CN114453977B - Wide-range displacement measuring device and method of visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler - Google Patents
Wide-range displacement measuring device and method of visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453977B CN114453977B CN202210178715.0A CN202210178715A CN114453977B CN 114453977 B CN114453977 B CN 114453977B CN 202210178715 A CN202210178715 A CN 202210178715A CN 114453977 B CN114453977 B CN 114453977B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2428—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring existing positions of tools or workpieces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wide-range displacement measuring device and method of a visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler, wherein the device comprises: the linear variable density stripe ruler is used for measuring the displacement information of the slide rail; the imaging module is arranged and fixed on the sliding rail and used for carrying out continuous imaging and data acquisition on the linear variable density stripes on the stripe ruler and transmitting the acquired information to the processing module; the displacement sliding platform is used for driving the sliding rail to drive the imaging module to do linear motion so as to enable the imaging module to perform linear imaging on the linear variable density stripes; and the processing module is used for controlling the imaging module, processing the imaging stripe information in real time, obtaining a stripe density signal frequency change curve according to the density change rule of the imaging stripe, establishing a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the sliding rail, and further calculating the actual displacement information of the sliding rail. The device and the method are beneficial to improving the measurement efficiency and the measurement precision, and the device is simple and low in implementation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machine vision measurement, and particularly relates to a wide-range displacement measurement device and method of a visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler.
Background
In the machining process of the machine tool, errors exist in the feeding of the machine tool due to friction, tool abrasion and the like, and the machining quality of a workpiece is affected. Therefore, compensating for the machine tool feed error is essential to improve the work processing quality.
At present, in order to improve the machining precision, grating rulers, magnetic grating rulers and ball grating rulers are frequently applied to machine tools. The grating ruler takes an optical glass reticle as a measurement reference, optical glass is arranged in an aluminum alloy ruler body, and accessories such as a reading head form the grating ruler, and the aluminum alloy is in a semi-sealed design. The grating ruler is widely applied, but because the grating ruler is in a semi-sealed design, if water, oil and scrap iron enter in the using process, the grating is possibly damaged, the grating is difficult to process, and the replacement cost is relatively high. The magnetic grid ruler adopts the magnetic tape principle, is low in price and simple to install, but has the problem of demagnetization due to the fact that a reference signal is wide, and the measurement accuracy is affected. The ball grid ruler realizes electromagnetic/magnetoelectric conversion by utilizing the change of the magnetic conductive medium quantity, has higher precision, is not easy to be damaged by the influence of the working environment due to the fully sealed design, but has high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wide-range displacement measuring device and method of a visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a wide range displacement measuring device of a vision scanning linear variable density stripe ruler, comprising:
the linear variable density stripe ruler is used for measuring the actual displacement information of the slide rail;
the imaging module is arranged and fixed on the sliding rail and used for carrying out continuous imaging and data acquisition on the linear variable density stripes on the surface of the linear variable density stripe ruler and transmitting the acquired imaging stripe information to the processing module;
the displacement sliding platform is used for driving the sliding rail to drive the imaging module to do linear motion so as to enable the imaging module to perform linear imaging on the linear variable density stripes; and
the processing module is used for controlling the imaging module, processing the imaging stripe information in real time, obtaining a stripe density signal frequency change curve according to the density change rule of the imaging stripe, establishing a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the slide rail, and further calculating the actual displacement information of the slide rail; the mathematical relation between the stripe frequency and the actual displacement of the sliding rail is as follows:
wherein, deltax(i) Is as followsiThe actual displacement of the slide rail when the linear variable density stripe ruler is collected by frames,Lis the actual length of the linear variable density stripe ruler,f i is as followsiThe frequency at which the frame is imaged with linear variable density fringes,f e is the maximum frequency of the linear variable density fringes,f s the initial frequency of the linear variable density fringes.
Furthermore, the linear variable density stripe ruler is a steel ruler with the surface coated with linear variable density stripes, and the linear variable density stripe ruler is fixedly arranged on the front side of the imaging module along the moving direction of the sliding rail so that the imaging module can acquire imaging stripe information in the moving process along with the sliding rail.
Further, the stripe image density of the linear variable-density stripe ruler is linearly changed along the stripe brightness change direction.
Furthermore, the linear variable density stripe ruler is installed on the displacement sliding platform, and the actual displacement information of the sliding rail is calculated according to the stripe density change rule.
Furthermore, the imaging module mainly comprises an imaging lens, a linear array sensor and a control circuit.
Further, the sampling frame rate and the imaging resolution of the imaging module can be adjusted according to the measurement precision requirement of the displacement sliding platform.
Further, when the imaging module images the linear variable density stripe, the imaging optical axis of the imaging module is perpendicular to the stripe plane, and the imaging range of the imaging module corresponds to the stripe plane.
The invention also provides a wide-range displacement measurement method of the visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: installing a linear variable density stripe ruler on a displacement sliding platform, installing and fixing an imaging module on a sliding rail of the displacement sliding platform, and adjusting the imaging position of the imaging module to align the imaging position with the linear variable density stripe ruler so as to enable the center of a stripe to be in the imaging range of the imaging module;
step S2: when the displacement sliding platform drives the sliding rail to move, the sliding rail drives the imaging module to move, and the imaging module continuously images linear variable density stripes on the surface of the linear variable density stripe ruler;
and step S3: the imaging module transmits the acquired imaging stripe information to the processing module, and the linear variable density stripe is continuously imaged, so that the density of the imaging stripe changes along with the imaging process, the processing module processes the density change rule of the imaging stripe to obtain a stripe density signal frequency change curve, a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the sliding rail are established, and the actual displacement information of the sliding rail is calculated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the imaging module is arranged to move along with the sliding rail, so that the imaging module can continuously image linear variable density stripes on the linear variable density stripe ruler, the density information change rule of the imaging stripes is obtained by processing the information of the imaging stripes in real time, and then a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information of the stripes and the actual displacement of the sliding rail are established, so that the actual displacement of the sliding rail is measured. The measurement method is more rapid and efficient in signal extraction, improves the measurement efficiency, and can further improve the measurement precision by improving the sampling frame rate of the imaging module. In addition, the device structure and stripe design are simpler and less costly to manufacture and maintain. Therefore, the invention has strong practicability and wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a linear variable density stripe ruler 1, a displacement sliding platform 2, an imaging module 3, a processing module 4, a linear variable density stripe 5 and a sliding rail 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure herein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a wide-range displacement measuring device of a visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler, which comprises a linear variable density stripe ruler 1, a displacement sliding platform 2, an imaging module 3 and a processing module 4. The linear variable density stripe ruler 1 is provided with a linear variable density stripe 5 for measuring the actual displacement information of the slide rail. The displacement sliding platform 2 is provided with a movable sliding rail 6, and the displacement sliding platform 2 is used for driving the sliding rail 6 to drive the imaging module 3 to do linear motion, so that the imaging module 3 performs linear imaging on the linear variable density stripes 5. The imaging module 3 is installed and fixed on the slide rail 6, and is used for carrying out continuous imaging and data acquisition on the linear variable density stripes 5 on the surface of the linear variable density stripe ruler 1, and transmitting the acquired imaging stripe information to the processing module 4. The processing module 4 is used for controlling the imaging module 3, including controlling the start-stop and parameter setting of the imaging module; the device is also used for storing and processing imaging stripe information in real time, obtaining a stripe density signal frequency change curve according to the density change rule of the imaging stripe, establishing a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the sliding rail, and calculating the actual displacement information of the sliding rail by corresponding each imaging position to one frequency of the stripe. (ii) a The mathematical relationship between the fringe frequency and the actual displacement of the slide rail is as follows:
wherein, deltax(i) Is as followsiThe actual displacement of the slide rail when the linear variable density stripe ruler is collected by frames,Lis the actual length of the linear variable density stripe ruler,f i is as followsiThe frequency at which the frame images the linear variable density fringes,f e is the maximum frequency of the linear variable density fringes,f s the initial frequency of the linear variable density fringes.
In this embodiment, the linear variable density stripe ruler 1 is a steel ruler with a surface coated with linear variable density stripes, and the linear variable density stripe ruler 1 is fixedly arranged on the front side of the imaging module 3 along the moving direction of the slide rail so that the imaging module 3 collects imaging stripe information in the moving process along with the slide rail 6. The stripe image density of the linear variable density stripe ruler 1 is linearly changed along the stripe brightness change direction. The linear variable density stripe ruler 1 is installed on the displacement sliding platform 2, and the actual displacement information of the sliding rail is calculated according to the stripe density change rule.
In this embodiment, the imaging module 3 mainly includes an imaging lens, a line sensor, and a control circuit. The sampling frame rate and the imaging resolution of the imaging module 3 can be adjusted according to the measurement precision requirement of the displacement sliding platform. When the imaging module 3 images the linear variable density stripe, the imaging optical axis is vertical to the stripe plane, and the imaging range of the imaging module corresponds to the stripe plane.
The embodiment also provides a wide-range displacement measurement method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: the linear variable density stripe ruler 1 is installed on a displacement sliding platform 2, the imaging module 3 is installed and fixed on a sliding rail 6 of the displacement sliding platform 2, and the imaging position of the imaging module 3 is adjusted to be aligned with the linear variable density stripe ruler, so that the center of the stripe is in the imaging range of the imaging module 3.
Step S2: when the displacement sliding platform 2 drives the sliding rail 6 to move, the sliding rail 6 drives the imaging module 3 to move, and the imaging module 3 continuously images the linear variable density stripes 5 on the surface of the linear variable density stripe ruler 1.
And step S3: the imaging module 3 transmits the acquired imaging stripe information to the processing module 4, and because the linear variable density stripe 5 is continuously imaged, the density of the imaging stripe changes along with the imaging process, the processing module 4 processes the imaging stripe to obtain the density change rule of the imaging stripe, so that a stripe density signal frequency change curve is obtained, a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the slide rail are established, and finally the actual displacement information of the slide rail 6 is calculated through related operation. In this way, the actual displacement information of the mechanism fixed to the slide rail 6 can be measured.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention will still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A wide-range displacement measuring method of a visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler is characterized in that a wide-range displacement measuring device is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
the linear variable density stripe ruler is used for measuring the actual displacement information of the slide rail;
the imaging module is arranged and fixed on the sliding rail and used for carrying out continuous imaging and data acquisition on the linear variable density stripes on the surface of the linear variable density stripe ruler and transmitting the acquired imaging stripe information to the processing module;
the displacement sliding platform is used for driving the sliding rail to drive the imaging module to do linear motion so as to enable the imaging module to perform linear imaging on the linear variable density stripes; and
the processing module is used for controlling the imaging module, processing the imaging stripe information in real time, obtaining a stripe density signal frequency change curve according to the density change rule of the imaging stripe, establishing a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the slide rail, and further calculating the actual displacement information of the slide rail; the mathematical relationship between the fringe frequency and the actual displacement of the slide rail is as follows:
wherein, deltax(i) Is a firstiThe actual displacement of the slide rail when the linear variable density stripe ruler is collected by frames,Lis the actual length of the linear variable density stripe ruler,f i is a firstiThe frequency at which the frame images the linear variable density fringes,f e is the maximum frequency of the linear variable density fringes,f s the initial frequency of the linear variable density stripe;
the wide-range displacement measuring method based on the wide-range displacement measuring device comprises the following steps of:
step S1: installing a linear variable density stripe ruler on a displacement sliding platform, installing and fixing an imaging module on a sliding rail of the displacement sliding platform, and adjusting the imaging position of the imaging module to align the imaging position with the linear variable density stripe ruler so as to enable the center of a stripe to be in the imaging range of the imaging module;
step S2: when the displacement sliding platform drives the sliding rail to move, the sliding rail drives the imaging module to move, and the imaging module continuously images linear variable density stripes on the surface of the linear variable density stripe ruler;
and step S3: the imaging module transmits the acquired imaging stripe information to the processing module, and the linear variable density stripe is continuously imaged, so that the density of the imaging stripe can change along with the imaging process, the processing module processes the density change rule of the imaging stripe to obtain a stripe density signal frequency change curve, a mapping relation and a mathematical model between the frequency change information and the actual displacement of the sliding rail are established, and the actual displacement information of the sliding rail is calculated.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the linear variable density strip ruler is a steel ruler coated with linear variable density strips on the surface, and the linear variable density strip ruler is fixedly arranged on the front side of the imaging module along the moving direction of the slide rail so that the imaging module collects the information of the imaging strips during the movement of the imaging module along the slide rail.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fringe image density of the linear variable density fringe ruler is linearly changed along the direction of fringe brightness change.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the linear variable density stripe ruler is mounted on a displacement sliding platform, and the actual displacement information of the slide rail is calculated according to the stripe density variation rule.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the imaging module is mainly composed of an imaging lens, a linear array sensor and a control circuit.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sampling frame rate and the imaging resolution of the imaging module are adjustable according to the measurement accuracy requirement of the displacement sliding platform.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the imaging module images the linear variable density stripe with an imaging optical axis perpendicular to the stripe plane, and an imaging range of the imaging module corresponds to the stripe plane.
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| CN202210178715.0A CN114453977B (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Wide-range displacement measuring device and method of visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler |
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| CN202210178715.0A CN114453977B (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Wide-range displacement measuring device and method of visual scanning linear variable density stripe ruler |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105683815A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2016-06-15 | 卢门科有限责任公司 | Servo system, and encoder |
| WO2018161717A1 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-13 | 福州大学 | Rotation speed measuring device and method employing two sinusoidal variable density fringes |
| CN109341548A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-15 | 福州大学 | Three-dimensional vibrating vision measurement system and method based on variable density striped |
| CN113447670A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-28 | 福州大学 | Rotation speed measuring method and system for monocular linear array visual tracking stripe coding mark |
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- 2022-02-25 CN CN202210178715.0A patent/CN114453977B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105683815A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2016-06-15 | 卢门科有限责任公司 | Servo system, and encoder |
| WO2018161717A1 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-13 | 福州大学 | Rotation speed measuring device and method employing two sinusoidal variable density fringes |
| CN109341548A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-15 | 福州大学 | Three-dimensional vibrating vision measurement system and method based on variable density striped |
| CN113447670A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-28 | 福州大学 | Rotation speed measuring method and system for monocular linear array visual tracking stripe coding mark |
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