CN114460511A - Method for testing performance of finished magnetic steel - Google Patents
Method for testing performance of finished magnetic steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114460511A CN114460511A CN202111312121.6A CN202111312121A CN114460511A CN 114460511 A CN114460511 A CN 114460511A CN 202111312121 A CN202111312121 A CN 202111312121A CN 114460511 A CN114460511 A CN 114460511A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a performance test method of finished magnetic steel, which is used for testing a magnetic moment value M1 of the magnetic steel; fixing the magnetic steel in demagnetization equipment and applying a first demagnetization field; taking out the magnetic steel from the demagnetization equipment; testing a magnetic moment value M2 of the taken magnetic steel, and judging whether the secondary magnetic moment value meets the regulation; recording the value of the demagnetization field until the magnetic moment value is satisfied; detecting that the required knee point coercive force value Hk is between Hi-1 and Hi; continuously applying a second demagnetizing field to the magnetic steel fixing demagnetizing equipment; taking out the magnetic steel, and measuring a third magnetic moment value of the magnetic steel; calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value meets the condition; until the recorded demagnetization field value Hj is satisfied; the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj is between Hj-1 and Hj. The finished product magnetic steel of the product in the same industry can be directly detected and analyzed on the premise of not damaging the magnetic steel, the detection and test speed is high, the detection efficiency is high, and the detection accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to magnetic steel detection, in particular to a magnetic steel performance test method for testing the performance of magnetic steel.
Background
Usually, three parameters of magnetic properties of the magnetic steel are most important, namely, the first remanence (Br), the second intrinsic coercivity (Hcj) and the third knee point coercivity (Hk); and Br represents the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity which can be generated by the magnetic steel, Hcj is the magnetic field required when the magnetic steel is completely demagnetized, and Hk is the magnetic field intensity when the magnetic steel starts to be demagnetized. In actual use, Hk has a greater significance.
The existing magnetic steel performance evaluation test has two modes: 1. cutting a standard sample block from the blank, grinding the surface of the standard sample block, and measuring the performance of the magnetic steel by using a hysteresis loop tester; the standard sample block is usually a cylinder with the size of D10 × 10mm or a square block with the size of 10 × 10mm, and the size of the magnetization direction of the magnetic steel cannot be smaller than 5mm in order to match the corresponding test coil; 2. and testing the magnetic field intensity on the surface of the magnetic steel to calculate the residual magnetism (Br) of the material, and testing the demagnetization proportion of the magnetic steel at different temperatures to calculate the intrinsic coercive force value (Hcj).
However, in the actual production or research and development process, the benchmarking analysis of products in the same industry is often required, and the performance which is as accurate as possible is required to be obtained in the fastest time on the premise that the magnetic steel is not damaged. In the existing evaluation test mode, the mode of the prior art 1 needs to manufacture a standard sample block, grind the surface of the standard sample block and then use a corresponding test coil to test on a hysteresis loop tester to obtain an accurate result; the size of the detected magnetic steel is limited, so that the nondestructive testing condition of the magnetic steel on the premise of not damaging the magnetic steel cannot be met, and the finished magnetic steel cannot be directly tested; in the evaluation test mode, the demagnetization ratios at different temperatures in the test of the prior art 2 need longer time, the error is large, and the Br and Hcj values are calculated through the surface magnetic field and the demagnetization ratios, so that the accuracy is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a finished product magnetic steel performance testing method which can directly detect and analyze finished product magnetic steel of products in the same industry on the premise of not damaging the magnetic steel, and has the advantages of high detection testing speed, high detection efficiency and high detection accuracy.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems: a method for testing the performance of finished magnetic steel is characterized by comprising the following testing steps:
A1. testing the magnetic moment value M1 of the magnetic steel, and counting the residual magnetism Br value of the magnetic steel by using finite element analysis software;
A2. fixing the magnetic steel in a demagnetization device, wherein the direction of a demagnetization magnetic field is required to be opposite to the magnetization direction of the magnetic steel;
A3. applying a first demagnetizing field, wherein the intensity of the first demagnetizing field (Hi, i is 1,2 …) is less than half of the lowest Hcj value of the magnetic steel material;
A4. taking out the magnetic steel from the demagnetization equipment;
A5. the taken-out magnetic steel is tested for the magnetic moment value of M2,
A6. calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value meets (M1-M2)/M1 and is less than or equal to 5 percent;
A7. if the magnetic steel meets the condition that (M1-M2)/M1 is less than or equal to 5 percent, returning to the step A2, fixing the magnetic steel in demagnetization equipment for demagnetization, wherein the value of a demagnetization magnetic field is increased relative to the previous time, the increased value is less than 0.02-0.1 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the detected type magnetic steel material, and circularly and continuously executing the steps A2-A6;
A8. recording the demagnetization field value Hi until the magnetic moment value meets (M1-M2)/M1 is more than or equal to 5 percent;
A9. finally, the coercivity value Hk of the knee point required by the performance detection of the magnetic steel is between Hi-1 and Hi;
A10. after the steps A1-A9 are executed, the magnetic steel is continuously fixed in demagnetization equipment;
A11. continuously applying a second demagnetizing field Hj (the j is i +1, i +2 …), wherein the added value of the second demagnetizing field Hj is less than 0.01-0.05 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the magnetic steel material;
A12. taking out the magnetic steel, and then measuring the M3 magnetic moment value of the magnetic steel;
A13. calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value meets (M1-M3)/M1 and is less than or equal to 100 percent;
A14. in the step a12, if M3 is not less than 0, the magnetic steel needs to be continuously placed in demagnetization equipment for demagnetization, the step a10 is returned to be executed, the magnetic steel is continuously fixed in the demagnetization equipment, the magnetic steel is continuously demagnetized, the value of the demagnetized magnetic field is increased relative to the previous time, and the increased value is less than 0.01 to 0.05 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the magnetic steel material; the steps A10 to A14 are continuously executed in the circulation;
A15. recording the demagnetization field value Hj until M3 is less than 0;
A16. in the step A13, if the measured value can not satisfy (M1-M3)/M1 is less than or equal to 100%, recording the corresponding demagnetizing field Hj at the moment; if the measured value can satisfy (M1-M3)/M1 is less than or equal to 100 percent, returning to the step A10, and continuing to execute the steps A10 to A14;
A17. finally, the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj required by the performance detection of the magnetic steel is between Hj-1 and Hj;
the steps are as follows: m1 is the initial magnetic moment value of the test magnet steel under the normal temperature environment; m2 is the magnetic moment value obtained after step 3 and step 4, and can be called M2 as long as the magnetic moment value is obtained by testing in two steps;
similar to M2, the magnetic moment values obtained through step 6 or step 7, so long as the magnetic moment values are tested in two steps, can be referred to as M3; hi represents the first demagnetizing field strength of cyclic increase, i represents the corresponding demagnetizing times, for example, i-5 is the demagnetizing field strength after 5 th increase, and corresponding i-1 is the demagnetizing field strength after 4 th increase; hj represents the second demagnetizing field strength of the cyclic increase, j represents the corresponding demagnetizing times, for example, j-10 is the demagnetizing field strength after 10 th increase, and j-1 is the demagnetizing field strength after 9 th increase. The finished product magnetic steel of the product in the same industry can be directly detected and analyzed on the premise of not damaging the magnetic steel, the detection and test speed is high, the detection efficiency is high, and the detection accuracy is high.
Preferably, the demagnetization device comprises a yoke and a pole shoe, wherein a copper coil is arranged in the pole shoe, and a demagnetization magnetic field is generated in the working air gap after the copper coil is electrified. The simplicity and effectiveness of the demagnetization equipment are improved.
Preferably, the strength of the magnetic field is adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current/voltage of the copper coil. And the flexibility and effectiveness of demagnetization operation control are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. on the premise of not damaging the magnetic steel, the finished magnetic steel can keep the initial shape and the surface coating layer not to be damaged, and the performance data is directly obtained through testing, so that the performance is prevented from being tested after being processed for the second time into a standard sample block; 2. the finished product magnetic steel of products in the same industry can be directly detected and analyzed, the detection and test speed is high, the detection efficiency is high, and the detection accuracy is high; 3. the invention can directly test the finished product, and is particularly suitable for testing square blocks and cylindrical magnetic steel; 4. compared with the existing hysteresis loop tester, the hysteresis loop tester does not need to customize a corresponding test coil, and has no strict requirement on thickness; 5. compared with the prior surface magnetic estimation and demagnetization proportion analysis, the method has higher accuracy; 6. the invention has short test period and low test cost.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test flow structure of the finished product magnetic steel performance test method of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a demagnetization device in the method for testing the performance of the finished magnetic steel.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an M-H curve formed between the demagnetization magnetic field strength and the knee point coercivity value in the method for testing the performance of the finished product magnetic steel.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the M-H curve formed between the demagnetization magnetic field strength and the intrinsic coercivity value in the method for testing the performance of the finished magnetic steel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In embodiment 1 shown in fig. 1, a method for testing the performance of a finished magnetic steel includes the following testing steps
A1. Testing the magnetic moment value 02 of the magnetic steel M1, and counting the residual magnetism Br value of the magnetic steel by using finite element analysis software;
A2. fixing the magnetic steel in a demagnetization device 03, wherein the direction of a demagnetization magnetic field is required to be opposite to the magnetization direction of the magnetic steel;
A3. applying a first demagnetizing field 04, wherein the strength of the first demagnetizing field (Hi, i is 1,2 …) is less than half of the lowest Hcj value of the magnetic steel material;
A4. taking the magnetic steel out of the demagnetization equipment 05;
A5. the magnetic steel taken out in the step A4 is tested for the magnetic moment value M2,
A6. calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value satisfies 06 of (M1-M2)/M1 being less than or equal to 5%;
A7. if the magnetic steel meets the condition that (M1-M2)/M1 is less than or equal to 5 percent, returning to the step A2, fixing the magnetic steel in demagnetization equipment for demagnetization, wherein the value of a demagnetization magnetic field is increased relative to the previous time, the increased value is less than 0.02-0.1 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the detected type magnetic steel material, and circularly and continuously executing the steps A2-A6;
A8. recording the demagnetization field value Hi 07 until the magnetic moment value meets (M1-M2)/M1 is more than or equal to 5 percent;
A9. finally, the coercivity value Hk of the knee point required by the performance detection of the magnetic steel is between Hi-1 and Hi;
A10. after the steps A1-A9 are executed, the magnetic steel is continuously fixed in demagnetization equipment 08;
A11. continuously applying a second demagnetization field 09, wherein the added value of the second demagnetization field (Hj, j is i +1, i +2 …) is less than 0.01-0.05 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the magnetic steel material;
A12. taking out the magnetic steel, and measuring the M3 magnetic moment value 10 of the magnetic steel;
A13. calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value meets (M1-M3)/M1 and is less than or equal to 100 percent 11;
A14. in the step a12, if M3 is not less than 0, the magnetic steel needs to be continuously placed in demagnetization equipment for demagnetization, the step a10 is returned to be executed, the magnetic steel is continuously fixed in the demagnetization equipment, the magnetic steel is continuously demagnetized, the value of the demagnetized magnetic field is increased relative to the previous time, and the increased value is less than 0.01 to 0.05 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the magnetic steel material; the steps A10 to A14 are continuously executed in the circulation;
A15. recording the corresponding demagnetizing field value Hj 12 until M3 is less than 0;
A16. in the step A13, if the measured value can not satisfy (M1-M3)/M1 is less than or equal to 100%, recording the corresponding demagnetizing field Hj 12 at the moment; if the measured value can satisfy (M1-M3)/M1 is less than or equal to 100 percent, returning to the step A10, and continuing to execute the steps A10 to A14;
A17. finally, the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj required by the performance detection of the magnetic steel is between Hj-1 and Hj;
the steps are as follows: m1 is the initial magnetic moment value of the test magnet steel under the normal temperature environment; m2 is the magnetic moment value obtained after step 3 and step 4, and can be called M2 as long as the magnetic moment value is obtained by testing in two steps;
similar to M2, the magnetic moment values obtained through step 6 or step 7, so long as the magnetic moment values are tested in two steps, can be referred to as M3; hi represents the first demagnetizing field strength of cyclic increase, i represents the corresponding demagnetizing times, for example, i-5 is the demagnetizing field strength after 5 th increase, and corresponding i-1 is the demagnetizing field strength after 4 th increase; hj represents the second demagnetizing field strength of the cyclic increase, j represents the corresponding demagnetizing times, for example, j-10 is the demagnetizing field strength after 10 th increase, and j-1 is the demagnetizing field strength after 9 th increase. The magnetic moment value M1 is obtained by a helmholtz coil + electronic fluxmeter test, which is a conventional test method. The test procedure was as follows: 1. placing a product to be tested in the center of the coil, wherein the magnetization direction is parallel to the axial direction of the coil; 2. the electronic magnetic flux meter returns to zero; 3. taking the product to be detected out of the coil, and reading the reading number at the moment to obtain M1; the magnetic moment value M3 is obtained by a helmholtz coil + electronic fluxmeter test, which includes the following steps: 1. placing a product to be tested in the center of the coil, wherein the magnetization direction is parallel to the axial direction of the coil; 2. the electronic magnetic flux meter returns to zero; 3. the product to be tested is removed from the coil and the reading is M3. The demagnetization equipment comprises a yoke and a pole shoe, wherein a copper coil is arranged in the pole shoe, and a demagnetization magnetic field is generated in a working air gap after the pole shoe is electrified. The strength of the magnetic field is adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the copper coil current/voltage. The finite element analysis software used was that of the prior art.
The test principle is as follows:
1. the demagnetization device mainly comprises a yoke 20 and a pole shoe 30 (see fig. 2), wherein a copper coil is arranged in the pole shoe 30, and a demagnetization magnetic field can be generated in a working air gap 31 after the copper coil is electrified; the strength of the magnetic field can be adjusted by controlling the current/voltage of the copper coil; the demagnetization equipment can use the effect of realizing demagnetization of the existing hysteresis loop tester.
2. On the M-H curve (see fig. 3), when the demagnetizing magnetic field strength H is smaller than the knee point coercive force value Hk, the reduction ratio of the magnetic moment does not exceed 10%, such as the position of Hi-1; when the demagnetizing field intensity H is greater than Hk, the reduction ratio of the magnetic moment rapidly exceeds 10%. Such as the position of Hi. The extent of Hk can be determined by finding the extent of the demagnetizing field intensity where the magnetic moment value varies by more than 10%.
3. On the M-H curve (see fig. 4), when the demagnetizing magnetic field strength H is smaller than the intrinsic coercive force value Hcj, the value of the magnetic moment is positive, e.g., the position of Hj-1; when the demagnetizing magnetic field strength H is greater than Hcj, the value of the magnetic moment is negative, such as the position of Hj; the extent of Hcj can be determined by finding the corresponding range of demagnetizing field strengths in which the magnetic moment value changes from positive to negative.
In the positional relationship description of the present invention, the appearance of terms such as "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings is merely for convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operation, and thus, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing summary and structure are provided to explain the principles, general features, and advantages of the product and to enable others skilled in the art to understand the invention. The foregoing examples and description have been presented to illustrate the principles of the invention and are intended to provide various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A method for testing the performance of finished magnetic steel is characterized by comprising the following testing steps:
A1. testing the magnetic moment value M1 of the magnetic steel, and counting the residual magnetism Br value of the magnetic steel by using finite element analysis software;
A2. fixing the magnetic steel in a demagnetization device, wherein the direction of a demagnetization magnetic field is required to be opposite to the magnetization direction of the magnetic steel;
A3. applying a first demagnetizing field, wherein the intensity of the first demagnetizing field (Hi, i is 1,2 …) is less than half of the lowest Hcj value of the magnetic steel material;
A4. taking out the magnetic steel from the demagnetization equipment;
A5. the taken-out magnetic steel is tested for the magnetic moment value of M2,
A6. calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value meets (M1-M2)/M1 and is less than or equal to 5 percent;
A7. if the magnetic steel meets the condition that (M1-M2)/M1 is less than or equal to 5 percent, returning to the step A2, fixing the magnetic steel in demagnetization equipment for demagnetization, wherein the value of a demagnetization magnetic field is increased relative to the previous time, the increased value is less than 0.02-0.1 of the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj of the detected type magnetic steel material, and circularly and continuously executing the steps A2-A6;
A8. recording the demagnetization field value Hi until the magnetic moment value meets (M1-M2)/M1 is more than or equal to 5 percent;
A9. finally, the coercivity value Hk of the knee point required by the performance detection of the magnetic steel is between Hi-1 and Hi;
A10. after the steps A1-A9 are executed, the magnetic steel is continuously fixed in demagnetization equipment;
A11. continuously applying a second demagnetizing field Hj (the j is i +1, i +2 …), wherein the increment value of the second demagnetizing field Hj is less than 0.01-0.05 of the lowest intrinsic coercive force value Hcj of the magnetic steel material;
A12. taking out the magnetic steel, and then measuring the M3 magnetic moment value of the magnetic steel;
A13. calculating and judging whether the quadratic magnetic moment value meets (M1-M3)/M1 and is less than or equal to 100 percent;
A14. in the step a12, if M3 is not less than 0, the magnetic steel needs to be continuously placed in demagnetization equipment for demagnetization, the step a10 is executed, the magnetic steel is continuously fixed in the demagnetization equipment, the magnetic steel is continuously demagnetized, the value of the demagnetized magnetic field is increased relative to the previous value, and the increased value is less than 0.01 to 0.05 of the lowest intrinsic coercive force Hcj value of the magnetic steel material; the steps A10 to A14 are continuously executed in the circulation;
A15. recording the demagnetization field value Hj until M3 is less than 0;
A16. in the step A13, if the measured value can not satisfy (M1-M3)/M1 is less than or equal to 100%, recording the corresponding demagnetizing field Hj at the moment; if the measured value can satisfy (M1-M3)/M1 is less than or equal to 100 percent, returning to the step A10, and continuing to execute the steps A10 to A14;
A17. finally, the lowest intrinsic coercivity value Hcj required by the performance detection of the magnetic steel is between Hj-1 and Hj;
the steps are as follows: m1 is the initial magnetic moment value of the test magnetic steel under the normal temperature environment; m2 is the magnetic moment value obtained after step 3 and step 4, and can be called M2 as long as the magnetic moment value is obtained by testing in two steps; similar to M2, the magnetic moment values obtained through step 6 or step 7, so long as the magnetic moment values are tested in two steps, can be referred to as M3; hi represents the first demagnetizing field strength of cyclic increase, i represents the corresponding demagnetizing times, for example, i-5 is the demagnetizing field strength after 5 th increase, and corresponding i-1 is the demagnetizing field strength after 4 th increase; hj represents the second demagnetizing field strength of cyclic increase, j represents the corresponding demagnetizing times, for example, j equals 10 is the demagnetizing field strength after 10 th increase, and j-1 is the demagnetizing field strength after 9 th increase.
2. A method for testing the performance of finished magnetic steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said demagnetizing equipment includes yoke and pole shoe, the pole shoe has copper coil inside, after power on, it generates demagnetizing field in the working air gap.
3. A method for testing the performance of a finished magnetic steel according to claim 2, wherein the strength of the magnetic field is adjusted by controlling the current/voltage of the copper coil.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204188792U (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-04 | 湖北三江航天红峰控制有限公司 | A kind of aluminium nickel cobalt or samarium cobalt permanent magnet magnet steel magnetic property homogeneity test device |
| CN110487160A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-22 | 青岛艾普智能仪器有限公司 | A kind of p-m rotor magnet steel test method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204188792U (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-04 | 湖北三江航天红峰控制有限公司 | A kind of aluminium nickel cobalt or samarium cobalt permanent magnet magnet steel magnetic property homogeneity test device |
| CN110487160A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-22 | 青岛艾普智能仪器有限公司 | A kind of p-m rotor magnet steel test method |
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