpiece to be welded with stainless steel, and fixing the workpiece to be welded on a clamp, wherein the two ends of the clamp apply compressive stress to ensure that the workpiece to be welded is tightly attached;
[D]c, putting the workpiece to be welded in the step C and the clamp into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to 10 DEG-2～10-3After Pa, carrying out vacuum electron beam welding;
[E] and after the vacuum electron beam welding process is finished, cooling for 5-15 min under vacuum, removing the vacuum, and taking out the workpiece to finish the welding of the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component.
2. The welding method of large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel component of claim 1, wherein the NiTi shape memory alloy has the components with nearly equal atomic ratio of NiTi, and the atomic ratio of Ni to Ti is (50-55): 45-50); the NiTi shape memory alloy has B2-B19' martensite phase transformation to obtain shape memory effect and super elasticity, and the performance indexes are as follows: the yield strength reaches 340-360 MPa at room temperature, and the tensile strength reaches 800-830 MPa.
3. The method for welding the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, after laser cladding of the Ni cladding layer is completed on the surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy substrate, the surface of the Ni cladding layer needs to be ground to be smooth and flat, and metallic luster is shown.
4. The method for welding the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component according to claim 1, wherein in the step D, an electron beam with strong penetration ability, high energy conversion rate and high heating and cooling speed is selected as a welding heat source, so that the generation of a precipitated phase is effectively inhibited.
5. The method for welding a large-sized NiTi shape memory alloy and a stainless steel member according to claim 1, wherein in the step D, the vacuum electron beam welding parameters are in the following ranges:
the welding speed is 300 mm/min-2000 mm/min;
the accelerating voltage is 30 KV-60 KV;
the focusing current is 1500 mA-5000 mA;
the electron beam current is 5 mA-50 mA;
the working distance is 100 mm-400 mm.
6. The welding method of the large-size NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component according to claim 1, wherein after the welding of the NiTi shape memory alloy and the stainless steel component is completed, the tensile strength of the welded part at room temperature reaches 240-280 MPa.
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2020
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3560700A (en) * | 1967-07-18 | 1971-02-02 | Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer | Electron beam welding of two dissimilar metals |
| US5863360A (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1999-01-26 | The University Of Dundee | Surface treatment of shape memory alloys |
| CN101428371A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-05-13 | 南昌航空大学 | Connecting method for TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel dissimilar material |
| CN101768719A (en) * | 2010-01-30 | 2010-07-07 | 深圳市欧帝光学有限公司 | Ti-Ni shape memory alloy glasses manufacturing process |
| US20130156493A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Anthony Hausladen | Method of joining titanium and titanium-based alloys to ferrous metals using tantalum |
| CN109465532A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-15 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of NiTi marmem and stainless steel electron beam welding method |
| CN109570762A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 宝鸡文理学院 | A kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy and the connection method of stainless steel dissimilar welded joint |
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