CN114457332B - Iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ductile iron castings and method - Google Patents

Iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ductile iron castings and method Download PDF

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CN114457332B
CN114457332B CN202210075870.XA CN202210075870A CN114457332B CN 114457332 B CN114457332 B CN 114457332B CN 202210075870 A CN202210075870 A CN 202210075870A CN 114457332 B CN114457332 B CN 114457332B
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iron
repairing
laser
based alloy
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CN114457332A (en
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邱长军
李育森
陈勇
朱红梅
李胜
申龙章
伍文星
喻佳臣
贺超
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University of South China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

An iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ball-milling iron castings and a method thereof relate to the technical field of laser additive repairing and remanufacturing. The special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 to 0.3 part; cr: 17-19 parts; ni: 13-16 parts; b:0.25 to 0.35 part; mn:0.8 to 1.2 portions; si:0.7 to 1.4 parts; n: 0.06-0.12 part; nb:0.1 to 0.2 part; fe: 17-61 parts. Vacuum smelting the intermediate alloy containing the elements in proportion, and atomizing with high-purity nitrogen gas. The ductile iron casting laser material-increasing repairing method comprises the following steps: treating a substrate; setting parameters; and (5) laser cladding. The method solves the problems of poor repairing performance and low repairing efficiency of the existing method for repairing the ductile iron castings by welding.

Description

Iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ductile iron castings and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive repairing and remanufacturing, in particular to iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ball milling iron castings and a method thereof.
Background
Spheroidal graphite cast iron is a high-strength cast iron material developed in the fifties of the 20 th century, and is widely applied to the industrial field because of its comprehensive properties close to steel and relatively low price. However, during the long-term service process of the ball-milling iron casting, the surface of the ball-milling iron casting gradually generates cracks, abrasion or impact blocks due to extreme working conditions or casting defects, so that the normal use of the ductile iron casting is affected.
At present, a ball milling iron casting is repaired mainly by adopting a welding mode, but the welding repair mode has the following defects: 1. in the repairing process, a large amount of C atoms in graphite spheres in the spheroidal graphite cast iron can be precipitated in a bonding area (the bonding area is a bonding area of a welding material and a base material) and converted into cementite, so that the interface of the bonding area is embrittled, a crack source is easy to generate, and the repairing performance is influenced; 2. the repair efficiency is low, the automation degree is low, and the repair efficiency depends on the experience of operators to a great extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ductile iron castings and a method thereof. The method solves the problems of poor repairing performance and low repairing efficiency of the existing method for welding and repairing the ductile iron castings.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 to 0.3 part; cr: 17-19 parts; ni: 13-16 parts; b:0.25 to 0.35 part; mn:0.8 to 1.2 portions; si:0.7 to 1.4 parts; n: 0.06-0.12 part; nb:0.1 to 0.2 part; fe: 17-61 parts.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; b:0.35 parts; mn:1.2 parts; si:1.4 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; n:0.06 parts.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; b:0.25 parts; mn:0.8 parts; si:0.7 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; n:0.12 parts.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following steps:
s01, selecting iron carbon, iron chromium, nickel chromium, ferroboron, iron manganese, iron silicon and iron niobium intermediate alloy according to the elements contained in the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting and the parts by weight of the elements to prepare an alloy mixture;
s02, smelting the alloy mixture into alloy liquid with qualified components by using a vacuum induction furnace, injecting the alloy liquid into a tundish of a vacuum atomization powder making device, enabling the alloy liquid to flow out from a bottom of the tundish through a hole, enabling the alloy liquid to contact with high-purity nitrogen to be atomized into fine liquid drops when passing through an atomization cladding nozzle of the vacuum atomization powder making device, enabling nitrogen elements to be dissolved in the liquid drops, and enabling the nitrided liquid drops to be quickly solidified into iron-based alloy powder in an atomization cylinder of the vacuum atomization device;
s03, screening the iron-based alloy powder with a screen mesh of-80-320 meshes to obtain the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the high-purity nitrogen is nitrogen with the purity not lower than 99.999 percent.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: and selecting a low-phosphorus and low-sulfur intermediate alloy so that the sum of parts by weight of phosphorus and sulfur in the finally prepared special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling cast iron part is not higher than 0.03 part.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ductile iron casting laser material-increasing repairing method is applied to the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting, and comprises the following steps of:
s01, substrate treatment: firstly removing an oxide layer on the surface of a substrate by using a grinder, then placing the substrate into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface, and then placing the substrate into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment; finally, placing the substrate on a circulating water cooling platform, and continuously cooling and radiating the substrate;
s02, parameter setting: setting the laser wavelength of 1064-1080 nm, the laser focal length of 200mm, the defocus amount of 25mm and the laser energy density of 38996W/cm of the laser cladding machine 2 The laser scanning speed is 10mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 4.33g/min, the lap joint coefficient is 0.5, the flow rate of the shielding gas is 7.5L/min, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 10L/min, and the shielding gas and the powder feeding gas are high-purity nitrogen;
s03, laser cladding:
the laser cladding machine comprises a laser, a cladding nozzle and a numerical control working platform; firstly, determining a laser scanning track of a laser cladding machine according to the surface defect condition of a substrate; then adjusting the cladding nozzle to move to the position right above the initial position of the scanning track; then adjusting the distance between the cladding nozzle and the substrate to be 5mm, and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser to be vertically downward;
and adding the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron castings into a laser cladding machine, and adding the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron castings onto the surface of the base material along a laser scanning track by adopting a coaxial lateral powder feeding mode, so as to finish the material adding and repairing of the ductile iron castings.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the high-purity nitrogen is nitrogen with the purity not lower than 99.999 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps of providing a raw material for repairing the ball-milling iron casting, repairing the ball-milling iron casting by a laser material-increasing mode, enabling the material-increasing part and the base material part to have good combination firmness, enabling the material-increasing part to have good shaping (ductility), yield strength, tensile strength, shearing strength, hardness and impact toughness, and fully meeting the repairing requirement of the ball-milling iron casting.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a tissue phase diagram of an additive repaired ductile iron casting in an additive region;
FIG. 2 is a partial 5-fold enlargement of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a phase diagram of the structure of the ball mill cast iron after additive repair in the bonding area;
FIG. 4 is a partial 5-fold enlargement of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a drawing of a tensile fracture morphology of the ductile iron casting after the additive repair in the additive portion;
FIG. 6 is a partial 10-fold enlargement of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing a morphology of a sample before and after stretching in a tensile test;
FIG. 8 is a stress-strain plot of a specimen in a tensile test;
FIG. 9 is a microhardness plot of the additive repaired ductile iron casting in the radial direction of the cross section;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing impact toughness of 3 different state samples in impact performance tests.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; b:0.35 parts; mn:1.2 parts; si:1.4 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; n:0.06 parts.
Example 2:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; b:0.25 parts; mn:0.8 parts; si:0.7 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; n:0.12 parts.
Example 3:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; b:0.35 parts; mn:1.2 parts; si:1.4 parts; n:0.12 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; ni:13 parts.
Example 4:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15; cr:17 parts; b:0.25 parts; mn:0.8 parts; si:0.7 parts; n:0.06 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; ni:16 parts.
Example 5:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; b:0.35 parts; mn:1.2 parts; n:0.12 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; si:0.7 parts.
Example 6:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; b:0.25 parts; mn:0.8 parts; n:0.06 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; si:1.4 parts.
Example 7:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; b:0.35 parts; si:1.4 parts; n:0.12 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; mn:0.8 parts.
Example 8:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; b:0.25 parts; si:0.7 parts; n:0.06 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; mn:1.2 parts.
Example 9:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; b:0.35 parts; mn:1.2 parts; si:1.4 parts; n:0.12 parts; fe:61 parts; nb:0.1 part.
Example 10:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; b:0.25 parts; mn:0.8 parts; si:0.7 parts; n:0.06 parts; fe:17 parts; nb:0.2 parts.
Example 11:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; mn:1.2 parts; si:1.4 parts; n:0.12 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; b:0.25 parts.
Example 12:
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; mn:0.8 parts; si:0.7 parts; n:0.06 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; b:0.35 parts.
The preparation method of the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting comprises the following steps:
s01, selecting iron-carbon, iron-chromium, nickel-chromium, ferroboron, iron-manganese, iron-silicon, iron-niobium intermediate alloy according to the elements contained in the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing the ball-milling iron casting and the parts by weight of the elements, and preparing an alloy mixture.
S02, smelting the alloy mixture into alloy liquid with qualified components by using a vacuum induction furnace, injecting the alloy liquid into a tundish of a vacuum atomization powder making device, enabling the alloy liquid to flow out from a bottom of the tundish through a hole, enabling the alloy liquid to be in contact with high-purity nitrogen to be atomized into fine liquid drops when passing through an atomization cladding nozzle of the vacuum atomization powder making device, enabling nitrogen elements to be in solid solution in the liquid drops, and enabling the nitrided liquid drops to be quickly solidified into iron-based alloy powder in an atomization cylinder of the vacuum atomization device (the powder making process can enable the nitrogen content (weight parts) in the powder to reach 0.06-0.12 part).
S03, screening the iron-based alloy powder with a screen mesh of-80-320 meshes to obtain the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron casting.
Preferably, the high purity nitrogen is nitrogen with a purity of not less than 99.999%.
Preferably, the low-phosphorus and low-sulfur intermediate alloy is selected so that the sum of parts by weight of phosphorus and sulfur in the finally prepared special iron-based alloy powder for repairing ball-milling iron castings is not more than 0.03 part.
The ductile iron casting laser additive repairing method comprises the following steps:
the method is applied to the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron castings, and comprises the following steps:
s01, substrate treatment: firstly removing an oxide layer on the surface of a substrate by using a grinder, then placing the substrate into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface, and then placing the substrate into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment; and finally, placing the base material on a circulating water cooling platform, and continuously cooling and radiating the base material.
S02, parameter setting: setting the laser wavelength of 1064-1080 nm, the laser focal length of 200mm, the defocus amount of 25mm and the laser energy density of 38996W/cm of the laser cladding machine 2 The laser scanning speed is 10mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 4.33g/min, the lap joint coefficient is 0.5, the flow rate of the shielding gas is 7.5L/min, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 10L/min, and the shielding gas and the powder feeding gas are high-purity nitrogen.
S03, laser cladding:
the laser cladding machine comprises a laser, a cladding nozzle and a numerical control working platform; firstly, determining a laser scanning track of a laser cladding machine according to the surface defect condition of a substrate; then adjusting the cladding nozzle to move to the position right above the initial position of the scanning track; and then adjusting the distance between the cladding nozzle and the substrate to be 5mm, and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser to be vertically downward.
And adding the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron castings into a laser cladding machine, and adding the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ball-milling iron castings onto the surface of the base material along a laser scanning track by adopting a coaxial lateral powder feeding mode, so as to finish the material adding and repairing of the ductile iron castings.
Preferably, the high purity nitrogen is nitrogen with a purity of not less than 99.999%.
Preferably, in the step S01, the substrate is subjected to continuous cooling and heat dissipation, and the temperature of the substrate is controlled to be between 40 and 300 ℃.
The iron-based alloy powder in the 12 embodiments is used for repairing ball milling iron castings, and after repairing, the additive part and the base material part have good bonding firmness, and the additive part has excellent shaping (ductility), yield strength, tensile strength, shear strength, hardness and impact toughness. The technical effects are proved by combining metallographic structure detection, tensile test, hardness detection, shear strength test and impact performance test.
And (3) metallographic structure detection:
as can be seen visually from fig. 1-2, the microstructure of the ductile iron casting laser additive region is in the form of fine polygonal grains, the grain boundaries are straight, double crystal bands exist, and the ductile iron casting laser additive region is typical of austenite, so that the ductile iron casting laser additive region has good shaping.
As can be seen visually from fig. 3 to 4, graphite spheres with round shapes exist in the bonding area of the laser material adding part (cladding layer) and the base material part (spheroidal graphite cast iron) of the ball-milling cast iron (the graphite spheres scattered and distributed on the right side of fig. 3 are typical structures of ball-milling cast iron), which indicates that the C atoms in the graphite spheres are not precipitated in a large amount in the bonding area and do not destroy the original metallographic structure of the base material. The substrate part and the additive part form a good metallurgical structure, no crack defect exists, and the bonding area of the additive part and the substrate part has an interface which is overlapped with each other, so that the bonding force of the additive part and the substrate part is increased.
Tensile test:
cutting a piece of material only comprising an additive part from the ductile iron casting subjected to laser additive repair in a linear cutting mode, preparing the cut material into a test sample universal for tensile test, mounting the test sample on a WDW-20E material universal testing machine, controlling the tensile speed to be 0.2mm/min, and carrying out static tensile test on the test sample until the test sample is pulled to break.
It can be seen visually from fig. 5-6 that there are more ductile pits at the stretch-break, indicating that the laser additive portion has excellent toughness.
It can be seen visually from fig. 7 that the sample fracture has significant necking and the sample length has significant elongation, indicating that the laser additive portion has excellent ductility.
As can be seen from fig. 8, stress-strain graphs (tensile test is repeated 3 times for 1 sample at a time) are respectively drawn for 3 samples, the tensile strength of 3 samples is 850±45MPa (1.7 times of the tensile strength of the base material portion), the yield strength of 3 samples is above 600MPa (2.4 times of the elongation of the base material portion), and the mechanical properties are excellent.
Microhardness detection:
and defining the ductile iron casting subjected to laser material increase repair as a radial direction along the base body part-transition zone-material increase part, and simultaneously defining the cross sections of a plurality of radial directions as cross sections. Before detection, polishing the cross section of the sample by using sand paper and a polishing machine so as to avoid the influence of the surface roughness of the sample on the measurement of microhardness and ensure the accuracy of a detection result.
Hardness measurement was performed on the radial direction of the cross section of the test piece (ductile iron casting after laser additive repair) using an HVS-1000AV type Vickers microhardness meter. The measurement parameters are as follows: and loading 200g of load and maintaining time for 10s, and sequentially punching 14 hardness test points in the radial direction of the cross section of the sample, wherein the interval between each two points is 200um.
As can be seen visually from fig. 9, the microhardness of the base portion is 186-213HV (average 196.5 HV); the microhardness of the transition zone is 325-402HV (mean 375 HV), the transition zone is the combination zone of the matrix and the additive, and is also a heat affected zone, and the iron element of the additive part and the carbon element diffused out of the matrix part form carbide, so that the hardness of the transition zone is greatly improved; the microhardness of the additive area is 256-314HV (average 278 HV), and the additive area is a melting area of the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ductile iron castings, and has the characteristics of uniform, fine and dense structure, so that the additive area has higher hardness. In conclusion, after the ductile iron castings are subjected to laser material increase repair, the hardness of the transition area and the hardness of the material increase area are higher than those of the matrix part, and the ductile iron castings have excellent repair effects.
Shear strength test:
cutting a piece of material only comprising an additive part and a piece of material only comprising a base material part from the ductile iron casting subjected to laser additive repair in a linear cutting mode, designing and manufacturing two pieces of samples with the same specification by referring to GB/T8642-2002 (thermal spraying-tensile bonding strength). And (3) mounting the sample on a WDW-20E material universal tester, controlling the shearing speed to be 0.2mm/min, and respectively carrying out static shearing tests. The test results show that: the average shear strength of the test specimen produced in the additive portion was 541.5MPa, and the average shear strength of the test specimen produced in the base material portion was 395MPa only. In conclusion, after the ductile iron castings are subjected to laser additive repair, the shearing strength of the additive portion is higher than that of the base material portion, and the ductile iron castings have an excellent repair effect.
Impact performance test:
cutting a piece of material only comprising an additive part and a piece of material only comprising a base material part from the ductile iron casting subjected to laser additive repair in a linear cutting mode, designing and manufacturing four samples (55X 10X 5 mm) with the same specification by referring to GB/T229-2020 (metal material-Charpy pendulum impact test), wherein three samples are made of the material of the additive part, one of the three samples is subjected to AC heat treatment (210 ℃ C. Times.2 h), the second of the three samples is subjected to Ac heat treatment (300 ℃ C. Times.2 h), and the third of the three samples is not subjected to any heat treatment (original state). And respectively performing impact tests on the four samples by adopting a JB-300B semiautomatic impact tester.
As can be seen from FIG. 10, the impact toughness value of the original sample of three samples made of the additive portion material was 42.5J/cm 2 The impact toughness value of the sample after low-temperature tempering at 210 ℃ is 40J/cm 2 The impact toughness value of the sample after low-temperature tempering at 300 ℃ is 42.5J/cm 2 The three specimens had an average impact toughness value of 41.6J/cm 2 . While the impact toughness value of the matrix is only 20J/cm 2 (not shown in the figure), it is known that the impact toughness of the additive portion is not greatly affected by the low-temperature tempering heat treatment.

Claims (5)

1. A ductile iron casting laser material-increasing repairing method is characterized in that: applying special iron-based alloy powder for repairing ductile iron castings;
the iron-based alloy powder special for repairing ductile iron castings comprises the following elements in parts by weight: c:0.15 to 0.3 part; cr: 17-19 parts; ni: 13-16 parts; b:0.25 to 0.35 part; mn:0.8 to 1.2 portions; si:0.7 to 1.4 parts; n: 0.06-0.12 part; nb:0.1 to 0.2 part; fe: 17-61 parts;
the method comprises the following steps:
s01, substrate treatment: firstly removing an oxide layer on the surface of a substrate by using a grinder, then placing the substrate into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface, and then placing the substrate into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment; finally, placing the substrate on a circulating water cooling platform, and continuously cooling and radiating the substrate;
s02, parameter setting: setting the laser wavelength of 1064-1080 nm, the laser focal length of 200mm, the defocus amount of 25mm and the laser energy density of 38996W/cm of the laser cladding machine 2 The laser scanning speed is 10mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 4.33g/min, the lap joint coefficient is 0.5, the flow rate of the shielding gas is 7.5L/min, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 10L/min, and the shielding gas and the powder feeding gas are high-purity nitrogen;
s03, laser cladding:
the laser cladding machine comprises a laser, a cladding nozzle and a numerical control working platform; firstly, determining a laser scanning track of a laser cladding machine according to the surface defect condition of a substrate; then adjusting the cladding nozzle to move to the position right above the initial position of the scanning track; then adjusting the distance between the cladding nozzle and the substrate to be 5mm, and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser to be vertically downward;
and adding the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ductile iron castings into a laser cladding machine, and adding the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ductile iron castings onto the surface of the base material along a laser scanning track by adopting a coaxial lateral powder feeding mode, so that the ductile iron castings are subjected to additive repairing.
2. The method for laser additive repair of ductile iron castings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the components and the parts by weight of the components are as follows: c:0.3 parts; cr:19 parts; ni:16 parts; b:0.35 parts; mn:1.2 parts; si:1.4 parts; nb:0.2 parts; fe:61 parts; n:0.06 parts.
3. The method for laser additive repair of ductile iron castings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the components and the parts by weight of the components are as follows: c:0.15 parts; cr:17 parts; ni:13 parts; b:0.25 parts; mn:0.8 parts; si:0.7 parts; nb:0.1 part; fe:17 parts; n:0.12 parts.
4. A method for laser additive repair of ductile iron castings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for preparing the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing ductile iron castings is as follows:
s01, selecting iron carbon, iron chromium, nickel chromium, ferroboron, iron manganese, iron silicon and iron niobium intermediate alloy according to the weight parts of elements and elements contained in the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ductile iron castings to prepare an alloy mixture; selecting a low-phosphorus low-sulfur intermediate alloy so that the sum of parts by weight of phosphorus and sulfur in the finally prepared special iron-based alloy powder for repairing ductile iron castings is not higher than 0.03 part;
s02, smelting the alloy mixture into alloy liquid with qualified components by using a vacuum induction furnace, injecting the alloy liquid into a tundish of a vacuum atomization powder making device, enabling the alloy liquid to flow out from a bottom of the tundish through a hole, enabling the alloy liquid to contact with high-purity nitrogen to be atomized into fine liquid drops when passing through an atomization cladding nozzle of the vacuum atomization powder making device, enabling nitrogen elements to be dissolved in the liquid drops, and enabling the nitrided liquid drops to be quickly solidified into iron-based alloy powder in an atomization cylinder of the vacuum atomization device; the high-purity nitrogen is nitrogen with the purity not lower than 99.999%;
s03, passing the iron-based alloy powder through a screen mesh with the mesh of-80 to 320 to obtain the special iron-based alloy powder for repairing the ductile iron castings.
5. The method for laser additive repair of ductile iron castings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-purity nitrogen is nitrogen with the purity not lower than 99.999 percent.
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