CN1144550A

CN1144550A - Rock bolt

Info

Publication number: CN1144550A
Application number: CN95192281A
Authority: CN
Inventors: G·施盖贝; B·麦考文
Original assignee: Newcastle Hi Tech Coal Co Ltd; DuPont Australia Ltd
Current assignee: Newcastle Hi Tech Coal Co Ltd; Nutrition and Biosciences Australia Pty Ltd
Priority date: 1994-03-25
Filing date: 1995-03-24
Publication date: 1997-03-05
Also published as: EP0749518A1; WO1995026457A1; CA2184586A1; EP0749518A4

Abstract

This invention relates to a rock bolt or roof anchor (1), in particular to a rock bolt or roof anchor for use in an underground mine, or other tunnel. The invention also relates to a method of reinforcing a wall or ceiling in an underground mine or tunnel. In particular, the invention relates to a dowel, for example, a Rima3 dowel or coal rib anchor for use in a coal mine. The rock bolt (1) of one embodiment of the invention comprises: a shaft (2) having one end (5) threaded to receive a nut, the other end being provided with a plurality of surfaces (3, 3a, 3b), each surface extending angularly about and longitudinally of the longitudinal axis of the shaft (2), and converging with respect to the axis towards the one end (5); and a plurality of collars (4, 4a, 4b), each collar (4, 4a, 4b) being associated with a respective one of the surfaces (3, 3a, 3b) and co-operating therewith so that upon relative movement of each collar (4, 4a, 4b) with respect to its associated surface (3, 3a, 3b) toward the other end, each collar (4, 4a, 4b) is caused to radially expand so as to project radially beyond its associated surface (3, 3a, 3b).

Description

Bysmalith

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of bysmalith or top, tunnel anchor, particularly relate to the bysmalith or top, the tunnel anchor that are used in tunnel or other tunnels.The present invention also relates to strengthen the method for tunnel or tunnel-side or end face.Especially the present invention relates to a kind of dowel or rib anchor that is used for the colliery, for example Rima  dowel.

Background technology

The bysmalith that different shape and size are arranged on the market at present also has at present the various tool that bysmalith is installed on the same market.

Purpose of the present invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bysmalith, it has unique flexible fixing device, so that the load of bysmalith head is minimum and/or this device finally can be cut by mining machine.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of strengthening tunnel or tunnel-side or end face.

Of the present invention open

According to first embodiment of the invention, a kind of bysmalith is provided, comprising:

One, the one end has screw thread to cooperate with nut, and the other end has one group of surface, and each surface becomes an oblique angle longitudinal extension with the longitudinal axis of axle, and shrinks along this Y one end; With

One group of collar, each collar are contained in each surface of surface group respectively and go up and be mated, thereby corresponding surface is to the motion of the other end relatively separately along with each collar, and collar radial dilatation is so that radially protrude in outside the corresponding surface.

According to second embodiment of the invention, a kind of method of strengthening tunnel or tunnel-side or end face is provided, comprising:

An end that bysmalith is provided with one group of surface is inserted in the hole of boring on described sidewall or the end face, and this group surface becomes an oblique angle longitudinal extension with the longitudinal axis of described bysmalith, and should shrink by end along Y; With

The nut of screwing on the threaded other end of described bysmalith, thereby the one group of collar radial dilatation that makes each surface with described surface group link and be mated, it is outer and with this bysmalith fix in position therefore radially to protrude in associated surface.

According to third embodiment of the invention, a kind of bysmalith is provided, comprising:

One, there is screw thread to cooperate on the one end with nut, have a surface on the other end at least, this surface longitudinal axis of axle therewith becomes an oblique angle longitudinal extension, and shrinks along this Y one end; With

At least one collar, this collar are contained on this surface and are mated, thus along with this collar along the relative motion of respective surfaces to the other end, this collar radial dilatation radially protrudes in its respective surfaces.

According to four embodiment of the invention, a kind of method of strengthening the sidewall or the end face in tunnel or tunnel is provided, comprising:

An end that bysmalith is had at least a surface is inserted in the hole of being bored on this sidewall or the end face, and this surface becomes an oblique angle longitudinal extension with the longitudinal axis of bysmalith, and shrinks towards described end along this longitudinal axis; With

The nut of on the threaded other end of this bysmalith, screwing on, thus make at least one collar radial dilatation that is contained on this surface and is mated, and the respective surfaces that therefore radially protrudes in it is outer and with this bysmalith fix in position.

A kind of preferred form of bysmalith of the present invention is that it has an elongated main body, and described surface is formed by the frusto-conical portion with the Unitarily molded shaping of main body.

The preferred form of another of bysmalith of the present invention is that each collar all is a ring that splits.These rings of back that insert in the hole clamp bysmalith with closure, and installation back bysmalith can not be rotated.

The another preferred form of bysmalith of the present invention is to have a fin at least, and it allows bysmalith only a direction rotation.

The axle of bysmalith is elongated in general, forms or is made by the metal machine by plastic material is molded.A threaded end also can be molded and be molded on the axle by plastic material.This group surface and the collar also form by plastic material is molded usually, perhaps can be made by the metal machine.

This group surface is molded as the form of one to three conical surface usually, to the end of thread contraction of axle.The length of conical surface or conical surface combination is about 50-230mm, and the preferred length of each conical surface is 50-80mm, is preferably 60-75mm.The diameter range of conical surface is generally 10 to 40mm, and preferably 10 to 30mm, and more preferably 19 to 40mm, is preferably 19 to 26mm.In used in the colliery, the size of conical surface was very important.

These collars can be configured as conical butt, square, hexagon or any other shape.The typical shape of these collars is the ring that conical butt splits.Usually these rings that split are tapers, towards the end of thread contraction of axle.The diameter range of segmented ring is 20 to 40mm, preferably from 26 to 36mm, is preferably 26 to 32mm.

Bysmalith of the present invention can further optionally comprise at least one fin, and it is connected on the axle by any suitable mode.In addition, fin also can with the axle monolithic molding.If two fins are provided, they are arranged to relative along diagonal each other.A lot of fins and axle monolithic molding can be arranged, or be connected on the axle, and with the spaced layout of these fins.The shape of these fins and angle allow bysmalith to rotate in a direction.An example as airfoil can make blade shape with it, and along the direction extension tangent with axle, this is a kind of plane structure, and two straight flanges that intersect are on one point arranged basically.Other distortion of this shape also is fine.

Bysmalith of the present invention also can be included in a series of longitudinal ribs on each conical surface.The length of longitudinal rib changes according to the length of conical surface.Typically the length of longitudinal rib is about 60 to 75mm.Preferably the external surface of longitudinal rib along conical surface uniformly-spaced is provided with.

Bysmalith is made with plastic material, and an advantage is that this bysmalith finally can be pulverized by Mars Miner.It is favourable making bysmalith with glass fiber, will be shredded by Mars Miner at last.

The simple description of accompanying drawing

With reference now to following accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the invention are described:

Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing with bysmalith of conical surface and segmented ring;

Fig. 1 a is the cross-sectional drawing along Ia-Ia line among Fig. 1, shows the collar that splits on the cone;

Fig. 2 is the longitudinal plan that has the bysmalith of conical surface and segmented ring; With

Fig. 3 is the end-view of bysmalith, illustrates a pair of fin.

Implement best mode of the present invention

Bysmalith 1 of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 comprises 2, one groups of surfaces 3 of axle, 3a, 3b and one group of collar 4,4a, 4b.

With reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, axle 2 is by a molded elongated axle of plastics.Have screw thread to cooperate with nut on one end 5 of axle 2, nut is not shown.Screw thread can extend a short distance, the perhaps total length of outrigger shaft 2 by end 5.

One group of surface 3,3a, 3b is near the other end 6 of axle 2.This group surface 3,3a, 3b are three conical surfaces as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.Each conical surface 3 as shown, 3a, 3b shrinks towards the end of thread.Each shown conical surface is a frusto-conical surface.Conical surface 3b further comprises the end 7 with flange, it and the Unitarily molded shaping of conical surface 3b.Flange end 7 slides to the end of thread 5 as the baffle plate of collar 4b to prevent collar 4b.

This group collar 4 shown in Fig. 1 and 1a, 4a, 4b are the rings that splits.Segmented ring 4,4a, 4b are the conical butts that shrinks towards end 6.Segmented ring 4,4a, 4b can be with respect to surface 3 separately, and 3a, 3b freely move.

Fig. 3 is the top view of end 6.Flange end 7 has a pair of fin 8 as shown, 8a, they and flange end 7 monolithic moldings.

For utilizing bysmalith 1 of the present invention, on top, tunnel or colliery wall, bore a hole, will hold in 6 inserting holes.Plate be placed on bysmalith 1 around, nut is screwed on the end of thread 5.When nutting on the end of thread 5, bysmalith 1 is tightened up, and this causes segmented ring 4,4a, and 4b is to end 6 slippages.When segmented ring 4,4a, when 4b slides, thus their radial dilatation pushing hole wall.Like this, segmented ring 4,4a, 4b just radially protrude in conical surface 3,3a, 3b and with the bysmalith fix in position.

If bysmalith 1 of the present invention has integrally formed a pair of fin 8 with it, 8a, with fin 8,8a is arranged as and 5 one-tenth rightabouts of the end of thread.Thereby when nut being screwed on the end of thread 5, fin 8,8a prevents rotation by firmly grasping hole wall.Bysmalith 1 rotation when having prevented from like this on the end of thread 5, to screw on nut.

Industrial usability

Bysmalith of the present invention can easily be applied in the mining industry, especially coal industry field.

Claims

1. a bysmalith comprises:

One, there is screw thread to cooperate on the one end with nut, the other end is provided with one group of surface, and each surface becomes an oblique angle longitudinal extension with the longitudinal axis of axle, and shrinks along this Y one end; With

One group of collar, each collar are contained in surperficial each surface of organizing respectively and go up and be mated, thereby along with each collar moves to the other end with respect to surperficial accordingly separately, collar radial dilatation is so that radially protrude in outside the corresponding surface.

2. bysmalith as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described axle has an elongated main body, and described surface group is by forming with the frusto-conical portion branch of the Unitarily molded shaping of main body.

3. bysmalith as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described surface group is three frusto-conical surface, they shrink towards the threaded end of described axle.

4. bysmalith as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described conical surface length is 50 to 230mm.

5. bysmalith as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described conical surface length is 50 to 80mm.

6. bysmalith as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described conical surface length is 60 to 75mm.

7. as any one described bysmalith in the claim 3 to 6, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 10 to 40mm.

8. bysmalith as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 10 to 30mm.

9. bysmalith as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 19 to 40mm.

10. bysmalith as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 19 to 26mm.

11. as any one described bysmalith in the claim 1 to 10, wherein, each collar all is the ring that splits.

12. bysmalith as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described segmented ring is Frusto-conical segmented ring, shrinks towards this threaded end, and this ring is closed when inserting in the hole clamps this bysmalith, and this bysmalith can not be rotated after installation.

13. as claim 11 or the inspection of 12 described rocks, wherein, the diameter of described segmented ring is 20 to 40mm.

14. as claim 11 or 12 described bysmaliths, wherein, the diameter of described segmented ring is 26 to 36mm.

15. as claim 11 or 12 described bysmaliths, wherein, the diameter of described segmented ring is 26 to 32mm.

16. as any one described bysmalith in the claim 1 to 15, also comprise at least one fin, it allows this bysmalith only a direction rotation.

17. bysmalith as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described fin is a blade shape.

18., further comprise a series of longitudinal rib on this surface group as any one described bysmalith in the claim 1 to 17.

19. bysmalith as claimed in claim 18, wherein, the length of these ribs is 60 to 75mm.

20. a bysmalith comprises:

One, there is screw thread to cooperate at the one end with nut, the other end is provided with a surface at least, and this surface becomes an oblique angle longitudinal extension with this longitudinal axis, shrink towards an end along this longitudinal axis; With

At least one collar, this collar are contained on this surface and are mated, thereby along with this collar moves towards the other end with respect to corresponding surface, this collar radial dilatation is so that radially protrude in outside the corresponding surface.

21. bysmalith as claimed in claim 20, wherein, described axle has an elongated main body, and described surface is by forming with the frusto-conically shaped portion of the Unitarily molded shaping of this main body.

22. as claim 20 or 21 described bysmaliths, wherein, described surface is the conical surface that shrinks towards this threaded end.

23. bysmalith as claimed in claim 22, wherein, the length of described conical surface is 50 to 230mm.

24. bysmalith as claimed in claim 22, wherein, the length of described conical surface is 50 to 80mm.

25. bysmalith as claimed in claim 22, wherein, the length of described conical surface is 60 to 75mm.

26. as any one described bysmalith in the claim 20 to 25, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 10 to 40mm.

27. bysmalith as claimed in claim 26, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 10 to 30mm.

28. bysmalith as claimed in claim 26, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 19 to 40mm.

29. bysmalith as claimed in claim 26, wherein, the diameter of described conical surface is 19 to 26mm.

30. as each described bysmalith in the claim 20 to 29, wherein, the described collar is a ring that splits.

31. bysmalith as claimed in claim 30, wherein, described segmented ring is Frusto-conical segmented ring, shrinks towards this threaded end, should the ring closure clamp this bysmalith when time in the inserting hole, and this bysmalith can not be rotated after installation.

32. as claim 30 or 31 described bysmaliths, wherein, the diameter of described segmented ring is 20 to 40mm.

33. as claim 30 or 31 described bysmaliths, wherein, the diameter of described segmented ring is 26 to 36mm.

34. as claim 32 or 33 described bysmaliths, wherein, the diameter of described segmented ring is 26 to 32mm.

35. as each described bysmalith in the claim 20 to 34, also comprise at least one fin, it allows this bysmalith only a direction rotation.

36. bysmalith as claimed in claim 35, wherein, this fin is a blade shape.

37., further be included in described lip-deep a series of longitudinal rib as each described bysmalith in the claim 20 to 36.

38. bysmalith as claimed in claim 37, wherein, the length of described rib is 60 to 75mm.

39. a method of strengthening tunnel or tunnel-side or end face comprises:

One end of each described bysmalith in the claim 1 to 38 is injected in the hole of being bored on described sidewall or end face; With

One nut is screwed on the threaded other end of this bysmalith, so that be contained in the collar or the collar group radial dilatation that each surface of described surface or described surface group is gone up and is mated, thus radially protrude in outside the corresponding surface, and with this bysmalith fix in position.

40. method as claimed in claim 39 wherein, in the opposite direction rotates one group of fin at a direction described nut of screwing on; Thereby this bysmalith is clamped in described sidewall or the end face.