CN114455912B - 纤维增强水泥构件及制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑结构技术领域,具体涉及纤维增强水泥构件及制造方法,纤维增强水泥构件包括上下平行设置的纤维增强板,两块纤维增强板之间夹设有增强框体,增强框体分别通过连接件与两块纤维增强板固定连接,增强框体中填充有耐火芯层。与现有技术相比,本发明通过纤维增强板、增强框体及防火芯层在各自成型的过程中有机的复合为一体,制备而成的纤维增强水泥构件的各部分连接牢固,增强框体与防火芯之间无明显截面,由此大大减轻了构件受力时内部应力集中,作为面板的纤维增强板通过在纤维增强浆料形成的基体中铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网及嵌设哑铃状加固件,综合性能优越,现场施工简单,便于大规模推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑结构技术领域,具体涉及纤维增强水泥构件及制造方法。
背景技术
随着我国墙材革新与建筑节能的深入开展,保温与结构同寿命的新型结构体系得到了快速发展。目前新建建筑中框架结构、剪力墙结构、框架-剪力墙结构等现浇混凝土结构工程占有较大比重,现浇混凝土施工过程中支模和拆模工序复杂。同时,根据我国建筑节能要求,建筑外墙保温普遍采用粘贴锚固聚苯板的方式,也采取了一些将聚苯板或钢丝网架聚苯板置于外模板内侧进行现浇混凝土的做法,这些保温板或保温外模板材不带有防火功能,需要设置的防火隔离带通常采用现场二次施工安装,所形成的保温墙体都存在着施工复杂繁琐和保温层易开裂、渗水、脱落等质量安全问题,也难以实现建筑保温与结构同寿命,并且现有的水泥构件普遍存在的一个问题是其比较脆,一旦受到外界冲击力的影响,很容易断裂。为了提够水泥构件的耐冲击能力,现有的解决方法是加大水泥构件的厚度,但是这会极大地增加水泥构件的体积,同时其体积的增加也会给施工带来不便。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中提到的问题,本发明的目的在于提供纤维增强水泥构件及其制备方法。
一方面,本发明提供了纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,关键在于:
S1. 将纤维增强浆料浇筑于模具中,抹平后铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网,再浇筑纤维增强浆料浆料,抹平后铺设哑铃状加固件,浇筑纤维增强浆料,制成纤维增强板;
S2. 将纤维增强板与边框模板装配成边框模具,将纤维增强浆料浇筑在边框模具中,形成增强框体;
S3. 待框体初步凝固,撤去内模板,浇筑耐火浆料,形成耐火芯层;
S4. 待耐火芯层常温固化5-8h,整平后,盖上纤维增强板,待构件抗压强度达到标准值的70%后释放预应力,拆外模板并进行适当养护;
其中,所述碳纤维编织网的预处理过程为:经过环氧树脂静渍处理后,铺撒有粒径为0.15- 1.5mm的细沙,待环氧树脂彻底干透后使用。通过对碳纤维编织网进行预处理,极大改善了纤维单丝与混凝土之间的粘结及碳纤维编织网的承载力,提高纤维丝的摩擦粘结力,进而提高了纤维增强板的非线性变形能力、力学性能及裂缝控制能力,基于结构仿生原理,在纤维增强板中嵌设哑铃状加固件,当纤维增强板形成裂缝,可以使加固件的两端与纤维增强板基材形成嵌固,而中间连接部分贯穿裂缝,以达到对纤维增强板的加固,进一步提高力学性能。
优选的,所述纤维增强浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:硅酸盐水泥250-300份、石英砂420-560份、硅粉15-25份、粉煤灰50-70份、减水剂4-9份、PVA短切纤维25-45份、改性植物纤维30-60份、水50-120份。通过控制浆料的水胶比及PVA短切纤维、改性植物纤维的掺杂量,使混凝土基体中乱象分布的短切纤维与长的连续碳纤维束联合作用,使大量的微细裂缝持续出现并稳定的扩展,从而较大程度的吸收能量,避免碳纤维束与混凝土基体脱离。
优选的,所述PVA短切纤维的密度1.3g/cm3,直径0.04mm,长度12mm,细度15dtex,伸长率7%,抗拉强度1620Mpa,弹性模量42.8GPa;
优选的,减水剂优选为改性聚羧酸盐类Sika-III型高效减水剂或UNF-5非引气型萘系高效减水剂。
优选的,所述碳纤维编织网为经纬纤维束平织结构,网格大小为20mm×20mm,所述碳纤维编织网的拉伸强度为4600-4900MPa,拉伸模量为230-240GPa。
优选的,所述改性植物纤维采用以下方法制得:将植物纤维用饱和石灰水浸泡、干燥后制得;植物纤维为粒径<0.5mm的稻壳粉、麦壳粉、稻草粉和秸秆粉中的一种或多种。该方案可以将农业废弃物表面改性后用于增强水泥构件的强度,环境友好。
优选的,所述耐火浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:海泡石80-200份、低钙粉煤灰250-350份、耐火水泥150-190份、珍珠岩粉20-50份、起泡剂3-6份、硅粉8-12份、水50-80份;起泡剂为表面活性剂,优选为阴离子活性剂或非离子活性剂;耐火水泥优选为矾土水泥或铝酸盐水泥。
优选的,所述哑铃状加固件为金属材质。优选为钢材,能显著提升构件的承载力。
优选的,所述哑铃状加固件的盾头为圆形。采用圆形盾头可以进一步提高抗折强度。
一种纤维增强水泥构件,关键在于:采用上述所述的方法制备而成。
优选的,一种纤维增强水泥构件,包括上下平行设置的纤维增强板,两块所述纤维增强板之间夹设有增强框体,所述增强框体中填充有耐火芯层。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,通过纤维增强板、增强框体及防火芯层在各自成型的过程中有机的复合为一体,制备而成的纤维增强水泥构件的各部分连接牢固,增强框体与防火芯之间无明显截面,由此大大减轻了构件受力时内部应力集中,作为面板的纤维增强板通过在纤维增强浆料形成的基体中铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网及嵌设哑铃状加固件,强度性能指标优越,防火芯层保温隔热、抗寒节能效果显著,降低建筑物能耗,现场施工简单,技术要求不高,品质控制易行,可大大提高施工效率,不仅适用于新建建筑物,而且同时适用与既有建筑物节能改造,便于大规模推广应用。
说明书附图
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为哑铃状加固件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行具体描述,在此指出以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述发明内容对本发明做出一些非本质的改进和调整。除特殊说明外,本发明所述份数均为重量份,所述百分比均为质量百分比,所述浓度为质量百分比浓度。
实施例1 纤维增强水泥构件
如图1所示,纤维增强水泥构件,包括上下平行设置的纤维增强板1,两块所述纤维增强板1之间夹设有增强框体2,所述增强框体2中填充有耐火芯层3;所述纤维增强板1包括层叠设置的纤维混凝土层11、碳纤维编织网12、纤维混凝土层11及加固混凝土层13,所述加固混凝土层13中嵌设有哑铃状加固件14。
实施例2 纤维增强水泥构件的制备
S1. 将纤维增强浆料浇筑于模具中,抹平后铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网,再浇筑纤维增强浆料浆料,抹平后铺设哑铃状钢片,浇筑纤维增强浆料,制成纤维增强板;其中,所述纤维增强浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:硅酸盐水泥250份、石英砂420份、硅粉15份、粉煤灰50份、Sika-III型高效减水剂4份、PVA短切纤维25份、改性植物纤维30份、水50份,所述改性植物纤维采用以下方法制得:将植物纤维用饱和石灰水浸泡、干燥后制得;植物纤维为粒径<0.5mm的稻壳粉;所述碳纤维编织网的预处理过程为:将经纬纤维束平织结构,网格大小为20mm× 20mm,拉伸强度为4600MPa,拉伸模量为230GPa的碳纤维编织网,经过环氧树脂静渍处理后,铺撒有粒径为0.15-0.55mm的细沙,待环氧树脂彻底干透后使用;哑铃状钢片的盾头为圆形;
S2.纤维增强板中预埋连接件,将纤维增强板与边框模板装配成边框模具,将纤维增强浆料浇筑在边框模具中,形成增强框体;
S3.注膜30min后,待框体初步凝固,撤去内模板, 在框体中浇筑耐火浆料,形成耐火层;所述耐火浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:海泡石80份,低钙粉煤灰250份,耐火水泥150份,珍珠岩粉20份,阴离子活性剂3份,硅粉8份、水50份;
S4. 待耐火芯层常温固化5h,整平后,盖上纤维增强板,并用木螺钉连接牢固,待构件抗压强度达到标准值的70%后释放预应力,拆外模板并进行适当养护。
实施例3 纤维增强水泥构件的制备
S1. 将纤维增强浆料浇筑于模具中,抹平后铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网,再浇筑纤维增强浆料浆料,抹平后铺设哑铃状钢片,浇筑纤维增强浆料,制成纤维增强板;其中,所述纤维增强浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:硅酸盐水泥300份、石英砂560份、硅粉25份、粉煤灰70份、Sika-III型高效减水剂9份、PVA短切纤维45份、改性植物纤维60份、水120份,所述改性植物纤维采用以下方法制得:将植物纤维用饱和石灰水浸泡、干燥后制得;植物纤维为粒径<0.5mm的麦壳粉;所述碳纤维编织网的预处理过程为:将经纬纤维束平织结构,网格大小为20mm× 20mm,拉伸强度为4800MPa,拉伸模量为235GPa的碳纤维编织网,经过环氧树脂静渍处理后,铺撒有粒径为1.1-1.5mm的细沙,待环氧树脂彻底干透后使用;哑铃状钢片的盾头为圆形;
S2.纤维增强板中预埋连接件,将纤维增强板与边框模板装配成边框模具,将纤维增强浆料浇筑在边框模具中,形成增强框体;
S3.注膜30min后,待框体初步凝固,撤去内模板, 在框体中浇筑耐火浆料,形成耐火层;所述耐火浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:海泡石200份,低钙粉煤灰350份,耐火水泥190份,珍珠岩粉50份,阴离子活性剂6份,硅粉12份、水80份;
S4. 待耐火芯层常温固化5h,整平后,盖上纤维增强板,并用木螺钉连接牢固,待构件抗压强度达到标准值的70%后释放预应力,拆外模板并进行适当养护。
实施例4 纤维增强水泥构件的制备
S1. 将纤维增强浆料浇筑于模具中,抹平后铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网,再浇筑纤维增强浆料浆料,抹平后铺设哑铃状钢片,浇筑纤维增强浆料,制成纤维增强板;其中,所述纤维增强浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:硅酸盐水泥280份、石英砂480份、硅粉22份、粉煤灰65份、UNF-5非引气型萘系高效减水剂6份、PVA短切纤维35份、改性植物纤维56份、水80份,所述改性植物纤维采用以下方法制得:将植物纤维用饱和石灰水浸泡、干燥后制得;植物纤维为粒径<0.5mm的稻草粉;所述碳纤维编织网的预处理过程为:将经纬纤维束平织结构,网格大小为20mm× 20mm,拉伸强度为4900MPa,拉伸模量为240GPa的碳纤维编织网,经过环氧树脂静渍处理后,铺撒有粒径为0.55-1.1 mm的细沙,待环氧树脂彻底干透后使用;哑铃状钢片的盾头为圆形;
S2.纤维增强板中预埋连接件,将纤维增强板与边框模板装配成边框模具,将纤维增强浆料浇筑在边框模具中,形成增强框体;
S3.注膜30min后,待框体初步凝固,撤去内模板, 在框体中浇筑耐火浆料,形成耐火层;所述耐火浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:海泡石200份,低钙粉煤灰350份,耐火水泥190份,珍珠岩粉50份,阴离子活性剂6份,硅粉12份、水80份;
S4. 待耐火芯层常温固化5h,整平后,盖上纤维增强板,并用木螺钉连接牢固,待构件抗压强度达到标准值的70%后释放预应力,拆外模板并进行适当养护。
对比例1水泥构件
制备方法与实施例3相同,不同在于取消增强框体部分,将纤维增强板及防火芯层在框体中一体成型,具体为:预制纤维增强板,将纤维增强浆料浇筑于模具中,抹平后铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网,再浇筑纤维增强浆料浆料,抹平后铺设哑铃状钢片,浇筑纤维增强浆料,抹平后在框体中浇筑耐火浆料,待耐火芯层常温固化5h,整平后,盖上纤维增强板,并用木螺钉连接牢固,待构件抗压强度达到标准值的70%后释放预应力,拆模板并进行适当养护。
对比例2
制备方法与实施例3相同,不同在于碳纤维编织网不经过预处理。
对比例3
制备方法与实施例3相同,不同在于不加入哑铃状加固件。
对比例4
制备方法与实施例3相同,不同在于将哑铃状加固件替换成C型铁丝加固件。
采用实施例3及对比例1-4的方法制备600mmx300mm x600尺寸的试件,脱模后,放置在标准养护室中蒸汽养护(湿度90%以上,温度20±2℃),七天龄期后取出,进行抗冲击性能、抗弯破坏荷载等物理性能测试,测试结果如表1所示:
上表中可以看出,本发明的试件与对比例2的试件相比,抗压强度大幅提升,表明经过预处理的碳纤维编织网在埋入混凝土基体前用环氧树脂浸渍,可以使环氧树脂渗透到碳纤维束内部粗纱之间,凝固后将内部纤维束与砂粒结成一体,改善了纤维束内部纤维丝与混凝土的粘结状况,通过小幅度提高内部纤维丝的摩擦粘结力达到明显提高构件的极限应力的作用;本发明的试件与对比例3-4的试件相比,具有更加优越的抗弯折性能,本发明的试件与对比例1-4的试件相比,抗压强度、抗弯强度等力学性能显著提高,且具有隔声、保温隔热、抗寒节能效果。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (7)
1.纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
S1.将纤维增强浆料浇筑于模具中,抹平后铺设预处理的碳纤维编织网,再浇筑纤维增强浆料,抹平后铺设哑铃状加固件,浇筑纤维增强浆料,制成纤维增强板(1);所述纤维增强浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:硅酸盐水泥250-300份、石英砂420-560份、硅粉15-25份、粉煤灰50-70份、减水剂4-9份、PVA短切纤维25-45份、改性植物纤维30-60份、水50-120份;所述PVA短切纤维的密度1.3g/cm3,直径0.04mm,长度12mm,细度15dtex,伸长率7%,抗拉强度1620Mpa,弹性模量42.8GPa;所述改性植物纤维采用以下方法制得:将植物纤维用饱和石灰水浸泡、干燥后制得;植物纤维为粒径<0.5mm的稻壳粉、麦壳粉、稻草粉和秸秆粉中的一种或多种;
S2.将纤维增强板(1)与边框模板装配成边框模具,将纤维增强浆料浇筑在边框模具中,形成增强框体(2);
S2.待框体初步凝固,撤去内模板,浇筑耐火浆料,形成耐火芯层;
S3.待耐火芯层常温固化5-8h,整平后,盖上纤维增强板(1),待构件抗压强度达到标准值的70%后释放预应力,拆外模板并进行适当养护;
其中,所述碳纤维编织网的预处理过程为:经过环氧树脂静渍处理后,铺撒有粒径为0.15-1.5mm的细沙,待环氧树脂彻底干透后使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳纤维编织网为经纬纤维束平织结构,网格大小为20mm×20mm,所述碳纤维编织网的拉伸强度为4600-4900MPa,拉伸模量为230-240GPa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述耐火浆料包括以下质量份数的组分:海泡石80-200份、低钙粉煤灰250-350份、耐火水泥150-190份、珍珠岩粉20-50份、起泡剂3-6份、硅粉8-12份、水50-80份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述哑铃状加固件为金属材质。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强水泥构件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述哑铃状加固件的盾头为圆形。
6.一种纤维增强水泥构件,其特征在于:采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制备而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的纤维增强水泥构件,其特征在于:包括上下平行设置的纤维增强板(1),两块所述纤维增强板(1)之间夹设有增强框体(2),所述增强框体(2)中填充有耐火芯层(3)。
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