CN114467689A - Intelligent irrigation system for mixed planting of crops - Google Patents
Intelligent irrigation system for mixed planting of crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467689A CN114467689A CN202111572575.7A CN202111572575A CN114467689A CN 114467689 A CN114467689 A CN 114467689A CN 202111572575 A CN202111572575 A CN 202111572575A CN 114467689 A CN114467689 A CN 114467689A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent irrigation system and method, belonging to the technical field of maintenance of mixed planting of various crops; this intelligent irrigation system includes: the system comprises a database, a sensor system, an image acquisition device, a calculation unit and a sprinkling system; the intelligent irrigation system has the advantages that the subsystems are connected through the Internet of things, and the intelligent irrigation system is built through the corresponding database. The experimental areas arranged at the edge positions of various crop areas can flexibly and conveniently detect the water discharge and the water absorption of the crop areas, so that the required watering amount of each area can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of maintenance, in particular to an intelligent irrigation system for a field for mixed planting of crops.
Background
At present, the problems needing attention to manage the growth of crops in a special field include grass cutting, irrigation, fertilization, punching and ventilation, soil adding and pest control. These special fields include a mixture of different crops; for example, the mixed growth of different types of lawns in a soccer field; the growth of different types of grass on golf courses. In a golf course, in order to distinguish a tee area, an obstacle area, a hole area and a fairway area, grass varieties of different types can be planted and distinguished by using the difference between the colors. Compared with hard isolation measures such as scribing and the like, the method reduces the damage of the isolation device to the grass. In addition, interference with the golf ball can be reduced. Similar problems also occur in football fields, mixed-planting fields in farmlands, and the like. It follows that it becomes a significant problem how to irrigate different grass types.
Irrigation requires attention to the problem that, because grass cutting frequently causes plants to form shallow roots, the water absorption capacity of the plants from the soil is reduced, and the soil contains much sand with poor water retention capacity, the lawn in the area needs to be watered frequently, and water is sprayed for several minutes in the noon when the lawn is dried at high temperature. Furthermore, in certain special environments, such as a court, watering is typically scheduled at night for watering purposes, but at times when temperature and sunlight are low. In view of this, the present invention provides a differential watering system and method for different types of crops to be watered and irrigated to meet the environmental requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent irrigation system, which is characterized in that: the system comprises: the system comprises a database, a sensor system, an image acquisition device and a sprinkling system;
the golf course is divided into a tee area, an obstacle area, a hole area and a fairway area, and each area is numbered, wherein the numbers are index numbers;
the database includes: the color of the grass in each area, the length information of the grass, the index number of each area and the parameters of a spectral camera for acquiring images in different seasons in one year;
the image acquisition device is used for acquiring images of the regions;
the irrigation system compares the grass color and length information of each area in the image with the information in the database to calculate whether the grass has abnormal signs;
the sensors are used for acquiring soil, moisture and temperature information of each area.
The watering system performs irrigation according to the grass type, the abnormal symptom and the soil, water and temperature information of each area.
Preferably, the sprinkler head of the sprinkler system is selectively positioned in the border area between the zones.
Preferably, the coverage area of the spray head is adjustable; for all areas which can not be reached by the spray heads, a method of spraying by an unmanned aerial vehicle or manually can be adopted.
Preferably, the parameters of the spectral camera include internal and external parameters of the camera.
Preferably, the image acquisition device can also be used for acquiring whether a spray head of the sprinkler system is damaged.
In another aspect of the present invention, an intelligent irrigation system is provided, which is characterized in that: the system comprises: the system comprises a database, a sensor system, an image acquisition device and a calculation unit; a sprinkler system;
the field is divided into different areas according to different crops to be planted, and each area is numbered, wherein the number is an index number; each area is a crop;
the database includes: the category information of the crops corresponding to the index numbers of the areas in different seasons in one year; the species information at least comprises water absorption rate information of the crops under different temperatures, humidity and air pressures;
the image acquisition device is used for acquiring images of the regions;
the sensor system is used for acquiring the temperature, humidity and air pressure information of each area;
the calculation unit acquires the area of each region based on the image and acquires the water absorption rate information of each region corresponding to the temperature, humidity and air pressure information of each region acquired by the sensor;
the system also comprises a device for acquiring the water displacement of each area in real time;
the calculation unit obtains irrigation quantity information of each region in real time according to the drainage quantity information, the water absorption rate information and the area of each region which are obtained by the device for obtaining the drainage quantity of each region;
and the watering system irrigates according to the irrigation quantity information.
Preferably, the sensor system, the sprinkler system and the image acquisition device are connected through the internet of things.
Preferably, the calculation unit comprises a crop evaporation calculation unit for calculating the crop evaporation of the area in real time.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the amount of irrigation watering for a crop, as described above.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a crop displacement detection apparatus, which includes a substrate, a test field located in a central region on the substrate, the test field planting plants to be detected; around the drainage zone (water drainage tank) that is located this experimental plot around the base plate, at least one is located the displacement sensor of drainage zone, with the base plate has an inclination, in the real-time water yield size when detecting the crop and being watered and irrigated.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting crop water displacement, wherein a water displacement detecting device is arranged at the edge of each growing area as a part of the growing area; the displacement detection device includes: the base plate is positioned in an experimental field in the central area of the base plate, and the experimental field is used for planting plants to be detected; the experimental field is surrounded by a drainage area (drainage groove) which is positioned at the periphery of a base plate, and at least one drainage sensor positioned in the drainage area has an inclination angle with the base plate, so that the real-time water quantity of crops during watering and irrigation can be detected; wherein the plant to be detected planted in the experimental field is the same as the crop variety of the area.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of acquiring real-time temperature, humidity and air pressure information by using the sensor unit.
In another aspect of the invention, a detection method is provided for determining an amount of irrigation watering in an intelligent irrigation system.
The invention also provides an intelligent irrigation method by using the intelligent irrigation system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring images of the areas by the image acquisition device;
s2, comparing the grass color and length information of each area in the image with the information in the database to calculate whether the grass has abnormal signs;
s3, acquiring soil, moisture and temperature information of each area by using the sensors;
s4, the watering system irrigates according to the grass type, the abnormal sign and the soil, water and temperature information of each area.
Preferably, the intelligent irrigation system further comprises a crop water discharge detection device for monitoring the water discharge of the crops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following invention points and corresponding beneficial effects:
1) the subsystems are connected by using the Internet of things, and the intelligent irrigation is realized by correspondingly establishing a database;
the nozzles of the sprinkler system are arranged in the boundary area of each area, so that the normal operation of movement is not influenced, the coverage range of each nozzle can be adjusted, and a supplementary spraying method is adopted.
2) The invention adopts an experimental area to calculate the water discharge of each area, and the method can calculate the real condition of the water discharge of each area in real time. The lack of timeliness is avoided.
3) The experiment area is specially designed, the inclination angle is adopted, and the real-time water displacement of the experiment area can be calculated by one water displacement sensor.
4) Aiming at the mixed planting of different crops (grasslands), the technical scheme can be used for carrying out difference irrigation watering aiming at different kinds of action, and the problems that the watering quantity of part kinds of crops is too large and the watering quantity of part kinds of crops is insufficient can not occur.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the crop division of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection area of the edge of each area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3-a is a schematic view of a test zone for detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 3-b is a schematic sectional view of the assay test area of the present invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
To better illustrate the invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions thereof, typical but non-limiting examples of the invention are as follows:
example 1
Calculating the water discharge of various grasslands in different areas:
as shown in FIG. 1, a schematic view of a golf course, which is divided into a tee area I, a barrier area II, a hole area III and a green area IV; each area can be planted with different types of grass, so that the areas can be distinguished by different colors. It should be understood that the golf course is used herein as an example, and not by way of limitation, that the field may have application in other planting applications. Such as mixed planting in farmlands and the like. Furthermore, it should be understood that the amount of watering water divided into different areas differs depending on the amount of water absorbed by different crops (e.g. different grass species), and for example for the golf course described above, the amounts of water absorbed may be: a hole area III, a green area IV, a tee area I and a barrier area II.
In order to obtain the irrigation water quantity of each area, a sensor is required to be arranged to detect the water discharge quantity, and in addition, a barometer, a thermometer, a hygrometer and the like are required to be integrated to detect all parameters in the area in real time so as to facilitate the adjustment of the irrigation water quantity.
To measure the displacement of each zone, the present invention introduces an experimental zone. As shown in fig. 1-3 b, the test zone 1 is located at the detection zone 10 where the zones intersect. The test field 1 is part of the grass of each area and can therefore be arranged anywhere in the areas I, II, III and IV, respectively. It is preferable to provide the test areas 1 (drainage amount detecting means) in the vicinity of the overlapping position of the respective areas of the detection area 10, as shown in fig. 2, 1a, 1b and 1c, respectively. This arrangement in the edge area, rather than the fairway area, avoids unnecessary contact of these experimental test devices with golf balls and the like to the greatest possible extent. In addition, these edge regions can be detected by one sensor, thereby reducing the number of sensors. These common sensors may include, but are not limited to, barometers, thermometers, hygrometers, and the like.
Referring to fig. 2, an enlarged schematic view of the detection zone 10 of fig. 1 is shown. The detection region 10 includes a region I, a region II, and a region III adjacent to each other, and the test region 1 is provided in each of the region I, the region II, and the region III. The test area 1 is used to measure the real-time drainage of grass in the area in which it is located.
The concrete structure of this experimental region 1 (displacement detection device) includes: referring to figures 3a-3b, there is shown a base plate, a grass planting area 2 centrally located in the experimental area 1 on the base plate, and a drainage area 3 surrounding the grass planting area 2; a water discharge sensor 4 for measuring the water discharge of the grassland in the center of the experimental area 1 in real time is provided on at least one side of the water discharge area 3; in order to discharge water in time, the experimental area 1 is provided with a certain inclination angle theta, so that running water can be conveniently discharged in time, and the situation that the grassland is soaked in the irrigation water for a long time is avoided. The inclination angle θ is preferably 10 °, and the inclination is performed in both directions perpendicular to each other, so that the flowing water is concentrated all in one direction, whereby the number of the water discharge sensors 4 can be reduced. The grass species grown in the grass growing area 2 were kept consistent with the grass species in the area where the experimental area 1 was located. For example, if tall fescue grass is planted in the area I, the grass in the grassland planting area 2 of the experimental area 1 in the area I is also tall fescue grass. And the grass in the grassland planting area 2 of the experimental area I in the area II is the grass of the grass class of the grassland type of the experimental area I in the area II.
Thus, the water discharge of the test area can be monitored by the water discharge sensor 4 of each test area 1; and then the actual water discharge Q of the grassland of the type in the area of the experimental area 1 is obtained through area conversion. The area calculation for each region I, II, III, IV can be obtained by taking the projection photograph in example 1 and obtaining the outline of each region (detailed scheme below).
The water absorption amount S of grass in each area is influenced by the environment such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure, but the water absorption amount is constant for the same kind of grass. The relevant data can thus be stored in the form of a database. Namely, the corresponding grassland water absorption rate can be found through the database according to the temperature, the humidity and the air pressure values detected by the sensors. The database comprises at least the water absorption of the grass of the kind corresponding to the temperature value, the humidity value and the air pressure value. The water absorption S of the grassland of the area is obtained by the area calculated by the following scheme.
Example 2
This embodiment includes the identification and area calculation of the various grass regions within regions I, II, III, IV. Embodiment 2 may include all the contents of embodiment 1, and the same parts as embodiment 1 are not described herein again.
Calculating relevant information of a tee area I, an obstacle area II, a hole area III and a green area IV by using a color information output unit of the grass of the golf course in the image of the golf course acquired by an image acquisition part, wherein the information at least comprises the area of each area; the areas of the court are then numbered by the system and the numbers are used as index numbers, the boundaries between the areas being calculated using the number data and the location information for the areas of the system.
Establishing a database by utilizing the vegetation types of the golf course, the specific parameters of the image acquisition device, the index numbers of all the areas and the preparation information of all the areas; the specific parameters of the image acquisition device comprise flight parameters (flight height and speed) of the unmanned aerial vehicle carrying the camera, and internal parameters, external parameters and shooting angles of the camera.
The golf course vegetation information on the grass area of the field is recorded in a database, wherein the database comprises the information of the grass color, the grass length and the like of each area in different seasons in the year and the index number of each area, and on the basis of the information of the local grass color, whether the grass has abnormal symptoms can be calculated according to the grass vegetation change process.
Importantly, the database also stores water absorption rate information of various planted grasslands; the method is used for inquiring the water absorption value which is changed along with parameters such as temperature, humidity and air pressure.
In addition, the vegetation type of the grass on the golf course at the same photographing time may be queried in the database, particularly, to check whether the abnormal generation is included in the grass planting soil, the spray device, etc.
The shooting data of the golf course vegetation lawn management device is the orthophoto image (global image) of the golf course obtained by using the unmanned plane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the coordinates of the interested part are obtained by using software. The image capture device may be a CCD camera. The information obtained includes, but is not limited to, the contours of the regions.
As shown in fig. 1, at least the areas S1, S2, S3, S4 of the respective regions can be calculated according to the related art to calculate the amount of water discharged from the respective regions.
As shown in FIG. 1, depending on the different water demands of the golf course in different areas of the grass, an Internet of things based system (including various sensors) and cameras are used to collect data and perform cognitive analysis on the inputs to determine the amount of water needed for different parts of the sprinkler zone, and then automatically modify the water flow rates in the respective areas.
Wherein the selective setting of spray set is in the border region between each region to do not hinder the motion and go on as the prerequisite, according to the needs of watering, can adjust spray set's scope to a certain extent, the specific position that every spray set up to and the region that its covers all record in the database.
For areas which cannot be reached by the local spraying device, a supplementary spraying method can be adopted, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle spraying or manual spraying method; and the specific area needing the supplementary spraying can be numbered correspondingly and recorded in the database.
In this embodiment, the internet of things based sprinkler system and monitoring system collect data and perform cognitive analysis on the inputs to determine the amount of water needed for different parts of a sprinkler zone, and then automatically modify the water flow in the corresponding zone.
Sprinkler system irrigation water spray heads may be adjusted to a fixed coverage spray band taking into account a number of factors, which may include, but are not limited to, soil conditions, anticipated temperature and precipitation, wind strength and direction, soil quality, seasonal demand for a particular type of grass, and spray head blockage or damage.
Sprinkler systems involve three main methods. The first is a method of dividing the sprinkler into zones and monitoring the differences in vegetation growth and health within the zones. This includes monitoring the differing sub-regions between vegetation height (e.g., length of grass) and color. Another approach is to modify the settings of the spray head to alter the pattern of water dispensed for a particular zone. This involves monitoring the internal water absorption and predicting the amount of water needed for the zone and then determining the optimum amount of water needed for the vegetation of the zone. Finally, the system includes a method of instantiating a service phone to fix the sprinkler anomaly when its dispersal pattern is displayed. The system may monitor the area via a camera (or manually) to show if the sprinkler is in place and not blocked. The system action may include temporarily modifying adjacent sprinklers to increase coverage and/or send maintenance requests. This is also one of the points of the present invention.
The sprinkler system collects moisture data locations from the sensors under different watering conditions. Depending on the plants/grass watered in the area, the system will extract the appropriate moisture content needed to obtain optimal growth from other sources. The system analyzes the video to learn the strength and/or growth cycle of the plant and extracts weather forecast data to modify the demand. Soil quality tests (manual or sensor) may also be entered into the system to modify watering requirements. In addition, fertilizers may be added to the watering system as appropriate. The system applies data in this learning cycle to reduce the likelihood of watering too much due to rainfall and precipitation while providing sufficient water to prevent plant death from waiting too long for water.
The sprinkler head has an adjustment function, which allows to modify the water flow in a single area of intensity and direction. The system starts with a default head setting and then engages the sprinkler system to water all of the covered space and operates to properly cover only the time and direction of the area where water is still needed.
The method for sprinkling water to each area of the court specifically comprises the following steps:
1. acquiring the specific types of grass in each area and the soil condition of each area from a database;
2. according to the step 1, the watering system determines a preferred watering mode;
3. the cameras (fixed or mobile) collect data relating to:
A. the growth stage of the grass in each area influences the required water amount;
B. the situation of excessive or insufficient water quantity occurs;
C. if the sprinkler system is abnormal, when the system identifies that the sprinkler head is damaged, the adjacent sprinkler head pattern is automatically adjusted to cover the area and compensate.
4. Water sensors determine the extent of water penetration into the soil, i.e.
Influenced by previous conditions and soil quality
5. The expected weather and local wind conditions will affect the recommended water volume (volume and direction of watering);
6. the system stores this information for historical use;
7. the system performs machine learning;
A. determining how much water to inject into any small area;
B. determining how each sprinkler increases the volume and direction of the sprinkler;
8. the system sends instructions to the sprinkler head to change the speed and the water amount;
example 3:
Grassland evaporation capacity calculating unit and method:
for each region I, II, III or IV, an experimental zone is provided, which is approximately 1m in area2The area of the region can be properly changed according to the size of the region, and the experimental region can also be a part of the detection region; and the crops in the experimental area are the same as the crops in the area corresponding to the experimental area.
The specific formula for calculating the amount of grass transpiration in the experimental area can be calculated using the following formula for penman-montetith.
The formula for calculating the grass evaporation using the penman-montetith formula may be, for example:
wherein ET is the reference crop evapotranspiration; u is the specific heat of the gas at atmospheric pressure.
Δ is the slope of the temperature-saturated water vapor pressure relationship curve at T;
t is the average air temperature;
Rnfor net radiation, G is the soil heat flux. Gamma is a temperature calculation constant, eaIs saturated water pressure, edIs the actual water gas pressure;
because adopted the laboratory bench in this embodiment, this laboratory bench area is little to the rule, in addition, to the laboratory bench, can conveniently install the sensor additional, consequently it is convenient to detect the calculation.
For the total watering H of an area, it is influenced by the following factors: evaporation ET, drainage Q, meadow water uptake S. Can be represented by the following formula:
H＝S+Q+ET。
the values of the drainage Q, the evaporation ET and the grass water absorption S were obtained in examples 1-2 and 3. The total watering H per area can thus be obtained by the above formula.
The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An intelligent irrigation system, characterized in that: the system comprises: the system comprises a database, a sensor system, an image acquisition device, a calculation unit and a sprinkling system;
dividing an irrigation field into different areas according to different planted crops, and numbering the areas, wherein the numbers are index numbers; each area is correspondingly planted with a crop;
the database includes: the category information of the crops corresponding to the index numbers of the areas in different seasons in one year; the species information at least comprises water absorption rate information of the crops under different temperatures, humidity and air pressures;
the image acquisition device is used for acquiring a global image of each area;
the sensor system is used for acquiring the temperature, humidity and air pressure information of each area;
the calculation unit acquires the area of each region based on the image; acquiring water absorption rate information of each corresponding area in the database according to the temperature, humidity and air pressure information of each area acquired by the sensor system;
the intelligent irrigation system also comprises a device for acquiring the water discharge of each area in real time;
the calculation unit is also used for calculating the irrigation water volume information of each area in real time according to the drainage volume information, the water absorption rate information and the area of each area, which are acquired by the device for acquiring the drainage volume of each area;
and the watering system implements irrigation according to the irrigation water quantity information.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the sensor system, the sprinkling system and the image acquisition device are connected through the Internet of things.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the calculation unit further comprises a crop evaporation calculation unit for calculating the area in real time.
4. A method of determining the amount of irrigation watering for a crop using the system of any one of claims 1-3.
5. A crop displacement detection apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a test field located in a central region on the substrate;
planting crops to be detected in the experimental field; a drainage area, preferably a drainage channel, surrounding the test field and located around the substrate, at least one drainage sensor located in said drainage area; the substrate is also provided with an inclination angle;
the water discharge sensor is used for detecting the real-time water quantity of the crops during watering and irrigation.
6. A method of crop displacement detection, the method comprising:
arranging a drainage detection device as a part of each crop growth area in each growth area, preferably in an edge area; wherein the displacement detection device includes: the experimental field is positioned in the central area of the base plate and is used for planting crops to be detected; a drainage area, preferably a drainage channel, surrounding the test field and located around the substrate, at least one drainage sensor located in said drainage area; the substrate is also provided with an inclination angle; wherein the plant to be detected planted in the experimental field is the same as the crop variety of the area.
And detecting the real-time water discharge of the crops in the growing areas of the crops by using the water discharge sensor.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising using the sensor unit to collect real-time temperature, humidity, and air pressure information.
8. The method of claim 7 for use in determining the amount of irrigation watering in an intelligent irrigation system.
9. An intelligent irrigation method, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring images of the areas by the image acquisition device;
s2, comparing the grass color and length information of each area in the image with the information in the database to calculate whether the grass has abnormal signs;
s3, acquiring soil, moisture and temperature information of each area by using the sensors;
s4, the watering system irrigates according to the grass type, the abnormal sign and the soil, water and temperature information of each area.
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