CN114459058A

CN114459058A - Method for generating high-grade heat energy-high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas by biomass combustion

Info

Publication number: CN114459058A
Application number: CN202210045913.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵红日
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-01-09
Filing date: 2022-01-09
Publication date: 2022-05-10

Abstract

The invention name is as follows: a method for generating high-grade heat energy-high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas by burning biomass belongs to the technical field of energy and power engineering. The dried biomass is injected into the high-pressure combustion chamber in the shape of dense particles by a biomass pump, and the biomass pump and the high-pressure combustion chamber work synchronously. The dense particles are biomass particles with reduced compression standards, have airtight compactness in the forming process, and are easy to burn without pursuing specific shapes when injected into a high-pressure combustion chamber. The combustion heat value of the dried compact particles in a high-pressure combustion chamber is higher, and high-grade high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas is formed. The ash beater has good sealing performance, and ash falls through the sealed ash beater or mechanical vibration, and is discharged continuously in an intermittent or sealed state. The biomass pump has the characteristics that the outlet is concentrated, the biomass can be clamped and prevented from being reversely pushed back by high-pressure fuel gas, and the biomass pump is equivalent to the action of a diesel engine oil pump. The technical scheme that the real biomass is directly combusted and enters a heat engine to be converted into kinetic energy is the highest-level form of biomass energy conversion.

Description

Method for generating high-grade heat energy-high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas by biomass combustion

The technical field is as follows: a method for generating high-grade heat energy-high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas by burning biomass belongs to the technical field of energy and power engineering.

Background art:

firstly, most of thermal machinery uses fossil fuel as energy, and in the field of looking for new energy for replacing the fossil energy, people seem to have no way to convert biomass into high-temperature high-pressure gas through direct combustion and then into electric power or power for driving a locomotive.

Biomass energy belongs to energy with lower grade, a concept in the aspect of biomass utilization is firstly perfected, a technology called as a technology for converting biomass into electric power by direct combustion is provided, the essence is that biomass is combusted, high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is formed and then converted into electric power, high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas generated by direct combustion is not converted into electric power, and the technology called as a technology for converting true biomass into power or electric power by direct combustion is realized by converting biomass into high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas into high-grade heat energy and directly converting the high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas into power.

The biomass energy is converted into power through the intermediate process of steam or gasification into wood gas, and the power is used for gas-electricity-carbon co-production and other comprehensive purposes and used as a power source of a steam turbine and a gas turbine or a tractor driven by a wood gas engine and the like;

and thirdly, the biomass is mostly applied to biomass briquettes, rod-shaped and granular fuels formed by biomass solids combusted in industrial boilers. The pressure for producing the rod-shaped fuel is small, generally 10MPa, and the density is generally 0.9 multiplied by 10³Kg/m³。

The biomass particle technology is divided into two types, one type is feed particles, the density is low, the biomass particle is conventionally called as soft particles and is used as feed; the other is biomass particle technology for industrial combustion, which comprises the steps of drying and crushing fluffy biomass without a certain shape, extruding, polymerizing and molding by using a flat die biomass particle processing method, a ring die biomass particle processing method and a stamping biomass particle processing method under the conditions that the temperature reaches more than 200 ℃, lignin of the biomass is softened and has viscosity, the pressure is 30-120MPa, the heat value is 14000-³Kg/m³Biomass particles with the diameter of 6-20mm are customarily called as hard particles and are used as industrial fuels, and the biomass particles have the defects of high pressure and high energy consumption during manufacturing.

The plunger particle technology is shown in figure 1-a, and a plunger presses biomass particles on a corresponding cylinder die; piston ram pellet or rod making techniques figure 2-a shows a piston ram in a cylinder to ram biomass through one or more relatively concentrated orifices into a solid fuel, some ram pistons being referred to as ram heads.

The invention content is as follows:

the thermodynamic scheme of finally converting high-temperature and high-pressure gas into kinetic energy through the gas compressor, the gas cleaner and the expansion machine is called as a biomass thermodynamic system, so that the biomass thermodynamic system is realized, the biomass directly burns to generate the high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the best combustion method, which is the core technology of the biomass thermodynamic system, biomass fuel is injected into a high-pressure combustion chamber through a biomass pump, the biomass burns to generate the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the technical problems are solved as follows:

first, simplified biomass pump

The biomass fuel is injected into the high-pressure combustion chamber at a constant speed. A processing technology suitable for a biomass thermodynamic system is screened from various biomass particle processing technologies, a functional biomass pump with a diesel engine oil pump is improved, and biomass is injected into a high-pressure combustion chamber by the biomass pump. The biomass pump and the high-pressure combustion chamber are integrally and hermetically connected and synchronously work;

secondly, biomass particles in the process of being compressed in the biomass pump have compactness, so that the die holes are blocked or clamped; the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure combustion chamber cannot leak out from the gaps of the biomass particles to form compact combustion particles; the smaller the energy consumed for processing the compact particles is, the better the energy consumption is, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.

Thirdly, ash is discharged by a safe and simple method under the condition of ensuring the sealing operation of the high-pressure combustion chamber;

the technical bottlenecks are solved, and the biomass can be directly combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas by adding the existing thermodynamic technology.

The technical scheme of the invention is that a biomass particle machine with piston stamping or plunger stamping is improved into a biomass pump, processed compact particles are injected into a high-pressure combustion chamber, and the processed compact particles are directly combusted to generate high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, and the biomass particle machine comprises the following components:

first, fuel

The biomass is crushed and processed into soft particles by using the manufacturing technology of animal feed soft particles, the soft particles can be shaped and conveniently carried, the requirements of storage and transportation and the use are met, the soft particles cannot be scattered and broken, and the soft particles are dried in the air and are used as raw material fuel entering a biomass thermodynamic system which can be applied to an agriculture and forestry engine. And fuel is classified according to the principle of components and ash content, wherein the 1 grade is biomass with the ash content of less than 0.5 percent of wood components, particularly hardwood; 2-grade biomass with ash content of more than 0.5 percent and no coking of the ash content after combustion.

The manufacturing pressure of the rod-shaped biomass fuel is 10MPa, potential ventilation risks exist due to low density, biomass particles are formed under the condition of 30-120MPa, the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber is 1.2-1.8MPa, standard compression is achieved, and energy consumption is too high.

The pressure for preparing biomass particles is reduced to prepare the biomass particles with the density between rod-shaped and granular shapes of 0.9 multiplied by 10³Kg/m³-1.0×10³Kg/m³And the granular biomass solid forming fuel with the strength. The dense biomass fuel (hereinafter, referred to as dense particles, which is distinguished from soft particles and hard particles) is formed, and the injection into the high-pressure combustion chamber is completed through a biomass granulation machine of a biomass pump. Another reason for reducing the design density is that biomass particles with high density are too resistant to burning, the burning time is long, and the fuel with the same heat value is burnt in a short time, which is more beneficial to the establishment of a thermodynamic system.

Two, piston or plunger type biomass pump

The requirements of a biomass thermodynamic system on solid fuel entering a high-pressure combustion chamber are met, and firstly, the lower the water content of the dried biomass is between 0 and 14 percent, the better the water content is, the higher the heat value is; secondly, the particle technology of a piston or a plunger with concentrated particle outlets is adopted, so that the high-pressure combustion chamber can be well connected with the high-pressure combustion chamber in a sealing way; thirdly, the manufacturing pressure of the biomass particles is matched with the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, the formed particles have compactness and blocking property to meet the requirements of the high-pressure combustion chamber, and the particles are not compressed beyond the standard and are easy to combust; and fourthly, the process flow of the biomass pump is synchronous with the combustion of the high-pressure combustion chamber, the volume is small, and the biomass pump can be attached to the high-pressure combustion chamber to form a whole.

The biomass pump drives a piston (or a stamping hammer) (6) or a plunger (4) to perform reciprocating stamping in a die cylinder barrel (5) (3) (hereinafter, the die is generally called as a die, and the part of an inner hole of the die, which forms biomass particles, is generally called as a die hole) by an external pressure machine part to form the piston or plunger type biomass granulator. The biomass particle mould has the function of a high-pressure pump in the following two ways:

one is to plug the die orifice. Reciprocating ram of piston or plunger, biomass being compressed in straight die holes fig. 1-a, fig. 2-aIn the process of forming compact particles and injecting the compact particles into a high-pressure combustion chamber, if the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber is not large, the surfaces of the biomass particles which are being formed are rough, when a piston or a plunger returns, the biomass particles which are being formed block a die hole and can play a role of a wood plug, and the maximum value F of the static friction resistance between the compact particles which are being formed and the wall of the die hole_MAXThe reaction force applied by high-pressure gas in the high-pressure combustion chamber can be slightly larger than or equal to that of the high-pressure combustion chamber, the compact particles cannot be reversely pushed, meanwhile, the compact degree of the particles can prevent high-pressure gas from leaking from the middle of the particles, and the mold hole have the function of a pump under the condition.

The other is an inverted pagoda shape. In the process that biomass is compressed into compact particles and is continuously injected into a high-pressure combustion chamber, the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber is higher, or a biomass particle raw material is provided with certain grease, the surface is particularly smooth, or the hardness of the biomass raw material is high and difficult to compress, and the pressure is low during the granulation and molding of the compact particles, so that the biomass particle raw material cannot play a role of a hard wood plug, the friction resistance with the inner wall of a die hole is low, the reverse pushing of high-pressure gas on the compact particles cannot be effectively prevented, the die hole is improved into one or more reverse pagoda groove shapes (2), the biomass is plastically deformed in the die hole from top to bottom to form particles, but the biomass particle raw material just formed by extrusion molding still has little elasticity at the initial stage, has elastic force for external expansion, and finally loses the original elasticity along with the softening of the temperature rise. When the elastic biomass passes through the reverse pagoda-shaped position (2), the elastic biomass expands to the reverse pagoda-shaped groove due to the elasticity of the elastic biomass, the groove is filled by stamping from a piston or a plunger, if the piston or the plunger returns at the moment, the static friction resistance between the formed compact particles and the die holes can not prevent the reverse thrust from the inside of the high-pressure combustion chamber, the compact particles can be reversely pushed, and when the reverse thrust is performed, the reverse pagoda groove can clamp the expanded compact particles and stop the compact particles in time, so that the running direction of the whole compact particles is enabled to move forward all the time. The die and the die hole in this case function as a pump.

The biomass can be punched into biomass particles by one piston or a punching hammer through one or more die holes, the biomass can only be punched into the biomass particles by one plunger through a cylinder type die, and the biomass particles can be produced in large quantities by arranging a plurality of plungers together and matching with the multi-die hole die. Therefore, the biomass thermodynamic system is provided with the biomass pumps with corresponding sizes and models according to the design demand of the high-pressure combustion chamber. When applied to an engine, the biomass pump can be miniaturized to have only one die hole.

When the biomass particle die hole is applied to equipment for generating power by directly burning biomass, the biomass particle die hole of the granulator is improved into an inverted pagoda groove shape to form a large biomass pump, the large biomass pump is hermetically connected with a combustion chamber or a fluidized bed combustion chamber, and biomass fuel is directly injected into a high-pressure combustion chamber by taking dry biomass fine powder as fuel.

Thirdly, biomass pump-high pressure combustion chamber integrated system, generation and ash discharge of high temperature and high pressure fuel gas

The dense particle outlet of the biomass pump shown in fig. 3 is connected with the high-pressure combustion chamber (10) through the sealed channel (9) to form a biomass pump-high-pressure combustion chamber integrated system, soft biomass particles are pushed by the spiral propeller (16), the piston or the plunger is driven by external power (7) to work, and because of the composition difference and the dryness of raw biomass, the dense particles injected into the high-pressure combustion chamber are compact scattered particles and formed long-strip-shaped particles. An inclined barrier (9) is arranged in front of a dense particle outlet of a die hole of the die, the inclined barrier can also be a corner formed by a biomass pump and a high-pressure combustion chamber sealing connecting piece, when formed long-strip dense particles contact the inclined barrier or the corner, the particles are broken and reduced, the particles fall into the high-pressure combustion chamber and can be gathered together to form a pile, so that the combustion condition is met, the high temperature of the high-pressure combustion chamber is transferred to the die (5), the dense particles are formed in the upper range of 200 ℃, and the die (5) is externally cooled by water (8) to adjust the temperature so as to prevent the temperature from being overheated and gasified or ignited in the process of forming the dense particles.

High-pressure air (11) is input into a high-pressure combustion chamber by a gas compressor, after ignition and ignition, a biomass pump and the high-pressure combustion chamber work synchronously, compact particles injected into the high-pressure combustion chamber enter a high-temperature space from 200 ℃, the compact particles reach 260 ℃ in a short time and start to be gasified into combustible gas and combust, and carbon formed after gasification gradually catches fire inwards from the outer surface along with the rise of temperature, so that clean combustion is realized. The residual mineral substances and non-pyrolyzable substances form ash, one part of the ash is carried away along with high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, and the other part of the ash falls to an ash bin from the gaps of the grate (14).

In order to prevent ash in the combustion chamber from falling down difficultly, ash is beaten by an ash beater (12) with a sealing pressure plate function, the sealing part of the ash beater is tightly pressed and airtight by the high pressure of the combustion chamber, and the ash generated by combustion rotates on the upper part of a grate (14) at an extremely slow rotating speed through the ash beater to promote the ash to fall down to an ash bin (13). The ash bin is part of the high pressure combustion chamber and is in a sealed space.

The ash discharged after combustion is classified as either batch or continuous depending on the particular application of the combustor. The intermittent ash discharge is that after the combustion chamber is stopped to be reduced to normal pressure in each working period, an ash discharge port is opened to discharge ash; the mechanical work of the thermal system is continuous, the produced ash falls into the ash bin and then is injected into the ash bin, the lower temperature of the ash bin is lower than the boiling point of water, the water and the plant ash are mixed into slurry fluid, the slurry can be discharged out of the ash bin by the atmospheric pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, or the slurry is pumped out of the ash bin by a slurry pump, and the ash discharge is completed in a closed state.

Thus, the method for generating high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas by burning the ram-type biomass particles is completed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention belongs to the highest level of biomass energy conversion, and the miniaturization target is to bane an agriculture and forestry diesel engine and possibly convert the diesel engine into industrial application; the large-scale biomass direct power generation technology is applied to biomass direct power generation, and in agricultural and forestry areas, energy resources are used in agriculture and forestry and are finally a poor choice for historical development;

the mechanical structure is simple; clean combustion is achieved. Biomass compact particles which just meet the requirements are generated, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 50%;

the grade of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas is good.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plunger-type biomass granulator in which the die orifice of FIG. 1-a is straight and the die orifice of FIG. 1-b is modified to an inverted pagoda-shaped groove;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a piston ram-type granulator in which the die holes of FIG. 2-a are straight and the die holes of FIG. 1-b are modified to be of the inverted pagoda groove type;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of biomass fuel generating high temperature and high pressure fuel gas;

fig. 4 is a diagram of a biomass thermodynamic system, which is a mechanical solution of a biomass thermodynamic process.

1. Die hole 2, reverse pagoda groove 3, cylinder die 4, plunger 5, die 6, piston 7, external punching power 8, water cooling 9, corner sealing connecting pipeline 10 with obstacle inclined plane function, high-pressure combustion chamber 11, high-pressure air 12, ash beater 13, ash bin 14, fire grate 15, high-temperature high-pressure gas 16, spiral propelling 17, cleaning dust catcher 18, expander 19, compressor 19, and piston 7

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the core technology of the above biomass thermal system is a method for generating high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas by biomass, and the key technology in the method for generating high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas by biomass is the biomass particle technology of a biomass pump. Therefore, in the mechanical aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the biomass pump is a biomass pump which is improved in a direction that the granulator is more simplified and the technical difficulty and the working strength are required to be lower than those of the prior art, so that the biomass pump is realized; in the specific combustion aspect, the dry fuel generates high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas with good grade through compact particles. The biomass pump solves the technical problem of combustion, and the compact particles change the combustion mode.

Specific data and demonstration methods are as follows, when biomass granulation machines produce biomass hard particles, the pressure is typically 30-120MPa, with an average value of 90 MPa. Most of the energy consumption is converted into heat energy to heat the biomass to above 200 ℃ and soften the biomass. In the present invention, the heating heat of the biomass is transferred from the high-pressure combustion chamber, so that the pressure applied to the biomass by the piston or plunger when external pressure is applied to the biomass is used only for pressing the biomass in the direction of the high-pressure combustion chamber without excessive consumption. When the positive pressure applied from the outside minus the irreversible loss is 1.2-1.8MPa higher than the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, the biomass pump can inject the biomass into the high-pressure combustion chamber. Irreversible losses include mechanical abrasion, loss of compaction to extrude the biomass into an airtight seal, frictional resistance of the compacted particles to the mold. Therefore, the design energy consumption of the biomass pump is most reasonable in the invention. Such a design meets the positive pressure fueling requirements of internal combustion coal gas turbine systems.

The thermal system fuel for the locomotive selects woody biomass with little ash content, adopts an intermittent ash discharge method, and takes dry and portable soft particles as the fuel of the engine after the ash is contained in an ash bin in one operation period;

the existing mature turbine technology, gas cleaning technology, material science, and the existing mature scientific technology seems to wait for the invention, and the combination with the invention can automatically form a biomass thermodynamic system: as shown in fig. 4, on one hand, biomass enters a high-pressure combustion chamber 10 in the form of dense particles, a compressor 19 supplies high-pressure air 11 to the high-pressure combustion chamber, combustion is completed in the high-pressure combustion chamber, and generated high-temperature high-pressure gas enters an expansion machine 18 for doing work after being cleaned by a cleaning dust remover 17.

Claims

1. A method for generating high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas by directly burning biomass is characterized in that dry biomass is used as a fuel raw material, a biomass pump is connected with a high-pressure combustion chamber in a sealing way (9), compact particles are generated by stamping under the positive pressure higher than the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, and the compactness of the compact particles has the function of sealing the combustion chamber in the forming process. The compact particles are injected into the high-pressure combustion chamber, broken and small, fall to the high-pressure combustion chamber and can be gathered into a pile, high-pressure air (11) is introduced, after ignition, the biomass pump and the high-pressure combustion chamber synchronously work according to the demand of the high-pressure combustion chamber, and the biomass is combusted to generate high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas (15) with good grade for further energy conversion. The ash content falls to an ash bin through an ash beater.

2. The biomass pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the biomass fuel pump is a piston (6) or plunger (4) ram type biomass fuel pump, the granular fuel outlet is concentrated, the biomass pump with the same production efficiency is matched according to the consumption of the high-pressure combustion chamber, the function of the pump is realized by arranging a reverse pagoda-shaped groove (2) on a die hole (1) of a die, when the piston or plunger is punched towards the positive direction, the dried biomass raw material is processed into compact airtight granular fuel and is injected into the high-pressure combustion chamber, and when the piston or plunger is returned towards the negative direction, the biomass fuel pump is clamped at the reverse pagoda-shaped groove of the die hole by the expansion elasticity of the biomass.

3. A biomass pump with a die hole type blocked by dense particles as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, characterized in that the fuel is pressed by a piston or plunger to form dense particles through the die hole and then injected into the high pressure combustion chamber, the surface of the dense particles formed in the straight die hole is rough, the biomass particles being formed block the die hole when the piston or plunger returns, and the maximum value F of the static friction resistance between the dense particles being formed and the wall of the die hole_MAXAnd can be larger than the reaction force exerted by the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure combustion chamber.

4. According to the claim 1 and the claim 2, a biomass pump-combustion chamber integrated system is characterized in that the biomass pump is attached to the high-pressure combustion chamber and is hermetically connected into a whole. The biomass pump and the high-pressure combustion chamber (10) are hermetically connected together through a barrier inclined plane corner type connecting pipeline (9).

5. A dense biomass particle according to claim 1 having a density of 0.9 x 10³Kg/m³-1.0×10³Kg/m³. The method is characterized in that the die is formed under the condition that the heat transfer provided by the high-pressure combustion chamber reaches more than 200 ℃, and the energy consumption required by punching compact particles is determined according to the design pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber.

6. A sealed ash beater according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing design is such that, in order to prevent the ash in the combustion chamber from falling down too easily, the ash beater 12 is used to beat the ash with the function of a sealing pressure plate, the high pressure in the combustion chamber presses the sealing part of the ash beater tight, and the ash produced by combustion is rotated on the top of the grate 14 by the beater at a very slow speed, which promotes the ash to fall down to the ash bin.

7. According to the claims 1 and 2, a method for directly injecting biomass fuel into a high-pressure combustion chamber by a biomass pump is characterized in that a die hole of a biomass granulator is improved into an inverted pagoda groove shape to form a large biomass pump, the large biomass pump is hermetically connected with the combustion chamber or a fluidized bed combustion chamber, and dry biomass fine powder is used as fuel to directly inject the biomass fuel into the high-pressure combustion chamber.