CN114462277A - Design method of pipeline fluid control direct-acting electromagnetic valve in chemical field - Google Patents
Design method of pipeline fluid control direct-acting electromagnetic valve in chemical field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a direct-acting electromagnetic valve, which mainly comprises a valve body, a spring, an electromagnetic coil, a movable iron core and a fixed iron core; the method comprises the following steps: determining the voltage, the switch closing time and the basic size of the outer diameter of the electromagnetic valve; calculating the spring force required when the electromagnetic valve is closed; designing a spring according to the elastic force of the spring, and carrying out functional verification on the spring; calculating the electromagnetic force required when the electromagnetic valve is opened; and constructing a magnetic circuit structure of the solenoid valve according to the electromagnetic force and carrying out magnetic force verification. The electromagnetic valve has the advantages of wide application range and strong universality, can design the electromagnetic valve with more stable performance aiming at the response speed requirement of the electromagnetic valve under different use conditions and the voltage provided by an actual use place, can effectively avoid the phenomenon that the electromagnetic valve is heated when working for a long time, so that an electromagnetic coil is burnt, the sealing performance of the valve body is reduced due to long-time use because of larger electromagnetic force, the failure rate of equipment is reduced, the power consumption of the electromagnetic valve is reduced, and the safe operation of the electromagnetic valve is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of a direct-acting solenoid valve, in particular to a design method of a direct-acting solenoid valve considering the spring elasticity and the electromagnetic force of a solenoid valve.
Background
The electromagnetic valve is an automatic basic element for controlling industrial equipment by electromagnetic force, and plays an extremely important role in a chemical device system. Chemical production needs to carry out accurate control to different return circuits and produces controllable chemical reaction to the product that can high-efficient production needs, the purpose to each return circuit accurate control is the important variable in the control chemical production: pressure, flow, liquid level, temperature and the like, and each important loop is provided with a corresponding indicator and an alarm device to ensure that the control variable is in the working range. Solenoid valves are the most commonly used variable regulating elements in the process flow. The electromagnetic valve is connected with a control signal to regulate the motion of substances in the pipeline and control the process reaction in a set mode, so that the electromagnetic valve plays a vital role in chemical production.
With the rapid development of scientific technology, the requirement of chemical production on the reliability of a process control system is higher and higher, and the currently used electromagnetic valve has the following problems under the working condition: the long-time electrification can cause the heating of the coil, and the burning of the electromagnetic coil is easy to cause the problem of shortening the service life of the electromagnetic valve; when the electromagnetic valve is opened, the sealing performance of the electromagnetic valve can be reduced due to long-time use because the electromagnetic force is larger; the time of the opening and closing process of the electromagnetic valve can not be flexibly designed according to the corresponding actual requirements of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a design method of a direct-acting electromagnetic valve with wide application range and strong universality.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a pipeline fluid control direct-acting electromagnetic valve in the chemical field, which consists of a valve body (3), a spring (5), an electromagnetic coil (1), a movable iron core (2) and a fixed iron core (4); the design method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining working parameters of the electromagnetic valve according to the using place of the electromagnetic valve;
(2) calculating the spring force when the electromagnetic valve is closed;
(3) designing a spring according to the elastic force of the spring, verifying the function of the spring, judging whether the elastic performance of the spring meets the requirement or not, and redesigning the structural parameters of the spring if not;
(4) calculating the electromagnetic force required when the electromagnetic valve is opened;
(5) and designing magnetic structure parameters of the electromagnetic valve according to the electromagnetic force required by the electromagnetic valve in a stable working state, constructing the magnetic structure and carrying out magnetic verification until the magnetic structure meets the requirements, otherwise, redesigning the magnetic structure.
The working parameters of the electromagnetic valve in the step (1) comprise rated voltage, spring support number of turns n, movable iron core mass m and working stroke x1Opening time t1And closing time t2。
The spring force in step (2) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, FT1The spring compression amount is x1The elastic force of the spring is used; fT2The pre-set spring pre-tightening force is set; m is the mass of the movable iron core; v is the moving speed of the movable iron core; t is the closing time of the electromagnetic valve; x is the number of1Moving the movable iron core; x is the number of2The spring compression when the pre-tightening force is loaded on the spring; g is the acceleration of gravity.
The step (3) comprises the following steps:
calculating the maximum elastic force applied to the electromagnetic valve in the closing process according to the following formula:
FT＝-k(x1+x2)
wherein k is the spring stiffness coefficient.
The stiffness coefficient of the spring mainly corresponds to the material of the spring, the diameter of a spring wire, the effective number of turns and the pitch diameter of the spring, and the expression is as follows:
wherein G is the shear elastic modulus of the spring and is determined by the material of the spring; d is the diameter of the spring wire; n is the effective number of turns; d is the spring pitch diameter.
According to the working load of the spring needed to be achieved in the mechanism device, the spring winding ratio C, the spring wire diameter D and the spring pitch diameter D are determined according to the following formula:
according to the determined shear elastic modulus of the spring material, the wire diameter of the spring and the middle diameter D of the spring, determining the effective number of turns n of the spring according to the following formula:
in the step (4), the electromagnetic force required for opening the electromagnetic valve is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein,
is FT1The average effective force during the moving of the movable iron core is calculated according to the following formula:
in the step (5), the air gap sectional area S, the copper wire diameter d and the magnetic leakage coefficient K of the electromagnetic valve are designed according to the following formulafAir gap length delta, outer diameter of winding D1And bobbin diameter D2To stabilize the electromagnetic valveThe electromagnetic force F and the magnetic circuit structure parameters of the electromagnetic valve required in the operating state satisfy the following formula:
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the electromagnetic valve has the advantages that the application range is wide, the universality is high, the electromagnetic valve with more stable performance can be designed according to the voltage which can be provided for the electromagnetic valve response speed requirement and the actual use place under different use conditions, the difficult problems that the electromagnetic coil is burnt due to the fact that the coil is heated and the tightness of the valve body is reduced due to the fact that the electromagnetic force is large when the electromagnetic valve works for a long time can be effectively avoided, the failure rate of equipment is reduced, the power consumption of the electromagnetic valve is reduced, and the safe operation of the electromagnetic valve is guaranteed. The electromagnetic valve structure can be designed in advance according to the actual requirements of industrial production, and the reliability of the performance of the electromagnetic valve is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a solenoid valve of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of the structural design of the solenoid valve spring according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a logic diagram of the magnetic circuit structure design of the solenoid valve of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
The working principle of the direct-acting electromagnetic valve in the embodiment is as follows: when the electromagnetic valve is electrified, the movable iron core and the static iron core are magnetized by a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil, the movable iron core moves upwards under the action of magnetic force, and the valve is opened at the moment; when the electromagnetic valve is powered off, the movable iron core is reset under the action of the spring, and the valve is closed. The electromagnetic valve consists of a valve body (3), a spring (5), an electromagnetic coil (1), a movable iron core (2) and a fixed iron core (4); the design method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the voltage, the switch closing time and the basic size of the outer diameter of the electromagnetic valve according to the use requirement;
(2) calculating the spring force required when the electromagnetic valve is closed;
(3) designing a spring according to the elastic force of the spring, and carrying out functional verification on the spring until the function of the spring meets the requirement, or redesigning the structure of the spring;
(4) calculating the electromagnetic force required when the electromagnetic valve is opened;
(5) and constructing a magnetic circuit structure of the electromagnetic valve according to the electromagnetic force, and carrying out magnetic verification until the magnetic circuit structure meets the requirements, otherwise, redesigning the magnetic circuit structure.
1. Determining rated voltage, spring support number of turns n, movable iron core mass m and working stroke x according to the using place of the electromagnetic valve1Opening time t1Closing time t2。
2. Moving iron core motion analysis when electromagnetic valve is closed
In order to enhance the sealing performance between the movable iron core and the base after the electromagnetic valve is closed, pretightening force is applied to the spring, and the pretightening force F is set according to requirementsT2。
FT2＝-kx2
At the moment of power failure of the electromagnetic valve, the movable iron core starts to move under the action of spring elasticity, and the dynamic motion equation sigma F ═ ma can be obtained:
FT1＝kx1
then the acceleration a at this time1Comprises the following steps:
wherein m is the mass of the movable iron core; v is the moving speed of the movable iron core; t is the closing time of the electromagnetic valve; fT1The spring compression amount is x1The elastic force of the spring is used; fT2Pre-tightening force for the spring; x is the number of1The working stroke of the movable iron core is set; x is the number of2The spring compression amount generated by the pre-tightening force of the spring is set.
After the electromagnetic valve is closed, the movable iron core is sprung by means of springThe movable iron core starts to move downwards under the action of force and gravity of the movable iron core, and the time used in the closing process of the movable iron core is t1From the kinetic equation of motion ∑ F ═ ma, one can obtain:
then the acceleration a at this time2Comprises the following steps:
during the closing process of the electromagnetic valve, because FT1Becomes smaller as the plunger moves until it is 0. In this process FT1The work is as follows:
wherein W is FT1The work done in the closing process of the movable iron core;
is FT1Average effective force during the moving of the movable iron core.
The motion of the movable iron core in the closing process of the electromagnetic valve meets the energy conservation theorem, and the equation is as follows:
then there is
The following can be obtained:
known data m, FT2、x2、t1Substituting to obtain FT1。
3. Design of spring
According to the elastic force calculation formula of the compression spring, the following can be obtained:
FT＝-kx
FT＝FT1+FT2
FT1＝-kx1
the maximum elastic force applied to the electromagnetic valve in the closing process is as follows:
FT＝-k(x1+x2)
then:
the stiffness coefficient of the spring mainly corresponds to the material of the spring, the diameter of a spring wire, the effective number of turns and the pitch diameter of the spring, and the expression is as follows:
wherein G is the shear elastic modulus of the spring material; d is the diameter of the spring wire; n is the effective number of turns; d is the spring pitch diameter.
From the above formula, one can obtain:
g is determined according to the material used for the spring, and the spring winding ratio C is given by the following relation:
the spring convolution has a higher impact on the strength, stiffness, stability of the spring and ease of manufacture of the spring. When the winding is small, the spring stiffness is high, and the winding difficulty is high; when the convolution is large, the spring stiffness is small and the deformation is easy. The convolution ratio C of a common spring is approximately equal to 5-8, and can be obtained according to the value range of the convolution ratio C:
the spring winding ratio, the spring wire diameter D and the spring pitch diameter D are determined according to the working load of the spring to be achieved in the mechanism device. The spring convolution ratio was selected according to the following table:
| d | 0.2～0.4 | 0.5～1 | 1.2～2 | 2.5～6 | 7～16 | ＞16 |
| C＝D/d | 7-14 | 5-12 | 5-10 | 4-9 | 4-8 | 4-6 |
determining the effective number of turns n of the spring by the determined shear elastic modulus of the spring material, the wire diameter of the spring and the middle diameter D of the spring, namely:
and determining the structure of the spring according to the obtained wire diameter of the spring, the middle diameter of the spring, the effective number of turns and the number of support turns, and verifying whether the strength, the stability and the fatigue strength of the spring meet the requirements or not according to the structural parameters of the spring.
The strength condition of the spring needs to satisfy the following formula:
in the formula taumaxThe maximum torsion force generated at the inner side of the spring wire under the maximum working load; k is a radical of1A coefficient of curvature; [ tau ] to]The torsional stress is allowed.
The stability condition of the spring needs to satisfy the following formula:
in the formula bcIs the critical aspect ratio.
The spring wire is cylindrical, μ is selected according to the following table:
| two-end pivoting support mu is 1 | 2.6 |
| One end of the bearing is fixed, and the other end of the bearing is pivoted to be 0.7 | 3.7 |
| Two fixed supports mu equal to 0.5 | 5.3 |
The fatigue strength of the spring needs to satisfy the following formula:
in the formula [ s]A permissible safety factor; tau is0Is the fatigue limit of the spring material.
4. Moving iron core motion analysis when electromagnetic valve is opened
When the electromagnetic valve is opened, the power is switched on instantly, the movable iron core overcomes the pre-tightening force of the spring and the gravity of the movable iron core by means of electromagnetic force, the movable iron core is driven to move upwards, and the power can be obtained according to a kinetic motion equation sigma F-ma:
then the movable iron core acceleration a at the moment3Comprises the following steps:
after the electromagnetic valve is electrified, the movable iron core overcomes the spring elasticity, the spring pretightening force and the gravity of the movable iron core by the electromagnetic force to start to move upwards until the displacement of the movable iron core is x ═ x1Then, from the kinetic equation of motion Σ F ═ ma, one can obtain:
the acceleration a at that time4Comprises the following steps:
the movable iron core meets the energy conservation theorem in the opening process of the electromagnetic valve, namely:
in summary, the required magnitude of the electromagnetic force can be expressed by the following formula:
known data FT1、FT2、m、x1、t2、
The electromagnetic force F is obtained by substitution.
5. Construction of magnetic circuit of solenoid valve
The electromagnetic force of the solenoid valve mainly depends on the design of the magnetic circuit structure, and the calculation formula of the electromagnetic force of the solenoid valve under a stable working condition is as follows:
Φ＝BS
then there are:
wherein F is electromagnetic force; phi is the working air gap flux; mu is air permeability; s is the air gap sectional area; BETA is magnetic induction intensity.
Because the magnetic circuit has magnetic leakage, the magnetic induction intensity in the working air gap is as follows:
in the formula, N is the number of coil bundles; i is current intensity; kfIs the magnetic flux leakage coefficient; δ is the air gap length.
The calculation formula of the number of turns N of the electromagnetic coil is as follows:
the current in the coil is calculated as follows:
the method is simplified and can be obtained:
wherein L is the width of the winding; d1Is the outer meridian of the winding; d2The diameter of the spool; d is the diameter of the copper enameled wire; u is a voltage; r is the resistance of the enameled wire; ρ is the resistivity of the copper wire.
The length calculation formula of the copper enameled wire is as follows:
the simplified copper enameled wire length is as follows:
wherein l is the length of the copper enameled wire;
is the average diameter of the windings.
Namely, the magnetic induction formula is:
in summary, the following formula can be obtained:
the magnetic circuit structure of the electromagnetic valve is designed according to parameters such as the air gap sectional area, the copper wire diameter, the magnetic leakage coefficient, the air gap length, the winding diameter, the winding shaft diameter and the like of the electromagnetic valve according to a magnetic circuit structure design logic diagram of the electromagnetic valve in FIG. 2, structural parameters of structural components of the electromagnetic valve are combined through a control variable method, an experimental scheme is created and subjected to simulation modeling analysis, a finite element simulation model is established based on MATLAB and Ansoft Maxwell, finite element analysis is carried out, the electromagnetic valve structure is determined, and the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic valve under corresponding voltage is F.
The parts not described in detail in this embodiment can be implemented by the prior art, and thus are not described again.
Claims (6)
1. A design method of a pipeline fluid control direct-acting electromagnetic valve in the chemical field comprises the steps that the direct-acting electromagnetic valve comprises a valve body (3), a spring (5), an electromagnetic coil (1), a movable iron core (2) and a fixed iron core (4); the design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the voltage, the opening and closing time and the size of the outer diameter of the electromagnetic valve according to the use requirement;
(2) calculating the spring elasticity required when the electromagnetic valve is closed according to the motion analysis of the movable iron core;
(3) designing a basic structure of the spring according to the elastic force of the spring, and carrying out software analysis and verification on the performance of the spring until the performance of the spring meets the requirements;
(4) calculating the electromagnetic force required when the electromagnetic valve is opened;
(5) and determining relevant parameters of the magnetic circuit structure of the electromagnetic valve according to the electromagnetic force and the working voltage required by the electromagnetic valve in the stable working state, constructing the magnetic circuit structure and carrying out magnetic verification until the magnetic circuit structure meets the requirements.
2. The design method of electromagnetic valve according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring force in step (2) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, FT1The spring compression amount is x1Spring force of time spring FT2The spring pretightening force is adopted, and m is the mass of the movable iron core; v is the moving speed of the movable iron core; t is the closing time of the electromagnetic valve; x is the number of1The working stroke of the movable iron core is set; x is the number of2The spring compression when the spring is loaded with pretightening force, and g is the gravity acceleration.
3. The design method of the electromagnetic valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the working parameters of the electromagnetic valve in the step (3) comprise rated voltage, number n of spring support turns, mass m of the movable iron core, and working stroke x1Opening time t1And closing time t2。
4. A solenoid valve design method according to claim 3 wherein said step (3) comprises the steps of:
(31) calculating the maximum elastic force applied to the electromagnetic valve in the closing process according to the following formula:
FT＝-k(x1+x2)
wherein k is the spring stiffness coefficient and is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein G is the shear elastic modulus of the spring and is determined by the material of the spring; d is the diameter of the spring wire; n is the effective number of turns; d is the middle diameter of the spring;
(32) according to the work load of the spring to be achieved in the mechanism device, the spring winding ratio C, the spring wire diameter D and the spring pitch diameter D are determined according to the following formula:
(33) according to the determined shear elastic modulus of the spring material, the wire diameter of the spring and the middle diameter D of the spring, determining the effective number of turns n of the spring according to the following formula:
5. the design method of a solenoid valve according to claim 4, characterized in that the electromagnetic force required for opening the solenoid valve is calculated in step (4) as follows:
wherein,
is FT1The average effective force during the moving of the movable iron core is calculated according to the following formula:
6. the design method of solenoid valve according to claim 4, wherein the relevant parameters of the magnetic structure in step (5) include air gap cross-sectional area S, copper wire diameter d, and magnetic leakage coefficient KfAir gap length delta, outer diameter of winding D1And bobbin diameter D2And the electromagnetic force F and the working voltage U required by the electromagnetic valve in a stable working state meet the following formula by the parameters:
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