CN114468134A - 一种五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及动物饲料技术领域，特别涉及一种五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法。该五倍子饲料添加剂，包括：5％‑30％五倍子原料及80％‑95％的辅料，其余为不可避免的杂质。该五倍子饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：采收、破碎、晾晒及制粒。本发明提供的五倍子饲料添加剂，保育猪基础日粮中添加五倍子饲料添加剂，可改善保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标等，调节肠道菌群，改善机体自身免疫力、抑制腹泻。五倍子提取物可替代部分氧化锌的使用，从而养殖业的绿色、健康发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料技术领域，特别涉及一种五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
保育猪指断奶至十周龄的仔猪，是整个生猪生长发育中尤为重要的一个阶段。保育阶段如何降低断奶应激、有效防控腹泻、增强自身免疫力、提高存活率和生长速度等是仔猪养殖中的主要问题。在饲用抗生素的全面禁用及氧化锌的限量使用背景下，寻找绿色、健康、安全的植物提取物替代抗生素的使用是目前养殖业的必然趋势。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的在饲用抗生素的全面禁用及氧化锌的限量使用背景下，保育猪免疫力低下、导致患病率高及成活率低的技术问题，提供了一种五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：
一种五倍子饲料添加剂，包括：五倍子原料5-10份、玉米45-70份及豆粕45-70份；
所述五倍子原料包括五倍子干叶及五倍子湿叶，所述五倍子干叶和所述五倍子湿叶的重量比为1:1。
进一步地：所述五倍子湿叶的湿度为8％-15％；所述五倍子干叶的湿度为1％-3％。
进一步地：还包括：独活1-3份。
本发明实施例还提供了一种五倍子饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤i、采收：当五倍子叶数达到12片以上后采收五倍子叶；
步骤ii、破碎：将采收的五倍叶破碎为长1-2cm、宽1-2cm的碎片；
步骤iii、晾晒：将五倍子叶碎片晾晒1-2天，使五倍子叶的水分维持在8％-15％；
步骤iv、制粒：将晾晒后的五倍子叶粉碎；选取一半粉碎后的五倍子叶作为组份一，选取另一半粉碎后的五倍子叶进行烘干作为组份二；将所述组份一及组份二混合形成五倍子原料；选取五倍子原料5-10份、玉米颗粒45-70份及豆粕颗粒45-70份加水混合经造粒机制成五倍子添加剂颗粒。
进一步地：所述步骤iv中，所述五倍子原料中还添加有独活1-3份。
本发明提供的五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法至少具备以下有益效果或优点：
本发明提供的五倍子饲料添加剂，包括：五倍子原料5-10份、玉米45-70份及豆粕45-70份；五倍子原料包括五倍子干叶及五倍子湿叶，五倍子干叶和五倍子湿叶的重量比为1:1。本发明提供的五倍子饲料添加剂，保育猪基础日粮中添加五倍子饲料添加剂，可改善保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标等，调节肠道菌群，改善机体自身免疫力、抑制腹泻。五倍子提取物可替代部分氧化锌的使用，从而养殖业的绿色、健康发展。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的五倍子饲料添加剂的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明针对现有技术中存在的在饲用抗生素的全面禁用及氧化锌的限量使用背景下，保育猪免疫力低下、导致患病率高及成活率低的技术问题，提供了一种五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种五倍子饲料添加剂，包括：五倍子原料5-10份、玉米45-70份及豆粕45-70份。五倍子原料包括五倍子干叶及五倍子湿叶，五倍子干叶和五倍子湿叶的重量比为1:1。五倍子湿叶的湿度为8％-15％；五倍子干叶的湿度为1％-3％。优选的，还可在五倍子饲料添加剂添加独活1-3份，进一步提高保育猪的止痢、抗病的效果。
本实施例中，五倍子原料10份、玉米70份及豆粕70份。五倍子原料包括五倍子干叶及五倍子湿叶，五倍子干叶和五倍子湿叶的重量比为1:1。五倍子湿叶的湿度为10％；五倍子干叶的湿度为1％。
参见图1，该五倍子饲料添加剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤i、采收：当五倍子叶数达到12片以上后采收五倍子叶；
步骤ii、破碎：将采收的五倍叶破碎为长1-2cm(如1cm、1.5cm或2cm)、宽1-2cm的碎片(如1cm、1.5cm或2cm)。
步骤iii、晾晒：将五倍子叶碎片晾晒1-2天，使五倍子叶的水分维持在8％-15％(如8％、10％或15％)。
步骤iv、制粒：将晾晒后的五倍子叶粉碎；选取一半粉碎后的五倍子叶作为组份一，选取另一半粉碎后的五倍子叶进行烘干作为组份二；将所述组份一及组份二混合形成五倍子原料；选取五倍子原料5-10份(如5份、8份或10份)、玉米颗粒45-70份(如45份、60份或70份)及豆粕颗粒45-70(如45份、60份或70份)份加水混合经造粒机制成五倍子添加剂颗粒。
五倍子中的水解单宁酸可清除动物体内自由基，抑制脂质过氧化物生成，具有抗氧化作用，对多种细菌、真菌、病毒等有明显抑制作用，且与抗生素及氧化锌相比，更为绿色安全、无毒副作用、无残留。
例如，采用本实施例提供的五倍子饲料添加剂(实验组)和50％玉米及50％豆粕组成的的添加料(对照组)饲养保育猪，其相关数据如下：
上述数据表明，水解单宁酸可有效改善保育猪肠道健康，减缓肠道蠕动，降低炎性渗出物，保证其能更好地吸收食物中的营养，促进健康生长。此外，五倍子籽油中含有大量的营养成分，如亚油酸66.3％、亚麻酸1.76％，还有脂肪酸类成分，这些营养成分更加有利于保育猪的生长和增重。
由于保育猪断奶应激及仔猪自身免疫还未健全，导致此阶段仔猪极易感染疾病，严重影响日后仔猪的生长发育。免疫球蛋白水平是反映体液免疫能力常见指标之一，球蛋白含量升高可反映机体免疫力提高，IL-2能够反映机体细胞免疫水平，补体C3、C4是机体重要的免疫效应系统之一。五倍子饲料添加剂能提高猪仔肠道黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白含量，并且能促进猪仔十二指肠中IL-2表达水平，同时抑制IL-6的表达。除此之外，五倍子饲料添加剂能够显著提保育猪血液中IgA、IgG及IgM含量，降低肿瘤坏死因子和IL-1β含量，从而在一定程度上改善保育猪免疫应答水平，提高仔猪免疫功能。
血清中各项指标可反映机体综合代谢及健康状况，血清中TP可反映机体对饲料中蛋白质的吸收情况，GLB可反映机体免疫力情况，CHO可反映机体对胆固醇合成与代谢情况，AST、ALT、BUN则反映机体肾功能代谢及健康情况。本试验结果表明，在保育猪基础日粮中添加五倍子饲料添加剂可显著提高血清TP、GLB含量，降低BUN含量、ALT活性，AST活性随添加量增加呈下降趋势，并对CHO、GLU、TG含量无不利影响。在饲料中添加0.2％～2.0％的单宁酸可提高仔猪血液中白蛋白浓度，降低尿素氮浓度。因此，添加五倍子提取物对保育猪机体免疫与代谢有一定的促进作用，五倍子提取物对动物机体肝脏无损害作用，对机体其他血清指标也无负面影响。
保育猪基础日粮中添加五倍子饲料添加剂，可改善保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标等，调节肠道菌群，改善机体自身免疫力、抑制腹泻。五倍子提取物可替代部分氧化锌的使用，从而达到绿色、健康发展。
本发明实施例提供的五倍子饲料添加剂及其制备方法至少具备以下有益效果或优点：
本发明实施例提供的五倍子饲料添加剂，包括：五倍子原料5-10份、玉米45-70份及豆粕45-70份；五倍子原料包括五倍子干叶及五倍子湿叶，五倍子干叶和五倍子湿叶的重量比为1:1。本发明实施例提供的五倍子饲料添加剂，保育猪基础日粮中添加五倍子饲料添加剂，可改善保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标等，调节肠道菌群，改善机体自身免疫力、抑制腹泻。五倍子提取物可替代部分氧化锌的使用，从而养殖业的绿色、健康发展。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种五倍子饲料添加剂，其特征在于：按质量百分比含有：5％-30％五倍子原料及80％-95％的辅料，其余为不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的五倍子饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述辅料包括：玉米及豆粕；
所述五倍子饲料添加剂包括：五倍子原料5-10份、玉米45-70份及豆粕45-70份；
所述五倍子原料包括五倍子干叶及五倍子湿叶，所述五倍子干叶和所述五倍子湿叶的重量比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的五倍子饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述五倍子湿叶的湿度为8％-15％；所述五倍子干叶的湿度为1％-3％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的五倍子饲料添加剂，其特征在于：还包括：独活1-3份。
5.一种五倍子饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
步骤i、采收：当五倍子叶数达到12片以上后采收五倍子叶；
步骤ii、破碎：将采收的五倍叶破碎为长1-2cm、宽1-2cm的碎片；
步骤iii、晾晒：将五倍子叶碎片晾晒1-2天，使五倍子叶的水分维持在8％-15％；
步骤iv、制粒：将晾晒后的五倍子叶粉碎；选取一半粉碎后的五倍子叶作为组份一，选取另一半粉碎后的五倍子叶进行烘干作为组份二；将所述组份一及组份二混合形成五倍子原料；选取五倍子原料5-10份、玉米颗粒45-70份及豆粕颗粒45-70份加水混合经造粒机制成五倍子添加剂颗粒。
6.根据权利要求4所述的五倍子饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤iv中，所述五倍子原料中还添加有独活1-3份。
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