CN114464988B - A design method of dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna loaded with special-shaped dielectric - Google Patents
A design method of dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna loaded with special-shaped dielectric Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及宽带背腔天线技术领域，公开了一种异型介质加载双极化背腔天线的设计方法，该方法包括对振子片、异型加载介质板、双线平衡器、高阻抗线、定位介质片和馈电探针这几个方面的设计，通过将振子、腔体和双线平衡装置采用一体化结构消除传统振子激励背腔天线结构上的弊端，从而拓展使用范围，通过天线反射腔上的四条加强筋立柱与异型加载介质板连接使天线构成封闭结构从而提高天线的整体刚性。本发明设计的背腔天线可消除3：1带宽范围内的高频端方向图严重畸变难题，整体结构抗强振能力强。
The invention relates to the technical field of broadband cavity-backed antennas, and discloses a design method of a dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna loaded with a special-shaped medium. The design of the chip and the feeding probe, through the integrated structure of the vibrator, the cavity and the double-wire balance device, eliminates the disadvantages of the structure of the traditional vibrator-excited cavity-backed antenna, thereby expanding the scope of use. The four stiffener columns are connected with the special-shaped loading medium plate to make the antenna form a closed structure so as to improve the overall rigidity of the antenna. The cavity-backed antenna designed by the present invention can eliminate the problem of severe distortion of the high-frequency end pattern within the 3:1 bandwidth range, and the overall structure has a strong ability to resist strong vibrations.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及宽带背腔天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种异型介质加载双极化背腔天线的设计方法。The invention relates to the technical field of broadband cavity-backed antennas, in particular to a design method of a dual-polarization cavity-backed antenna loaded with a special-shaped medium.
背景技术Background technique
双极化背腔天线的优点是能通过后端网络构成任何极化，在电子设备上的应用较广。正交振子激励的背腔天线是宽带双极化背腔天线的典型实现方式。传统正交蝴蝶结振子激励的宽带背腔天线带宽在2：1～2.5：1。影响带宽的主要因素是激励振子的具体实现形式，口径尺寸取决于背腔天线的具体结构。当激励振子露出背腔口面，腔体尺寸可以小于0.3个低频端波长，但是辐射方向图质量较差，这种背腔天线本质上已经退化为反射型振子天线，使用环境受限。当激励振子在背腔口面以内，背腔的口面尺寸难以控制在0.5个低频端波长以内。这导致双极化背腔天线高频端辐射方向图畸变严重。此外，传统的正交振子激励背腔天线虽结构简单，但抗高强度振动能力弱。The advantage of the dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna is that it can form any polarization through the back-end network, and it is widely used in electronic equipment. Cavity-backed antennas excited by orthogonal dipoles are typical implementations of broadband dual-polarized cavity-backed antennas. The bandwidth of the broadband cavity-backed antenna excited by the traditional orthogonal bow-tie oscillator is 2:1～2.5:1. The main factor affecting the bandwidth is the specific implementation form of the excitation oscillator, and the aperture size depends on the specific structure of the cavity-backed antenna. When the exciter vibrator is exposed to the mouth of the back cavity, the cavity size can be smaller than 0.3 low-frequency end wavelengths, but the quality of the radiation pattern is poor. This kind of cavity-back antenna has degenerated into a reflective dipole antenna in essence, and its use environment is limited. When the excitation vibrator is within the mouth of the back cavity, it is difficult to control the size of the mouth of the back cavity within 0.5 wavelengths of the low-frequency end. This results in severe distortion of the radiation pattern at the high frequency end of the dual-polarization cavity-backed antenna. In addition, the traditional quadrature vibrator-excited cavity-backed antenna has a simple structure, but its ability to resist high-intensity vibration is weak.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：针对上述存在的问题，提供了一种异型介质加载双极化背腔天线的设计方法，该方法通过将振子、腔体和双线平衡装置采用一体化结构消除传统振子激励背腔天线结构上的弊端，从而拓展使用范围；通过天线反射腔上的四条加强筋立柱与异型加载介质板连接使天线构成封闭结构从而提高天线的整体刚性。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a design method for a special-shaped medium-loaded dual-polarization cavity-backed antenna in view of the above-mentioned problems. This method eliminates the The traditional vibrator excites the disadvantages of the structure of the cavity-backed antenna, thereby expanding the scope of use; through the connection of the four rib columns on the antenna reflection cavity and the special-shaped loading medium plate, the antenna forms a closed structure to improve the overall rigidity of the antenna.
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种异型介质加载双极化背腔天线的设计方法，包括：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: a design method of a special-shaped medium-loaded dual-polarization cavity-backed antenna, comprising:
振子片的设计：振子片包括V型振子片和H型振子片，采用常规蝴蝶结与板状偶极子相结合的方式设计V型振子片和H型振子片，振子片的宽度选择范围为0.08-0.12个低频端波长，振子片的双臂长度选择范围为0.25-0.3个低频端波长；Design of the vibrator piece: the vibrator piece includes a V-shaped vibrator piece and an H-shaped vibrator piece. The V-shaped vibrator piece and the H-shaped vibrator piece are designed by combining a conventional bow tie with a plate-shaped dipole. The width of the vibrator piece can be selected from a range of 0.08 -0.12 wavelengths at the low-frequency end, the length of the arms of the vibrator piece can be selected from a range of 0.25-0.3 wavelengths at the low-frequency end;
异型加载介质板的设计：将异型加载介质板紧贴固定在天线口面，异型加载介质板选取0.03-0.05个低频端等效波长；The design of the special-shaped loading medium plate: the special-shaped loading medium plate is fixed on the antenna mouth surface, and the special-shaped loading medium plate is selected from 0.03-0.05 equivalent wavelengths at the low-frequency end;
定位介质片的设计：将定位介质片的直径设置成与振子片的双臂长度相同，去除定位介质片的中心部分，去除的中心部分直径在振子片双臂长度的-范围内选取，定位介质片的厚度选择范围为0.0005-0.001个低频端波长；The design of the positioning dielectric sheet: set the diameter of the positioning dielectric sheet to be the same as the length of the arms of the vibrator sheet, remove the central part of the positioning dielectric sheet, and the diameter of the removed central part is within the length of the double arms of the vibrator sheet - Select within the range, the thickness selection range of the positioning dielectric sheet is 0.0005-0.001 low-frequency end wavelength;
双线平衡器的设计：采用四根金属短路立柱实现；不相邻的两根立柱构成双线传输线；立柱和背腔底部短路连接（结构上为一个整体）。The design of the double-wire balancer: it is realized by four metal short-circuit columns; two non-adjacent columns form a double-wire transmission line; the columns and the bottom of the back cavity are short-circuited (structurally as a whole).
高阻抗线的设计：将高阻抗线内嵌在双线平衡器的同轴馈线中，高阻抗线的特性阻抗在70-100欧之间选取，高阻抗性的长度在-个高频端波长范围内选取；Design of high impedance line: Embed the high impedance line in the coaxial feeder of the two-wire balancer, the characteristic impedance of the high impedance line is selected between 70-100 ohms, and the length of the high impedance line is between - Select within a high-frequency end wavelength range;
馈电探针的设计：在馈电探针的中间部分增加高温低损耗抗辐照介质套。The design of the feeding probe: add a high temperature and low loss anti-radiation dielectric sleeve in the middle part of the feeding probe.
进一步地，所述定位介质片材料选择低损耗高强度介质材料。Further, the positioning dielectric sheet is made of a low-loss high-strength dielectric material.
进一步地，所述异型加载介质板的设计还包括：在异型加载介质板的中心去除部分介质。Further, the design of the special-shaped loading medium plate also includes: removing part of the medium at the center of the special-shaped loading medium plate.
进一步地，去除部分介质的深度不超过异型介质加载板厚度的三分之二。Further, the depth of removing part of the medium does not exceed two-thirds of the thickness of the special-shaped medium loading plate.
进一步地，所述异型加载介质板的材料选用聚醚醚酮、陶瓷、聚酰亚胺中的任意一种。Further, the material of the special-shaped loading medium plate is selected from any one of polyether ether ketone, ceramics, and polyimide.
进一步地，所述馈电探针采用金属片形式设计制作。Further, the feeding probe is designed and manufactured in the form of a metal sheet.
进一步地，所述V型振子片和H型振子片互相垂直。Further, the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are perpendicular to each other.
进一步地，双线传输线的特性阻抗在120～300Ω范围内选取。Further, the characteristic impedance of the two-wire transmission line is selected within the range of 120-300Ω.
进一步地，立柱的长度选择范围为0.3～0.45个高频端波长；立柱的横向尺寸根据内嵌高阻抗线的外径尺寸合理选取。Further, the length of the column is selected from a range of 0.3 to 0.45 wavelengths at the high-frequency end; the lateral dimension of the column is reasonably selected according to the outer diameter of the embedded high-impedance line.
与现有技术相比，采用上述技术方案的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are:
1）异型加载介质板和定位介质片的联合作用，使天线的口径尺寸可压缩到1/3个低频端波长，方向图带宽达到3：1；1) The combined effect of the special-shaped loading dielectric plate and the positioning dielectric plate can compress the aperture size of the antenna to 1/3 of the wavelength of the low-frequency end, and the bandwidth of the pattern can reach 3:1;
2）通过高阻抗线的补偿作用使天线驻波带宽达到3：1；2) Through the compensation effect of the high impedance line, the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna can reach 3:1;
3）定位介质片将悬臂振子片固定成一个整体，消除振子片因颤振而疲劳损伤的隐患；3) Position the dielectric sheet to fix the cantilever vibrator piece into a whole, eliminating the hidden danger of fatigue damage to the vibrator piece due to flutter;
4）馈电探针采用弹性金属片实现提高强振动条件下的可靠性并保证正交馈电的两通道结构一致性。4) The feeding probe uses elastic metal sheets to improve the reliability under strong vibration conditions and ensure the structural consistency of the two channels of orthogonal feeding.
5）天线的一体化结构形式和定位介质片提高抗强振能力。5) The integrated structure of the antenna and the positioning dielectric sheet improve the ability to resist strong vibrations.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本方法设计的背腔天线结构示意图（不含异型加载介质板）。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cavity-backed antenna designed by this method (excluding the special-shaped loading medium plate).
图2是本方法设计的背腔天线剖面图。Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cavity-backed antenna designed by this method.
图3是异型介质加载板一种结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a special-shaped medium loading plate.
图4是异型介质加载板另一种结构示意图。Fig. 4 is another structural schematic diagram of a special-shaped medium loading plate.
图5是本发明实施实例提供的背腔天线的驻波系数曲线示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave coefficient curve of a cavity-backed antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图6是V端口辐射方向图（频率的低端）。Figure 6 is the V-port radiation pattern (low end of frequency).
图7是V端口辐射方向图（中心频率）。Figure 7 is the V-port radiation pattern (center frequency).
图8是V端口辐射方向图（频率的高端）。Figure 8 is the V-port radiation pattern (high end of frequency).
图9是H端口辐射方向图（频率的低端）。Figure 9 is the H-port radiation pattern (low end of frequency).
图10是H端口辐射方向图（中心频率）。Figure 10 is the H-port radiation pattern (center frequency).
图11是H端口辐射方向图（频率的高端）。Figure 11 is the H-port radiation pattern (high end of frequency).
图12是轴向增益示意图（V/H端口）。Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the axial gain (V/H port).
附图标记：1-定位介质片，2-双线平衡器，3-天线反射腔背腔，4-V型振子片，5-V型馈电探针，6-H型振子片，7-H型馈电探针。Reference signs: 1-positioning dielectric sheet, 2-two-wire balancer, 3-antenna reflection cavity back cavity, 4-V-type vibrator piece, 5-V-type feeding probe, 6-H-type vibrator piece, 7- H-type feed probe.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本实施例提供一种异型介质加载双极化背腔天线的设计方法，该方法包括对振子片、异型加载介质板、双线平衡器、高阻抗线、定位介质片和馈电探针这几个方面的设计，如图1、图2所示，具体如下：This embodiment provides a design method for a dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna loaded with a special-shaped medium, which includes the vibrator plate, a special-shaped loaded dielectric plate, a dual-wire balancer, a high-impedance line, a positioning dielectric plate, and a feeding probe. Aspects of the design, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, are as follows:
振子片的设计：振子片包括V型振子片和H型振子片，V型振子片和H型振子片采用常规蝴蝶结与板状偶极子相结合的方式设计，H、V振子片相互垂直，正交背腔天线的激励源。Design of the vibrator piece: The vibrator piece includes a V-shaped vibrator piece and an H-shaped vibrator piece. The V-shaped vibrator piece and the H-shaped vibrator piece are designed by combining a conventional bow tie with a plate-shaped dipole. The H and V vibrator pieces are perpendicular to each other. Excitation source for quadrature cavity-backed antenna.
V型振子片和H型振子片的宽度在0.08-0.12个低频端波长范围内选取，V型振子片和H型振子片的双臂长度在0.25-0.3个低频端波长范围内选取。The width of the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece is selected within the range of 0.08-0.12 low-frequency end wavelengths, and the length of the arms of the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece is selected within the range of 0.25-0.3 low-frequency end wavelengths.
异型加载介质板的设计：利用振子上射频电流分布特点设计异型加载介质板，异型加载介质板紧贴固定在天线口面，将振子长度和反射腔的直径压缩，同时使天线在带内阻抗频变特性平缓。The design of the special-shaped loaded dielectric board: the special-shaped loaded dielectric board is designed by using the characteristics of the radio frequency current distribution on the vibrator. The variable characteristics are smooth.
异型加载介质板选择低损耗高介电常数的介质材料，如聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、陶瓷和聚酰亚胺等。For special-shaped loading dielectric boards, select dielectric materials with low loss and high dielectric constant, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), ceramics, and polyimide.
异型加载介质板厚度选取0.03-0.05个低频端等效波长；The thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate is selected to be 0.03-0.05 equivalent wavelengths at the low-frequency end;
异型加载介质板中心去除部分介质，可以减重；去除部分直径根据口径压缩比例可以适当调整，深度不超过异型加载介质板厚度的2/3。如图3、图4所示，可以采用单面去除介质的方式，也可以采用双面去除介质的方式。Part of the medium is removed from the center of the special-shaped loading medium plate to reduce weight; the diameter of the removed part can be adjusted appropriately according to the compression ratio of the caliber, and the depth does not exceed 2/3 of the thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the medium can be removed on one side or on both sides.
定位介质片的设计：将定位介质片的直径设置成与V型振子片和H型振子片的双臂长度相同，定位介质片的厚度在0.0005-0.001个低频端波长范围内选取，定位介质片用于固定振子片的相对位置以及调和天线的介质加载。Design of the positioning dielectric sheet: the diameter of the positioning dielectric sheet is set to be the same as the length of the arms of the V-shaped vibrator sheet and the H-shaped vibrator sheet, the thickness of the positioning dielectric sheet is selected within the range of 0.0005-0.001 low-frequency end wavelengths, and the positioning dielectric sheet It is used to fix the relative position of the vibrator piece and to adjust the dielectric loading of the antenna.
去除定位介质片两边的中心部分，去除的中心部分直径在振子片双臂长度的-范围内选取，避免振子片因定位介质片强加载作用而出现阻抗频率特性恶化。Remove the center part on both sides of the positioning dielectric sheet, the diameter of the removed center part is at the length of the double arm of the vibrator sheet - Select within the range to avoid the deterioration of the impedance frequency characteristics of the vibrator piece due to the strong loading of the positioning dielectric piece.
定位介质片材料可选择Peek和石英陶瓷等低损耗高强度介质材料。The positioning dielectric material can choose low-loss high-strength dielectric materials such as Peek and quartz ceramics.
双线平衡器的设计：双线平衡器设置在天线反射腔的背腔内，采用四根金属短路立柱实现（横截面形状可圆可方）。两两相对的金属圆柱构成两组双线传输线。双线传输线的特性阻抗在120～300Ω范围内选取。金属立柱和背腔底部短路连接（结构一体）。金属立柱的长度在0.3～0.45个高频端波长范围选取。The design of the two-wire balancer: the two-wire balancer is set in the back cavity of the antenna reflection cavity, and is realized by four metal short-circuit columns (the cross-sectional shape can be round or square). Two opposite metal cylinders form two sets of two-wire transmission lines. The characteristic impedance of the two-wire transmission line is selected in the range of 120-300Ω. The metal column and the bottom of the back cavity are short-circuited (integrated structure). The length of the metal column is selected within the range of 0.3-0.45 wavelengths at the high-frequency end.
高阻抗线的设计：将高阻抗线内嵌在双线平衡器的同轴馈线中，高阻抗线的特性阻抗在70-100欧之间选取，高阻抗性的长度在-个高频端波长范围内选取，起调和天线阻抗频率特性作用，使驻波带宽达到3：1。Design of high impedance line: Embed the high impedance line in the coaxial feeder of the two-wire balancer, the characteristic impedance of the high impedance line is selected between 70-100 ohms, and the length of the high impedance line is between - Selected within the wavelength range of the high-frequency end, it plays the role of reconciling the frequency characteristics of the antenna impedance, so that the standing wave bandwidth reaches 3:1.
馈电探针的设计：馈电探针分为V馈电探针和H馈电探针，两个馈电探针采用金属片实现，两个馈电探针的中间部分增加高温低损耗抗辐照介质套，避免V/H馈电探针交叉位置出现短路。Design of feeding probes: feeding probes are divided into V feeding probes and H feeding probes. The two feeding probes are realized by metal sheets. The irradiated medium cover prevents short circuit at the intersection of V/H feed probes.
下面提供一个具体的实施实例：A specific implementation example is provided below:
实施实例为3：1带宽异型介质加载双线极化背腔天线。异型加载介质板和定位介质片均选择介电常数3.2的PEEK材料。异型加载介质板厚度选取0.03个低频端等效波长；定位介质片厚度选取0.0005个低频端波长。天线口面直径选取0.4个低频端波长，其高度选取0.25个低频端波长。An implementation example is a cavity-backed antenna with dual-linear polarization loaded on a 3:1 bandwidth heterogeneous medium. The PEEK material with a dielectric constant of 3.2 is selected for the special-shaped loading medium plate and the positioning medium sheet. The thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate is selected as 0.03 equivalent wavelengths at the low-frequency end; the thickness of the positioning dielectric plate is selected as 0.0005 wavelengths at the low-frequency end. The diameter of the antenna aperture is selected as 0.4 wavelengths of the low-frequency end, and the height thereof is selected as 0.25 wavelengths of the low-frequency end.
如图6-图12所示，其中，图6-图8分别是V端口在频率的低端、中心频率、频率的高端的辐射方向图；图9-图11分别是H端口在频率的低端、中心频率、频率的高端的辐射方向图。As shown in Figures 6-12, Figures 6-8 are the radiation patterns of the V port at the low end of the frequency, the center frequency, and the high end of the frequency; Figures 9-11 are the radiation patterns of the H port at the low frequency The radiation pattern of the end, center frequency, and high end of the frequency.
本发明并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。本发明扩展到任何在本说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的组合。如果本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神所做的非实质性改变或改进，都应该属于本发明权利要求保护的范围。The present invention is not limited to the foregoing specific embodiments. The present invention extends to any new feature or any new combination disclosed in this specification, and any new method or process step or any new combination disclosed. Any insubstantial changes or improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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