CN114447602A

CN114447602A - Multi-frequency fusion base station antenna and communication equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114447602A
Application number: CN202011197056.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏巾槐; 张海伟; 王敏
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-31
Filing date: 2020-10-31
Publication date: 2022-05-06
Also published as: WO2022089376A1

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a multi-frequency fusion base station antenna and communication equipment, wherein the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna comprises a grounding plate and at least one antenna unit; the antenna unit comprises a first antenna and a plurality of second antennas arranged in an array mode, the frequency band of the first antenna is lower than that of the second antennas, and the first antenna is located above one side, away from the grounding plate, of the plane where the second antennas are located; the first antenna comprises a first additional antenna, the first additional antenna comprises four first parts which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction and a second part which is connected between two adjacent first parts, and the height difference exists between the main body part and the first part of the second part relative to the grounding plate, so that the second part is of a three-dimensional structure, two beams of induced currents which are excited on the same second part by two beams of working currents with the same polarization directions in two second antennas with relatively high frequency bands are counteracted, and the radiation energy of the induced currents cannot cause interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antennas.

Description

Multi-frequency fusion base station antenna and communication equipment

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication equipment, in particular to a multi-frequency fusion base station antenna and communication equipment.

Background

In engineering systems such as radio communication, broadcast television, radar, navigation of air and navigation, etc., radio waves are required to transmit information to complete the work of the whole system, and an antenna is a basic device for transmitting or receiving radio waves in the systems.

With the development of 5G communication, more and more frequency bands need to be covered by antennas in communication equipment, for example, most base station antennas merge different frequency bands in 3G, 4G, and 5G, so as to ensure that one base station can receive and transmit wireless signals of different frequency bands. In order to ensure the miniaturization and light weight of the base station antenna, the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna is produced. The multi-frequency fusion base station antenna arranges antenna arrays of different frequency bands on the same antenna opening surface, and because of the space limitation of the antenna opening surface, part of high-frequency antennas are arranged below a low-frequency antenna so as to save the space size of the antenna.

However, in the multi-frequency integrated base station antenna, the energy radiated by the high-frequency antenna easily excites an induced current on the low-frequency antenna, and the induced current is radiated secondarily and is superposed with the energy radiated by the high-frequency antenna, so that the low-frequency antenna causes strong interference to the electromagnetic wave signal of the high-frequency antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides multi-frequency fusion base station antenna and communication equipment, and solves the problem that in a traditional multi-frequency fusion base station antenna, the energy radiated by a high-frequency antenna easily excites an induced current on a low-frequency antenna, the induced current secondarily radiates and is superposed with the energy radiated by the high-frequency antenna, so that the low-frequency antenna causes strong interference to an electromagnetic wave signal of the high-frequency antenna.

The embodiment of the application provides a multi-frequency fusion base station antenna, which comprises a grounding plate and at least one antenna unit;

the antenna unit comprises a first antenna and a plurality of second antennas arranged in an array mode, the frequency band of the first antenna is lower than that of the second antennas, and the first antenna is located above one side, away from the grounding plate, of the plane where the second antennas are located;

the first antenna comprises a first additional antenna and four first sub-antennas, wherein a connecting line between two first sub-antennas is intersected with a connecting line between two other first sub-antennas, and the two first sub-antennas and the two other first sub-antennas are respectively used for carrying currents with orthogonal polarization directions; the first additional antenna comprises four first parts which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction and a second part which is connected between two adjacent first parts, the four first sub-antennas are all positioned in an annular space surrounded by the first additional antenna, and each first sub-antenna is respectively coupled with one corresponding first part for feeding; the second part comprises a main body part and connecting parts connected to two ends of the main body part, one end of each connecting part is connected with the first part, and the distance between the main body part and the grounding plate is equal to the distance between the first part and the grounding plate.

In the embodiment of the application, the main body part and the first part of the first additional antenna are set to have a height difference relative to the ground plate, so that the second part formed by the main body part and the connecting part can be in a three-dimensional structure, in the second antenna with a relatively high frequency band, the two working currents with the same polarization directions in the two second antennas excite the two induced currents on the same second part in opposite phase directions, and the two induced currents are offset, so that the induced currents excited by the second antenna on the first additional antenna are effectively reduced or even eliminated, the induced currents excited by the second antenna on the first antenna are further reduced or even eliminated, the bandwidth of the first antenna is ensured, meanwhile, the radiation energy of the induced currents cannot cause interference on the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna, and the decoupling effect of the high-low frequency fusion base station antenna is realized, the radiation performance of the second antenna of the higher frequency band is not affected. Meanwhile, the first additional antennas are arranged around the four first sub-antennas, and each first sub-antenna and the corresponding part of each first additional antenna are subjected to coupling feeding, so that the radiation bandwidth of the first antenna is increased, the first additional antennas form a continuous annular structure, and stable induced current is formed on each first additional antenna through the coupling feeding of each first sub-antenna, so that the radiation performance of the whole first antenna is ensured.

In an optional implementation manner, the antenna unit further includes a fixing base;

the fixing base level sets up the one side top that deviates from the ground plate at the second antenna, and first antenna setting deviates from the one side surface of second antenna at the fixing base.

This application embodiment is through setting up the fixing base above the second antenna to set up a side surface that the fixing base deviates from the second antenna with first antenna, not only improved the steadiness of first antenna in the second antenna top, improved the structural stability of first antenna self moreover, prevent that first antenna from taking place to warp, guarantee that the radiation performance of first antenna is not influenced.

In an optional implementation manner, four bosses are arranged at intervals around a central axis on one side of the fixing seat, which is away from the second antenna, and each boss protrudes in a direction away from the second antenna;

the boss divides a side surface of the fixing seat departing from the second antenna into a first surface and a second surface, the second surface is a top surface of the boss, the four main body parts are respectively arranged on the corresponding second surfaces, the four first sub-antennas and the four first parts are all arranged on the first surfaces, and one end of the connecting part extends to the first surfaces from the second surfaces along the side walls of the boss.

According to the embodiment of the application, the boss is arranged on one side, away from the second antenna, of the fixing seat, the main body of the second part is arranged on the top surface, namely the second surface, of the boss, and therefore the connecting part of the second part can extend to the first surface along the side wall of the boss and is connected with the first part, the connecting part and the main body of the second part are stably arranged on the crossed surface, the stability of the three-dimensional structure formed by the second part is guaranteed, further, the stable offset of induced current excited by the second antenna on the second part is achieved, and the decoupling effect between the first antenna and the second antenna is guaranteed.

In an optional implementation manner, corners of two ends of the side wall of the boss in the thickness direction are both formed into arc chamfers;

the connecting part is configured into an arc-shaped structure matched with the arc chamfer.

The connecting portion of second part is set to be the arc structure to guarantee that the connecting portion coincide with the circular arc chamfer on the boss lateral wall, thereby make the inseparable laminating of this connecting portion at the lateral wall turning of boss, improved the structural stability of connecting portion, avoid connecting portion to take place the ascending drunkenness of orthogonal direction, and then not only ensured the structural stability of three-dimensional second part, guarantee the stability of the induced current of first sub-antenna coupling feed to first additional antenna moreover. Meanwhile, the connecting part is set to be of an arc-shaped structure, so that the bandwidth of the first antenna is further widened, and meanwhile, impedance matching is facilitated.

In an alternative implementation, at least a portion of the main body portion is an arc-shaped structure bending away from the first sub-antenna.

According to the embodiment of the application, at least part of the main body part is arranged to be of the arc-shaped structure which is bent towards the direction far away from the first sub-antenna, so that on one hand, the distance between the main body part and the first sub-antenna is increased, the radiation energy on the first sub-antenna is ensured not to interfere with the working current on the main body part, namely, the first sub-antenna is prevented from being excessively coupled with the first additional antenna, and the electromagnetic wave performance of the first antenna formed by the second additional antenna and the first sub-antenna is ensured to be more stable; on the other hand, the above structure increases the circumference of the first additional antenna, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the first antenna.

In an optional implementation manner, the curvature radius of the arc-shaped structure of the main body portion is equal or unequal everywhere, so that the structural arrangement of the main body portion is simplified, and the manufacturing efficiency of the first additional antenna is improved.

In an optional implementation manner, a first coupling portion extends from the first portion in a direction away from the second antenna, a second coupling portion extends from the first sub-antenna in a direction away from the second antenna, and the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are both arranged to protrude from a plane where the first portion and the first sub-antenna are located;

the first coupling part and the second coupling part are opposite and arranged at intervals, and the first coupling part and the second coupling part are coupled for feeding.

According to the embodiment of the application, the first coupling part and the second coupling part extend towards the direction far away from the second antenna on the first part and the first sub-antenna respectively, the first coupling part and the second coupling part are arranged to protrude out of the plane where the first part and the first sub-antenna are located, and coupling feeding is achieved through the first coupling part and the second coupling part, so that surface-to-surface coupling is achieved between the first part and the first sub-antenna, the coupling area between the first part and the first sub-antenna is increased, the coupling feeding effect between the first additional antenna and the first sub-antenna is improved, and the bandwidth of the first antenna is increased. In addition, the first coupling part and the second coupling part are arranged to protrude out of the plane where the first part and the first sub-antenna are located, so that the coupling area of the first coupling part and the second coupling part is increased, for example, the coupling area of the first coupling part and the second coupling part can be increased only by increasing the extension height of the first coupling part and the second coupling part, and therefore flexible adjustment coupling is achieved, good impedance matching is achieved, and further implementation of a broadband antenna is facilitated.

In an alternative implementation manner, an extension portion is formed on a side of the first sub-antenna facing the first portion, the extension portion extends toward the first portion, and the second coupling portion is connected to the extension portion.

The extension part extending towards the first part is arranged on the first sub-antenna, and the second coupling part is arranged on the extension part, so that the second coupling part is conveniently arranged while the stable coupling of the second coupling part and the first coupling part is ensured, and meanwhile, the structural stability of the second coupling part on the first sub-antenna is improved.

In an optional implementation manner, each of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion includes a plurality of bending portions sequentially arranged along a horizontal direction, and the bending portions of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion opposite to each other are arranged in parallel.

According to the embodiment of the application, the first coupling part and the second coupling part are arranged to comprise the plurality of bending parts, and under the condition that the horizontal extension lengths of the first coupling part and the second coupling part are fixed, the relative areas of the first coupling part and the second coupling part are further increased, so that the coupling areas of the first coupling part and the second coupling part are increased, and the coupling feeding effect between the first additional antenna and the first sub-antenna is further improved.

In an alternative implementation manner, the surfaces of the first coupling part opposite to the second coupling part are all arc-shaped surfaces with the same bending direction.

The surface that first coupling portion and second coupling portion are relative all sets up to the arcwall face that the direction of bending is the same through the first coupling portion, when the coupling area of increase first coupling portion and second coupling portion, has simplified the structure that sets up of first coupling portion and second coupling portion to the preparation efficiency of first antenna has been improved.

In an alternative implementation, each of the first sub-antennas is a loop structure.

This application embodiment sets up to loop configuration through every first sub-antenna with in the first antenna, like this, in the higher second antenna of frequency channel relatively, two bundles of working current excitations that the direction of polarization is the same in two second antennas are just in the same first sub-antenna two bundles of induced-current's of induced-current phase direction just opposite, both take place to offset, thereby the effectual induced-current that eliminates the second antenna excitation on first sub-antenna that reduces even, and then reduce and eliminate the induced-current that the second antenna excitation is on first antenna even, guarantee that the radiant energy of this induced-current can not cause the interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of second antenna self, realize the decoupling zero effect of high low frequency fusion base station antenna, guarantee that the radiant property of the second antenna of higher frequency channel is not influenced.

In an alternative implementation manner, the cross section of each second antenna is a quadrilateral structure, and each first sub-antenna is a circular ring structure or an elliptical ring structure.

In practical application, when the cross section of the second antenna is a quadrilateral structure, the embodiment of the application reduces the induced current value excited by the second antenna on the first sub-antenna by setting the first sub-antenna to be a circular ring structure or an elliptical structure, further ensures that the radiation energy of the induced current cannot interfere with the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna, and ensures that the radiation performance of the second antenna is not interfered.

In an optional implementation manner, in each antenna unit, the number of the second antennas is 4, and the 4 second antennas are arranged in a matrix;

the central axis of the first antenna is coincident with the central axis of a square formed by the 4 second antennas.

The central axis of the first antenna is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the square surrounded by the 4 second antennas, so that the first antenna is located in the central area of the square structure surrounded by the 4 second antennas, and the situation that part of the second antennas are excessively shielded by the first antenna to cause severe coupling is avoided.

In an alternative implementation, a plurality of antenna units are arranged on the ground plate;

the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array.

According to the embodiment of the application, the antenna units are arranged on the grounding plate, so that the radiation intensity of the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna is further improved.

In an optional implementation manner, the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna further includes a plurality of third antennas;

the frequency band of the third antenna is lower than that of the first antenna, the third antenna is positioned above one side, away from the second antenna, of the first antenna, one third antenna is arranged above each 4 antenna units, and the central axis of the third antenna is overlapped with the central axis of a square formed by the 4 antenna units.

The third antenna is arranged above one side, deviating from the second antenna, of the first antenna, the third antenna occupies the size of the level of the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna when three frequencies of the base station antenna are fused, an antenna oscillator of three frequency bands shares one antenna opening face, and miniaturization and light weight of the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna are achieved. In addition, the central axis of the third antenna is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the square formed by the 4 antenna units, so that the third antenna is ensured to be positioned in the central area of the square structure formed by the 4 antenna units, the third antenna is prevented from excessively shielding the first antenna and even the second antenna in the individual antenna units, and the occurrence of serious coupling between high frequency and low frequency is prevented.

The embodiment of the application also provides communication equipment, which comprises a radio frequency circuit and the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna, wherein the radio frequency circuit is electrically connected with the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna.

The embodiment of the application sets up above-mentioned multifrequency fusion base station antenna in communications facilities, when realizing miniaturization and lightweight of base station antenna, reduce and eliminate induced-current of high frequency antenna excitation on the low frequency antenna even, guarantee that the radiant energy of this induced-current can not cause the interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of high frequency antenna self, realize the decoupling zero effect of high low frequency fusion base station antenna, guarantee that the radiation performance of the antenna of higher frequency channel is not influenced by the antenna of lower frequency channel, realize communications facilities to the stable receiving and dispatching of network signal.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency convergence base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is an assembly view of the first antenna and ground plane of fig. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first antenna in fig. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first partial structure at I in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a first schematic illustration of the second portion of FIG. 4;

fig. 7 is an induced current pattern of the second part of fig. 4 excited by an operating current having the same polarization direction in the two second antennas;

fig. 8 is an assembly view of the first antenna and the fixing base in fig. 4;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a second structural view of the second part of FIG. 4;

FIG. 11 is a third schematic structural view of the second portion of FIG. 4;

FIG. 12 is a fourth structural view of the second part of FIG. 4;

FIG. 13 is a fifth structural schematic view of the second portion of FIG. 4;

FIG. 14 is a sixth construction view of the second portion of FIG. 4;

FIG. 15 is a seventh structural schematic view of the second part of FIG. 4;

fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of four first sub-antennas in fig. 4;

fig. 17 is an induced current pattern of the first sub-antenna of fig. 16 excited by an operating current of +45 ° polarization in the two second antennas;

fig. 18 is an induced current pattern of the first sub-antenna of fig. 16 excited by an operating current of-45 ° polarization in two second antennas;

fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of the 4 first sub-antennas in fig. 4;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the 4 first sub-antennas in fig. 4;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the 4 first sub-antennas in fig. 4;

FIG. 22 is a second partial schematic view of FIG. 4 at I;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a third partial structure at I in FIG. 4;

FIG. 24 is a graph of the effect of the 3D vertical coupling in FIG. 4;

fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency convergence base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 26 is an exploded view of FIG. 25;

FIG. 27 is a top view of FIG. 25;

fig. 28 is a graph of the radiation effect of the antenna of fig. 25.

Description of reference numerals:

100-ground plane; 200-a second antenna; 300-a first antenna; a 400-balun structure; 500-a feed line; 600-a fixed seat; 700-a third antenna;

310-a first sub-antenna; 320-a first additional antenna; 610-boss; 620 — a first surface; 630-a second surface;

311-a second coupling part; 312-an extension; 321-a first portion; 322-a second portion;

3211-a first coupling part; 3221-a main body portion; 3222-a connecting portion;

3221 a-a first sub body portion; 3221 b-a second sub body portion; 3221 c-a third sub body portion.

Detailed Description

The terminology used in the description of the embodiments section of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the present application only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application.

At present, in order to ensure miniaturization and light weight of a base station antenna, a multi-frequency convergence base station antenna is produced. The multi-frequency integration base station antenna arranges the antenna arrays of different frequency bands on the same antenna aperture surface, in other words, the antennas of different frequency bands share one antenna aperture surface, for example, the antennas of different frequency bands are arranged on the same grounding plate, thereby saving the number of the antenna aperture surfaces of the base station, reducing the total size of the base station antenna, reducing the weight of the base station antenna and the overall cost of the antenna.

Because of the spatial limitation of the antenna aperture, when the multi-frequency integration base station antenna is specifically set up, the antenna of the higher frequency band is arranged below the lower frequency band, for example, a C-frequency band antenna and an H-frequency band antenna are arranged on the ground plate of the multi-frequency integration base station antenna, namely, the C-frequency band antenna and the H-frequency band antenna jointly form a two-frequency integration base station antenna. The C-band antenna is arranged on the surface of one side of the grounding plate in an array mode, and the H-band antenna array is arranged above the side, away from the grounding plate, of the C-band antenna, so that the occupied size of the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna in the horizontal direction is saved.

It should be noted that the C-band antenna refers to an antenna with a radiation or reception frequency of 3300MHz-3800MHz, and the H-band antenna refers to an antenna with a radiation or reception frequency of 1690MHz-2690 MHz.

Ideally, in the two-frequency integrated base station antenna, the C-band antennas arranged in an array radiate or receive electromagnetic wave signals of 3300MHz-3800MHz, and the H-band antennas arranged in an array radiate or receive electromagnetic wave signals of 1690MHz-2690MHz, in other words, in a multi-frequency, e.g., two-frequency integrated base station antenna, the antennas in different frequency bands radiate or receive electromagnetic waves of corresponding frequencies, respectively, without interfering with each other.

However, since the H-band antenna is disposed above the C-band antenna, electromagnetic wave energy radiated by the C-band antenna is coupled to a radiation arm of the H-band antenna, and an induced current is excited on the H-band antenna, and the induced current performs secondary radiation and is superposed with radiation energy of the C-band antenna, that is, the H-band antenna has a "shielding" effect on the C-band antenna, so that the H-band antenna strongly interferes with electromagnetic wave signals of the C-band antenna, for example, a directional diagram of the C-band antenna is distorted, which affects radiation performance of the C-band antenna, for example, gain of the C-band antenna is greatly reduced.

Based on the above analysis, in the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna, the mutual coupling between the low-frequency band antenna and the high-frequency band antenna is severe, so that the low-frequency band antenna causes strong interference to the electromagnetic wave signal of the high-frequency band antenna, thereby seriously affecting the radiation performance of the low-frequency band antenna.

The embodiment of the application provides a multi-frequency fusion base station antenna and a communication device, wherein a main body part and a first part of a first additional antenna in a first antenna are arranged to have a height difference relative to a ground plate, so that a second part formed by the main body part and a connecting part can be in a three-dimensional structure, in a second antenna with a relatively high frequency band, two working currents with the same polarization directions in the two second antennas excite two induced currents on the same second part in opposite phase directions, and the two induced currents are offset, so that the induced currents excited by the second antenna on the first additional antenna are effectively reduced or even eliminated, the induced currents excited by the second antenna on the first antenna are further reduced or even eliminated, the bandwidth of the first antenna is ensured, and meanwhile, the radiation energy of the induced currents can not cause interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna, the decoupling effect of the high-frequency and low-frequency integrated base station antenna is achieved, and the radiation performance of the second antenna with a higher frequency band is not affected.

The following describes the structure of the multi-frequency integrated base station antenna and the communication device in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency fusion base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-frequency convergence base station antenna, which includes a ground plane 100 and at least one antenna unit. In practical applications, the ground plate 100 may be a metal plate such as a copper plate that is grounded, and a printed circuit board is integrated on the ground plate 100, and a plurality of wires are led out from the printed circuit board, and a part of the wires are led out to each antenna unit as the feeder 500 to feed the antenna in the antenna unit.

Referring to fig. 1, each antenna unit includes a first antenna 300 and a plurality of second antennas 200 arranged in an array, a frequency band of the first antenna 300 is lower than a frequency band of the second antennas 200, and the first antenna 300 is located above a side of a plane where the plurality of second antennas 200 are located, the side being far away from the ground plate 100.

For example, a plurality of second antennas 200 are arrayed on the ground plane 100, and meanwhile, the printed circuit board on the ground plane 100 is electrically connected to the second antennas 200 to feed the second antennas 200, and horizontal polarization and orthogonal polarization of the operating current on the second antennas 200 are realized. The specific feeding position and feeding manner of the second antenna 200 can be directly referred to the content of the prior art.

In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the second antennas 200 may be 4, 6, 8, or other suitable values, and may be specifically adjusted according to actual needs. For example, 4 second antennas 200 may be disposed on the ground plane 100, and the 4 second antennas 200 may be arranged in a matrix to make reasonable use of the space in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the ground plane 100.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1, and fig. 3 is an assembly view of the first antenna and ground plane of fig. 1. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the first antenna 300 of the embodiment of the present application is disposed above a side of the plane of the second antenna 200 facing away from the ground plane 100, for example, the second antenna 200 is located between the first antenna 300 and the ground plane 100, and the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200 are disposed at an interval.

Referring to fig. 2, in some examples, when the number of the second antennas 200 in each antenna unit is 4, and the 4 second antennas 200 are arranged in a matrix, the central axis of the first antenna 300 may coincide with the central axis of a square surrounded by the 4 second antennas 200, so as to ensure that the first antenna 300 is located in the central area of the square structure surrounded by the 4 second antennas 200, thereby avoiding that a part of the second antennas 200 is excessively shielded by the first antenna 300 and is severely coupled.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first antenna in fig. 3. Referring to fig. 4, the first antenna 300 includes four first sub-antennas 310, wherein a connection line between two first sub-antennas 310 intersects with a connection line between two other first sub-antennas 310, and the two first sub-antennas 310 and the two other first sub-antennas 310 are respectively configured to carry currents with orthogonal polarization directions.

Illustratively, four first sub-antennas 310 are arranged in a matrix on a plane parallel to the ground plane 100, such that midpoints of the four first sub-antennas 310 are sequentially connected to form a square structure, two first sub-antennas 310 located on one diagonal of the square structure are used for carrying currents with the same polarization direction, two first sub-antennas 310 located on the other diagonal of the square structure are used for carrying currents with the same polarization direction, and polarization directions of the currents on the first sub-antennas 310 located on the two diagonals are orthogonal. For example, two first sub-antennas 310 on one diagonal are used to carry +45 ° polarized current, and two first sub-antennas 310 on the other diagonal are used to carry-45 ° polarized current.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in a specific arrangement, a balun structure 400 may be vertically disposed on the ground plate 100, wherein a bottom end of the balun structure 400 is fixed on the ground plate 100, and a top end of the balun structure 400 extends to a plane where the first antenna 300 is located and is electrically connected to the four first sub-antennas 310. Two feeder lines 500 led out from the printed circuit board couple current signals to the balun structure 400, and the top end of the balun structure 400 is electrically connected to the 4 first sub-antennas 310, so that the current signals on the balun structure 400 are fed to the 4 first sub-antennas 310, and the feeding of the 4 first sub-antennas 310 is realized.

In practical applications, the balun structure 400 includes two parts arranged in a crossing manner, wherein one of the feeding lines 500 is used for feeding an operating current with a polarization direction of +45 ° to one of the parts, and the other feeding line 500 is used for feeding an operating current with a polarization direction of-45 ° to the other part. Wherein, one top end of the part of the balun structure 400 is electrically connected to the two first sub-antennas 310 on one diagonal, so as to feed the operating current with the polarization direction of +45 ° to the two first sub-antennas 310, and the other top end of the part of the balun structure 400 is electrically connected to the two first sub-antennas 310 on the other diagonal, so as to feed the operating current with the polarization direction of-45 ° to the two first sub-antennas 310, so as to realize that, of the four first sub-antennas 310, the two first sub-antennas 310 on one diagonal are orthogonal to the polarization direction of the current on the two first sub-antennas 310 on the other diagonal.

As shown in fig. 4, the first antenna 300 of the embodiment of the present application may further include a first additional antenna 320. The first additional antenna 320 includes four first portions 321 and four second portions 322, the four first portions 321 are sequentially arranged along a circumferential direction, two adjacent first portions 321 are connected by the second portions 322, that is, adjacent ends of the four first portions 321 are connected by the second portions 322, so that the first additional antenna 320 forms a continuous loop structure, and the four first sub-antennas 310 are all located in an annular space surrounded by the first additional antenna 320, in other words, the four first portions 321 and the four second portions 322 of the first additional antenna 320 are circumferentially arranged around the peripheries of all the first sub-antennas 310.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a first partial structure at I in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 4 and 5, each of the first sub-antennas 310 is coupled to a corresponding one of the first portions 321, for example, four first sub-antennas 310 are coupled to respective adjacent first portions 321, so that an induced current is generated on the first additional antenna 320, and an electromagnetic wave signal with a certain bandwidth is radiated.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 4, since each of the first sub-antennas 310 is coupled to one of the first portions 321, induced currents having the same polarization direction as the corresponding first sub-antenna 310 are generated in the four first portions 321. For example, the induced currents of the two first portions 321 coupled to the two first sub-antennas 310 having a polarization direction of +45 ° have a polarization direction of +45 °, and the induced currents of the two other first portions 321 coupled to the two other first sub-antennas 310 having a polarization direction of-45 ° have a polarization direction of-45 °, so that the +45 ° polarization and the-45 ° polarization of the induced currents on the first additional antenna 320 are achieved.

Based on the above, two first sub-antennas 310 with a polarization direction of +45 ° are located on one diagonal line of the square enclosed by the four first sub-antennas 310, and the other two first sub-antennas 310 with a polarization direction of-45 ° are located on the other diagonal line of the square enclosed by the four first sub-antennas 310, then on the first additional antenna 320, the polarization direction of the two first portions 321 with one diagonal line is +45 °, and the polarization direction of the two first portions 321 with the other diagonal line is-45 °.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first additional antenna 320 is wound around the four first sub-antennas 310, and each first sub-antenna 310 and a corresponding portion of the first additional antenna 320 are coupled and fed, so that the radiation bandwidth of the first antenna 300 is increased.

In addition, the first additional antenna 320 is formed in a continuous loop structure, so that a stable induced current is formed on the first additional antenna 320 by the coupled feeding of each first sub-antenna 310, thereby ensuring the radiation performance of the entire first antenna 300.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a first structure of the second part of fig. 4. Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, for example, when the second part 322 of the first additional antenna 320 is specifically disposed, the second part 322 may include a body portion 3221 and a connection portion 3222 connected to two ends of the body portion 3221, wherein one end of the connection portion 3222 is connected to the first part 321, and a distance between the body portion 3221 and the ground plate 100 is not equal to a distance between the first part 321 and the ground plate 100, that is, there is a height difference between the body portion 3221 and the first part 321 with respect to the ground plate 100, so that the body portion 3221 and the connection portion 3222 connected to two ends thereof form a three-dimensional structure, that is, the second part 322 of the first additional antenna 320 is in a three-dimensional structure.

It should be noted that, for convenience of description, in the embodiments of the present application, the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 are both regarded as a planar structure, that is, the thicknesses of the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 are omitted. The distance between the body 3221 and the ground plate 100 is a vertical distance between a plane of the body 3221 and a plane of the ground plate 100, and similarly, the distance between the first portion 321 and the ground plate 100 is a vertical distance between a plane of the first portion 321 and a plane of the ground plate 100, so that, with the ground plate 100 as a reference, a height difference exists between the plane of the body 3221 and the plane of the first portion 321, and the connecting portions 3222 connected to two ends of the body 3221 extend from the plane of the body 3221 to the plane of the first portion 321, so that the second portion 322 formed by the body 3221 and the connecting portions 3222 has a three-dimensional structure.

Referring to fig. 3, taking the ground plate 100 as an example of being located on an x-y plane, the main body portion 3221 is located on a first plane above the x-y plane, the first portion 321 is located on a second plane above the x-y plane, and the second plane is lower than the first plane, and the connecting portion 3222 extends from the first plane to the second plane along a z direction, so that the second portion 322 formed by the main body portion 3221 and the connecting portion 3222 is formed into a three-dimensional structure (as shown in fig. 6). Meanwhile, since the connection portion 3222 extends from a high first plane to a low second plane along the z direction, the second portion 322 protrudes from the plane of the first portion 321 to a direction away from the ground plate 100.

Of course, in some examples, the main body 3221 may be located on a first plane lower than a second plane of the first portion 321, and the connecting portion 3222 extends from the first plane to a second plane higher than the first plane (not shown), so that the second portion 322 formed by the main body 3221 and the connecting portion 3222 is also formed in a three-dimensional structure, and the second portion 322 is recessed from the plane of the first portion 321 to a direction approaching the ground plate 100.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first sub-antenna 310 and the first portion 321 are located on the same plane.

Fig. 7 is an induced current pattern of the second part of fig. 4 excited by an operating current having the same polarization direction in the two second antennas. Referring to fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present application, since the first additional antenna 320 is disposed above the plane where the plurality of second antennas 200 are located, this causes the plurality of second antennas 200, when radiating electromagnetic wave energy, to excite induced currents in the first additional antenna 320 above it, since the four second portions 322 of the first additional antenna 320 are all three-dimensional structures, two operating currents with the same polarization direction on the two second antennas 200 are excited to each second portion 322, the two induced currents (e and f in fig. 7) have opposite phases, so that the two induced currents with the same polarization direction excited by the electromagnetic wave energy to the second part 322 cancel each other, and further, the value of the induced current excited by the second antenna 200 to the first antenna 300 is reduced, and the decoupling effect between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200 is realized.

For example, the phases of the two induced currents excited to any one of the second portions 322 by the +45 ° polarized operating currents on the two second antennas 200 are opposite, so that the two induced currents excited to the second portions 322 by the two +45 ° polarized operating currents cancel each other. Similarly, the phases of the two induced currents excited to any one of the second portions 322 by the operating currents polarized at-45 ° on the two second antennas 200 are opposite, so that the two induced currents excited to the second portions 322 by the operating currents polarized at-45 ° cancel each other.

It can be understood that, if the distance between any two second antennas 200 and one of the second portions 322 is equal, the induced currents excited to the second portion 322 by the two operating currents with the same polarization directions on the two second antennas 200 are equal, and the induced currents excited to the second portion 322 by the two operating currents with the same polarization directions are completely cancelled; if the distance between any two second antennas 200 and one of the second portions 322 is not equal, the induced current values excited to the second portion 322 by the two working currents with the same polarization direction on the two second antennas 200 are not equal, and the induced currents excited to the second portion 322 by the two working currents with the same polarization direction on the two second antennas 200 can be partially cancelled, so that the total induced current value excited to the first antenna 300 by the multiple second antennas 200 is weakened, and the radiation energy of the induced currents cannot cause large interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antennas 200.

In the embodiment of the present application, the body portion 3221 and the first portion 321 of the second portion 322 are disposed to have a height difference with respect to the ground plane 100, so that the second portion 322 of the first additional antenna 320 has a three-dimensional structure, in this way, in the second antenna 200 with a relatively high frequency band, the two working currents with the same polarization direction in the two second antennas 200 excite the two induced currents on the same second portion 322 with opposite phase directions, and the two induced currents cancel each other, thereby effectively reducing or even eliminating the induced current excited by the second antenna 200 on the first additional antenna 320, further reducing or even eliminating the induced current excited by the second antenna 200 on the first antenna 300, therefore, while the bandwidth of the first antenna 300 is ensured, the radiation energy of the induced current is ensured not to interfere with the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna 200, and the decoupling effect of the high-frequency and low-frequency integrated base station antenna is realized.

Fig. 8 is an assembly view of the first antenna and the fixing base in fig. 4, and fig. 9 is a partial structural schematic view of fig. 8. Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present application may further include a fixing base 600, the fixing base 600 is horizontally disposed above a side of the second antenna 200 facing away from the ground plate 100, and the first antenna 300 is disposed on a surface of the fixing base 600 facing away from the second antenna 200. The fixing base 600 of the embodiment of the present application may be an insulating member such as plastic.

Referring to fig. 3 and 8, the fixing base 600 of the embodiment of the present application may be fixed to the top end of the balun 400 to improve the stability of the fixing base 600 above the ground plate 100. It can be understood that the fixing base 600 and the balun 400 can be detachably connected by a clamping connection or a screw connection, so as to facilitate the detachment of the first antenna 300.

During specific assembly, a mounting groove matched with the structural layout of the first antenna 300 can be formed in the fixing base 600, and the first sub-antenna 310 and the first additional antenna 320 of the first antenna 300 are embedded in the corresponding mounting grooves, so that the assembly efficiency between the first antenna 300 and the fixing base 600 is simplified, and meanwhile, the first antenna 300 is convenient to disassemble and assemble.

Of course, the first antenna 300 may be adhered to the fixing base 600. In other examples, the first antenna 300 and the fixing base 600 may be formed by two-color injection molding, so that the first antenna 300 and the fixing base 600 are formed as an integral piece, thereby enhancing the connection strength between the first antenna 300 and the fixing base 600 and preventing the first antenna 300 from coming off the surface of the fixing base 600.

This application embodiment is through setting up fixing base 600 above second antenna 200 to set up a side surface that fixing base 600 deviates from second antenna 200 with first antenna 300, not only improved the steadiness of first antenna 300 in second antenna 200 top, improved the structural stability of first antenna 300 self moreover, prevent that first antenna 300 from taking place to warp, guarantee that first antenna 300's radiation performance is not influenced.

Referring to fig. 8, in order to improve the structural stability of the second portion 322 of the first additional antenna 320, four bosses 610 may be provided at intervals around the central axis on a side of the fixing base 600 facing away from the second antenna 200, and each boss 610 protrudes in a direction away from the second antenna 200.

Referring to fig. 9, for convenience of description, the boss 610 may divide a surface of the fixing base 600 on a side facing away from the second antenna 200 into a first surface 620 and a second surface 630, where the second surface 630 is a top surface of the boss 610, and the first surface 620 is the rest surface of the fixing base 600 on the side facing away from the second antenna 200. The four main body portions 3221 are respectively disposed on the corresponding second surfaces 630, in other words, the four main body portions 3221 are respectively disposed on the top surfaces of the corresponding bosses 610, the four first sub-antennas 310 and the four first portions 321 are all disposed on the first surface 620, and one end of the connecting portion 3222 extends from the second surface 630 to the first surface 620 along the side wall of the boss 610.

As shown in fig. 8, when the boss 610 is specifically disposed, a partial region of a side of the fixing base 600 facing the second antenna 200 may be formed by being recessed toward a side away from the second antenna 200, and the partial region is raised at a side of the fixing base 600 facing away from the second antenna 200, so as to form the boss 610.

In some examples, a protrusion (not shown in the drawings) may be further disposed directly on a side surface of the fixing base 600 facing away from the second antenna 200, and the protrusion serves as a protrusion 610, and a top surface and a side surface of the protrusion are respectively used for fixing the main body portion 3221 and the connecting portion 3222 of the second portion 322.

In the embodiment of the application, the boss 610 is disposed on one side of the fixing seat 600 facing away from the second antenna 200, and the main body 3221 of the second part 322 is disposed on the top surface of the boss 610, that is, the second surface 630, so that the connecting portion 3222 of the second part 322 may extend to the first surface 620 along the side wall of the boss 610 and be connected to the first part 321, so that the connecting portion 3222 of the second part 322 and the main body 3221 are stably disposed on intersecting surfaces, stability of a three-dimensional structure formed by the second part 322 is ensured, stable cancellation of induced current excited by the second antenna 200 on the second part 322 is further achieved, and a decoupling effect between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200 is ensured.

Referring to fig. 9, in practical application, both end corners of the sidewall of the boss 610 in the thickness direction may be formed as circular arc chamfers to facilitate injection molding of the fixing base 600.

It should be noted that, the two end corners of the sidewall of the boss 610 in the thickness direction specifically refer to the connecting corner between the top surface and the side surface of the boss 610 and the connecting corner between the side surface of the boss 610 and the first surface 620.

Referring to fig. 6 and 9, the connecting portion 3222 of the embodiment of the present application is configured to have an arc-shaped structure matching with the arc chamfer, so as to ensure that the connecting portion 3222 matches with the arc chamfer on the sidewall of the boss 610, so that the connecting portion 3222 is tightly attached to the sidewall corner of the boss 610, the structural stability of the connecting portion 3222 is improved, the vertical movement of the connecting portion 3222 is avoided, and further, the structural stability of the solid second portion 322 is ensured, and the stability of the induced current of the first sub-antenna 310 coupled to feed the first additional antenna 320 is ensured.

Specifically, during the setting, the arc chamfer formed at the connecting corner between the top surface and the side surface of the boss 610 is bent in the direction away from the boss 610, and the arc chamfer formed at the connecting corner between the side surface of the boss 610 and the first surface 620 is bent toward the inside of the boss 610.

Referring to fig. 9, based on this, the connecting portion 3222 of the second portion 322 may include two arc structures, one of which is matched with the arc chamfer of the connecting corner between the top surface and the side surface of the boss 610, and the other of which is matched with the arc chamfer of the connecting corner between the side surface of the boss 610 and the first surface 620, so that the whole connecting portion 3222 can be fully attached to the two end corners of the side wall of the boss 610.

Fig. 10 is a second structural view of the second part of fig. 4. Referring to fig. 10, in some examples, the connecting portion 3222 may also be an arc-shaped structure bending in the same direction. For example, the connecting portion 3222 is an arc-shaped structure that is bent toward the direction approaching the boss 610.

Fig. 11 is a third structural view of the second portion of fig. 4, and fig. 12 is a fourth structural view of the second portion of fig. 4. Referring to fig. 11 and 12, in other examples, the connecting portion 3222 is further in a plane bending structure, one end of the connecting portion 3222 is connected to the main portion 3221 on the boss 610, and the other end of the connecting portion 3222 is connected to the first portion 321 on the first surface 620.

For example, the connection portion 3222 includes a vertical portion perpendicular to the first surface 620 and a horizontal portion parallel to the second surface 630, and for example, the connection portion 3222 may further include an inclined portion obliquely disposed on the first surface 620 and a horizontal portion parallel to the second surface 630. The distance between the top end of the inclined portion and the sidewall of the boss 610 is smaller than the distance between the bottom end of the inclined portion and the sidewall of the boss 610.

Fig. 13 is a fifth structural view of the second portion of fig. 4, fig. 14 is a sixth structural view of the second portion of fig. 4, and fig. 15 is a seventh structural view of the second portion of fig. 4. As shown in fig. 13 to 15, at least a portion of the main body portion 3221 of the embodiment of the present application may be configured to be an arc-shaped structure bending away from the first sub-antenna 310.

For example, referring to fig. 13, the main body portion 3221 includes a first sub body portion 3221a, a second sub body portion 3221b and a third sub body portion 3221c connected in sequence, wherein the second sub body portion 3221b is located between the first sub body portion 3221a and the third sub body portion 3221c, one end of the first sub body portion 3221a is connected to the connecting portion 3222, the other end of the first sub body portion 3221a is connected to one end of the second sub body portion 3221b, one end of the third sub body portion 3221c is connected to the other connecting portion 3222, and the other end of the third sub body portion 3221c is connected to the other end of the second sub body portion 3221 b.

As shown in fig. 13 to 15, the second sub-body portion 3221b may be configured to be an arc-shaped structure bending away from the first sub-antenna 310, and the first sub-body portion 3221a and the third sub-body portion 3221c are both linear structures extending from one end of the second sub-body portion 3221b to a direction close to the first sub-antenna 310.

In the embodiment of the present application, at least a portion of the main body portion 3221 is configured to be an arc-shaped structure that is bent in a direction away from the first sub-antenna 310, so that on one hand, a distance between the main body portion 3221 and the first sub-antenna 310 is increased, and it is ensured that the radiation energy on the first sub-antenna 310 does not interfere with the induced current on the main body portion 3221, that is, the first sub-antenna 310 is prevented from being excessively coupled with the first additional antenna 320, and it is ensured that the electromagnetic wave performance of the first antenna 300 formed by the second additional antenna and the first sub-antenna 310 is more stable; on the other hand, the above structure increases the circumference of the first additional antenna 320, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the first antenna 300.

The curvature radius of the arc-shaped structure of the main body portion 3221 is equal or unequal everywhere, so that the structural arrangement of the main body portion 3221 is simplified, and the manufacturing efficiency of the first additional antenna 320 is improved.

For example, the arc-shaped structure of the body portion 3221 is a semicircular structure with a radius of curvature equal everywhere (as shown in fig. 13).

For another example, the arc structure of the main body 3221 may be a semi-elliptical structure with unequal radii of curvature (as shown in fig. 14 and 15). In a specific implementation, as shown in fig. 14, the first sub body 3221a and the third sub body 3221c may be connected to both ends of the major axis of the semi-elliptical structure, respectively, and as shown in fig. 15, the first sub body 3221a and the third sub body 3221c may be connected to both ends of the minor axis of the semi-elliptical structure, respectively.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first additional antenna 320 may be a single piece integrally formed. Specifically, the first sub body portion 3221a, the second sub body portion 3221b and the third sub body portion 3221c of the body portion 3221 are integrally formed as a single piece. Meanwhile, the main body portion 3221 and the connecting portion 3222 of the second portion 322 are also integrally formed as a single piece, so that the structure of the first additional antenna 320 can be simplified, and the radiation performance of the first additional antenna 320 can be ensured.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of four first sub-antennas in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 16, the four first sub-antennas 310 of the embodiment of the present application are all in a loop structure.

Fig. 17 is an induced current pattern of the first sub-antenna of fig. 16 excited by an operating current of +45 ° polarization direction in the two second antennas, and fig. 18 is an induced current pattern of the first sub-antenna of fig. 16 excited by an operating current of-45 ° polarization direction in the two second antennas. Referring to fig. 1, 17 and 18, in the embodiment of the present application, four first sub-antennas 310 are disposed above a plane where the plurality of second antennas 200 are located, so that when the plurality of second antennas 200 radiate electromagnetic wave energy, an induced current is excited on each first sub-antenna 310 above the plurality of second antennas 200, and because the first sub-antennas 310 are in an end-to-end loop structure, two induced currents with the same polarization direction on two second antennas 200 are excited on each first sub-antenna 310, and the phase directions of the two corresponding induced currents are exactly opposite, so that the induced currents excited on the first sub-antennas 310 by the electromagnetic wave energy with the same polarization direction are cancelled, thereby weakening the induced current value excited on the first antenna 300 by the second antenna 200, and achieving a decoupling effect between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200.

For example, referring to fig. 17, the phases of the two induced currents excited to any one of the first sub-antennas 310 by the +45 ° polarized operating currents on the two second antennas 200 are opposite, so that the two induced currents (shown as a and b in fig. 17) excited to the first sub-antenna 310 by the two +45 ° polarized operating currents cancel each other. Similarly, referring to fig. 18, the phases of the two induced currents excited to any one of the first sub-antennas 310 by the operating currents polarized at-45 ° on the two second antennas 200 are opposite, so that the two induced currents (c and d in fig. 18) excited to the first sub-antenna 310 by the operating currents polarized at-45 ° cancel each other.

It can be understood that, if the distance between any two second antennas 200 and one of the first sub-antennas 310 is equal, the induced current values excited to the first sub-antenna 310 by the two operating currents with the same polarization directions on the two second antennas 200 are equal, and the induced currents excited to the first sub-antenna 310 by the two operating currents with the same polarization directions are completely cancelled; if the distance between any two second antennas 200 and one of the first sub-antennas 310 is not equal, the induced current values excited to the first sub-antenna 310 by the two working currents with the same polarization direction on the two second antennas 200 are not equal, and the induced current values excited to the first sub-antenna 310 by the two working currents with the same polarization direction on the two second antennas 200 can be partially cancelled, so that the total induced current value excited to the first antenna 300 by the plurality of second antennas 200 is weakened, the radiation energy of the induced current cannot cause large interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna 200, and the radiation performance of the second antenna 200 is ensured.

Based on the above, in the embodiment of the present application, the first antenna 300 above the second antenna 200 is set to be the annular structure, so that in the second antenna 200 with a relatively high frequency band, two working currents with the same polarization directions in the two second antennas 200 excite the two induced currents of the same first sub-antenna 310 in opposite phase directions, and the two induced currents cancel each other out, so that the induced currents excited by the second antenna 200 on the first sub-antenna 310 are effectively reduced or even eliminated, the induced currents excited by the second antenna 200 on the first antenna 300 are further reduced or even eliminated, it is ensured that the radiation energy of the induced currents does not interfere with the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna 200, the decoupling effect of the high-low frequency integrated base station antenna is achieved, and it is ensured that the radiation performance of the second antenna 200 with a relatively high frequency band is not affected.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of the 4 first sub-antennas in fig. 4, fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the 4 first sub-antennas in fig. 4, and fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the 4 first sub-antennas in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 19 to 21, in practical applications, each of the second antennas 200 has a cross section in a quadrilateral structure, for example, each of the second antennas 200 has a square structure, and in the implementation of the present application, each of the first sub-antennas 310 has a circular ring structure or an elliptical ring structure.

When the cross section of the second antenna 200 is a quadrilateral structure, the first sub-antenna 310 is set to be a circular ring structure or an elliptical structure, so that the first sub-antenna 310 is not easy to sense the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna 200, and the induced current value excited by the second antenna 200 on the first sub-antenna 310 is reduced, thereby further ensuring that the radiation energy of the induced current does not cause interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of the second antenna 200 and ensuring that the radiation performance of the second antenna 200 is not interfered.

As shown in fig. 20, when the first sub-antennas 310 are in an elliptical ring structure, and when the four first sub-antennas 310 are specifically disposed, the end points of the long axes of the first sub-antennas 310 may all face the same position, for example, when the four first sub-antennas 310 are arranged in a matrix, the end points of the long axes of the first sub-antennas 310 all face the center point of the square structure surrounded by the four first sub-antennas 310.

Referring to fig. 21, in some examples, when the first sub-antennas 310 are of an elliptical ring structure, the long axes of the four first sub-antennas 310 may be sequentially connected to form a quadrilateral structure, for example, when the four first sub-antennas 310 are arranged in a matrix, the long axes of the four first sub-antennas 310 may be sequentially connected to form a square structure. The present embodiment does not specifically limit the arrangement manner of the first sub-antenna 310 with four elliptical ring structures.

Referring to fig. 5, when the first portion 321 of the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 perform coupling feeding, the first portion 321 of the first additional antenna 320 may extend a first coupling portion 3211 toward a direction away from the second antenna 200, the first sub-antenna 310 may extend a second coupling portion 311 toward a direction away from the second antenna 200, the first coupling portion 3211 is opposite to the second coupling portion 311 and is disposed at an interval, and the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 perform coupling feeding.

Referring to fig. 5, the first coupling portion 3211 protrudes from a plane of the first portion 321, and the second coupling portion 3211 protrudes from a plane of the first sub-antenna 310.

It should be noted that, referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, in the embodiment of the present application, the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located on the same plane above the ground plate 100, for example, when the ground plate 100 is located on an x-y plane, then the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are both located on a second plane above the x-y plane, and the second plane is parallel to the x-y plane, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 both protrude out of a plane where the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located, that is, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 both protrude out of the second plane, and the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 protrude out to a side away from the ground plate 100.

The first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 may be perpendicular to the second plane, that is, an included angle between the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 and a plane (i.e., the second plane) where the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located is 90 °.

Of course, in other examples, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 extend obliquely upward from a plane (e.g., a second plane) in which the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located, that is, an included angle between the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 and the second plane is an acute angle, for example, the included angle between the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 and the second plane may be 45 °, 60 °, 80 °, or the like.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 extend from the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 in the direction away from the second antenna 200, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 both protrude from the plane where the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located, and coupling feeding is implemented through the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311, so that stereoscopic coupling feeding between the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 is implemented. Compared with the conventional planar coupling mode, the planar coupling is realized between the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 in the embodiment of the present application, and the coupling area between the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 is increased, so that the coupling feeding effect between the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 is improved, and the bandwidth of the first antenna 300 is increased.

In the planar coupling method, the area where the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 face each other is a coupling portion, and the coupling portion is located on the same horizontal plane as the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310, so that the coupling method between the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 is only wire-line coupling, the coupling area is small, and the coupling effect is poor.

In addition, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 are perpendicular to the plane where the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located, so that the coupling area of the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 is increased, for example, only the extension height of the first coupling portion 3211 and the extension height of the second coupling portion 311 need to be increased, so that the coupling area of the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 can be increased, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of coupling, achieving good impedance matching, and further facilitating implementation of a broadband antenna.

As shown in fig. 5, in a specific configuration, an extension 312 may be formed on a side of the first sub-antenna 310 facing the first portion 321, the extension 312 extends toward the first portion 321, and the second coupling portion 311 is connected to the extension 312, so as to ensure stable coupling between the second coupling portion 311 and the first coupling portion 3211. Meanwhile, each first sub-antenna 310 is of an annular structure, and therefore, the extension portion 312 is formed on one side of the first sub-antenna 310 facing the first portion 321, which facilitates the arrangement of the second coupling portion 311, and improves the structural stability of the second coupling portion 311 on the first sub-antenna 310.

As shown in fig. 5, in order to increase the horizontal extension length of the second coupling portion 311, the extension portion 312 may be configured as a fan-shaped structure having a large end and a small end, wherein the small end of the extension portion 312 is connected to the first sub-antenna 310, and the large end of the extension portion 312 is connected to the second coupling portion 311, so that both ends of the second coupling portion 311 in the horizontal direction may extend to both sides of the large end of the extension portion 312, thereby increasing the side surface of the second coupling portion 311, and thus increasing the coupling area of the second coupling portion 311 and the first coupling portion 3211.

Note that, the horizontal direction of the second coupling portion 311 or the first coupling portion 3211 refers to a direction in which the second coupling portion 311 or the first coupling portion 3211 is parallel to the plane of the first sub-antenna 310, and the horizontal extension length of the second coupling portion 311 or the first coupling portion 3211 refers to an extension length of the second coupling portion 311 or the first coupling portion 3211 in the horizontal direction.

As a first optional implementation manner, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 may each include a plurality of bent portions sequentially arranged along a horizontal direction, and the bent portions of the first coupling portion 3211 opposite to the second coupling portion 311 are arranged in parallel.

Fig. 22 is a second partial structural view at I in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 5 and 22, in the embodiment of the present application, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 are configured to include a plurality of bending portions, and when the horizontal extension lengths of the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 are constant, the area of the first coupling portion 3211 opposite to the area of the second coupling portion 311 is further increased, so that the coupling area of the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 is increased, and the coupling feeding effect between the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 is further improved.

In a specific implementation, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 may have three bending portions (as shown in fig. 5) sequentially arranged along a horizontal direction. Taking the first coupling portion 3211 as an example, two bending portions at two ends are bent toward a direction close to the first sub-antenna 310, an included angle between the middle bending portion and the bending portion at any side is an obtuse angle, the structure of the second coupling portion 311 is the same as that of the first coupling portion 3211, and the bending portions of the second coupling portion 311 and the first coupling portion 3211 having the same bending direction are disposed oppositely and in parallel.

In addition, referring to fig. 22, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 may further include four bending portions sequentially arranged along the horizontal direction, and of the four bending portions, two adjacent bending portions are bent in opposite directions, for example, the four bending portions may be bent to form a shape similar to a "W", and the two bending portions located at the outermost ends may be bent in a direction close to the first sub-antenna 310, that is, the opening of the "W" shape faces the first sub-antenna 310.

The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the number and direction of the bending portions of the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311.

Fig. 23 is a schematic view of a third partial structure at I in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 23, as a second alternative implementation manner, the surfaces of the first coupling portion 3211 opposite to the second coupling portion 311 are all arc-shaped surfaces with the same bending direction. For example, the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 are both arc structures that curve in a direction away from the first sub-antenna 310.

In the embodiment of the present application, the surfaces of the first coupling portion 3211 opposite to the second coupling portion 311 are both provided with arc-shaped surfaces having the same bending direction, so that the coupling area between the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 is increased, and the arrangement structure of the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 is simplified, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of the first antenna 300.

In the multi-frequency integrated base station antenna according to the embodiment of the present application, when the ground plate 100 is only provided with the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200, the multi-frequency integrated base station antenna is a two-frequency integrated antenna. The first antenna 300 may be an H-band antenna, and the second antenna 200 may be a C-band antenna.

Fig. 24 is a graph showing the effect of 3D vertical coupling in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 24, when the first antenna 300 of the embodiment of the present application is an H-band antenna, a solid line is a graph of echo damage versus frequency of the H-band antenna (vertical direction coupling) of the embodiment of the present application, and a dotted line is a graph of echo damage versus frequency of a conventional planar coupling. Taking the bandwidth of S11 (return loss) < -13dB as an example, the bandwidth of S11 in a solid line is 800MHz, and the bandwidth of S11 in a dashed line is 300MHz, it can be seen that, in the first antenna 300 according to the embodiment of the present application, the radiation bandwidth is improved compared to the planar coupling structure by performing coupling feeding between the first sub-antenna 310 and the first additional antenna 320 through vertical coupling.

The ground plane 100 of the embodiment of the present application may be provided with a plurality of antenna units, and the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array, so as to further improve the radiation bandwidth and the radiation intensity of the multi-frequency integrated base station antenna.

For example, the number of antenna elements may be 4, 6, or 8, etc. When the number of the antenna units is 4, the 4 antenna units are arranged in a matrix. When the number of the antenna elements is 6, the 6 antenna elements are arranged in a 3 x 2 array.

In addition, the gain of the first antenna 300 having a three-dimensional structure is smoother over the entire frequency band than that of a planar antenna.

Fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-frequency convergence base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 26 is an exploded view of fig. 25. Referring to fig. 25 and fig. 26, the multi-frequency integrated base station antenna according to the embodiment of the present application may further include a plurality of third antennas 700, where a frequency band of the third antennas 700 is lower than a frequency band of the first antenna 300, and the third antennas 700 are located above a side of the first antenna 300 away from the second antenna 200. For example, the first antenna 300, the second antenna 200 and the third antenna 700 are disposed at intervals along a direction orthogonal to the ground plane 100, and the second antenna 200 is located between the first antenna 300 and the third antenna 700.

The structure of the third antenna 700 may be a low-frequency antenna structure in the prior art, for example, the third antenna 700 has a field-shaped structure. In addition, the third antenna 700 may be an L-band antenna.

It should be noted that the L-band antenna refers to an antenna with a radiation or reception frequency of 690MHz-960 MHz.

This application embodiment sets up third antenna 700 through the one side top that deviates from second antenna 200 at first antenna 300, when realizing the three-frequency integration of base station antenna, has practiced thrift third antenna 700 and has taken up the size at the level of multifrequency integration base station antenna, makes the antenna element of three frequency channels antenna face of a mouthful of sharing simultaneously, has realized the miniaturization and the lightweight of multifrequency integration base station antenna.

Fig. 27 is a top view of fig. 25. Referring to fig. 27, in a specific arrangement, a third antenna 700 may be disposed above every 4 antenna units, and a central axis of the third antenna 700 may coincide with a central axis of a square surrounded by the 4 antenna units, so as to ensure that the third antenna 700 is located in a central area of the square structure surrounded by the 4 antenna units, thereby preventing the third antenna 700 from excessively shielding the first antenna 300 and even the second antenna 200 in each of the antenna units, and thus preventing severe coupling between high and low frequencies.

Fig. 28 is a graph of the radiation effect of the antenna of fig. 25. Referring to fig. 28, when the multi-band fusion base station antenna of the embodiment of the present application includes 4 antenna units and a third antenna 700, and the first antenna 300 is an H-band antenna (4), the second antenna 200 is a C-band antenna (16), and the third antenna 700 is an L-band antenna (1), a curve j is an ideal gain-radiation angle directional pattern of the 4 × 4C-band antenna (when tested, a C-band antenna in one column of fig. 25, for example, a directional pattern of the C-band antenna in the second column is taken), at this time, the C-band antenna is not shielded by the H-band antenna, and under the condition of no shielding, the radiation performance of the C-band antenna is excellent.

The k curve is a gain-radiation angle directional diagram of a 4 x 4C frequency band antenna under the shielding of a traditional plane H frequency band antenna, the directional diagram is obviously deteriorated, and a main lobe of the directional diagram is split.

The curve l is a gain-radiation angle directional diagram of the 4 x 4C band antenna under the shielding of the 3D (three-dimensional structure) H band antenna in the embodiment of the present application, the gain improvement of the main lobe is >2dB, the wave width improvement is >30 °, the main lobe depression is effectively repaired, and it is shown that the first antenna 300 of the three-dimensional structure in the multi-frequency fusion base station antenna in the embodiment of the present application has a good decoupling effect on the second antenna 200 below.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application include at least the following three technical points. The first technical point is as follows: the distance between the body portion 3221 of the first additional antenna 320 and the ground plate 100 is not equal to the distance between the first portion 321 and the ground plate 100, so that the second portion 322 of the first additional antenna 320 is formed into a three-dimensional structure, so as to weaken the induced current value excited by the second antenna 200 to the first antenna 300, and achieve the decoupling effect between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200;

the second technical point is as follows: the first portion 321 of the first additional antenna 320 may extend to the direction away from the second antenna 200 to form a first coupling portion 3211, the first sub-antenna 310 may extend to the direction away from the second antenna 200 to form a second coupling portion 311, and the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 are used to implement coupling feeding between the first sub-antenna 310 and the first additional antenna 320, and the first coupling portion 3211 and the second coupling portion 311 both protrude from the plane where the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310 are located, so that stereoscopic coupling feeding between the first additional antenna 320 and the first sub-antenna 310 is implemented, that is, planar coupling is implemented between the first portion 321 and the first sub-antenna 310.

The third technical point is that: the four first sub-antennas 310 are all of an annular structure, so that the induced current value excited by the second antenna 200 to the first antenna 300 is reduced, and the decoupling effect between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 200 is realized.

The above three technical points may exist independently, which does not need to rely on other technical points, for example, the second technical point may be protected as an independent technical feature. For another example, the third technical point may be protected as an exclusive technical feature.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including a radio frequency circuit and the multi-frequency convergence base station antenna in any of the above examples, where the radio frequency circuit is electrically connected to the multi-frequency convergence base station antenna through a feeder line.

Specifically, the radio frequency circuit feeds a signal current to the multi-frequency base station antenna through a feed line, and then the multi-frequency base station antenna emits the signal current outwards in an electromagnetic wave manner, so that signal transmission is completed.

It should be noted that the communication device in the embodiment of the present application may also be a communication base station.

This application embodiment is through setting up above-mentioned multifrequency in communication equipment and fusing base station antenna, when realizing the miniaturization and the lightweight of base station antenna, reduce and even eliminate the induced-current of high frequency antenna excitation on the low frequency antenna, guarantee that the radiant energy of this induced-current can not cause the interference to the electromagnetic wave energy of high frequency antenna self, realize the decoupling zero effect of high low frequency fusion base station antenna, guarantee that the radiation performance of the antenna of higher frequency channel is not influenced by the antenna of lower frequency channel, realize communication equipment to the stable receiving and dispatching of network signal.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, an indirect connection via an intermediary, a connection between two elements, or an interaction between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the embodiments of the application and in the drawings described above, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.

Claims

1. The multi-frequency fusion base station antenna is characterized by comprising a grounding plate and at least one antenna unit;

the first antenna comprises a first additional antenna and four first sub-antennas, wherein a connecting line between two first sub-antennas is intersected with a connecting line between two other first sub-antennas, and the two first sub-antennas and the two other first sub-antennas are respectively used for bearing currents with orthogonal polarization directions; the first additional antenna comprises four first parts which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction and a second part which is connected between two adjacent first parts, the four first sub-antennas are all positioned in an annular space surrounded by the first additional antenna, and each first sub-antenna is respectively coupled with one corresponding first part for feeding; the second part comprises a main body part and connecting parts connected to two ends of the main body part, one end of each connecting part is connected with the first part, and the distance between the main body part and the grounding plate is not equal to the distance between the first part and the grounding plate.

2. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna unit further comprises a fixing base;

the fixing seat is horizontally arranged above one side, departing from the grounding plate, of the second antenna, and the first antenna is arranged on one side surface, departing from the second antenna, of the fixing seat.

3. The multi-frequency-fusion base station antenna according to claim 2, wherein four bosses are provided at intervals around a central axis on a side of the fixing base facing away from the second antenna, and each boss protrudes in a direction away from the second antenna;

the boss will the fixing base deviates from a side surface of second antenna divides into first surface and second surface, the second surface is the top surface of boss, four the main part sets up respectively and is corresponding the second surface, four first sub-antenna and four the first part all sets up the first surface, the one end of connecting portion is followed the second surface is followed the lateral wall of boss extends to the first surface.

4. The multi-frequency convergence base station antenna according to claim 3, wherein corners of both ends of the sidewall of the boss in the thickness direction are formed as circular-arc chamfers;

5. The multi-frequency convergence base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a portion of the main body is an arc-shaped structure curving away from the first sub-antenna.

6. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to claim 5, wherein the curvature radius of the arc-shaped structure of the main body part is equal or unequal everywhere.

7. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first portion extends a first coupling portion in a direction away from the second antenna, the first sub-antenna extends a second coupling portion in a direction away from the second antenna, and the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are both disposed to protrude from a plane where the first portion and the first sub-antenna are located;

8. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to claim 7, wherein an extension portion is formed on a side of the first sub-antenna facing the first portion, the extension portion extends toward the first portion, and the second coupling portion is connected to the extension portion.

9. The multi-frequency-based base station antenna according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion each include a plurality of bending portions sequentially arranged along a horizontal direction, and the bending portions of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are arranged in parallel.

10. The multi-frequency convergence base station antenna according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the surfaces of the first coupling part opposite to the second coupling part are all arc-shaped surfaces with the same bending direction.

11. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each of the first sub-antennas is of a loop structure.

12. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to claim 11, wherein each of the second antennas has a cross section of a quadrilateral structure, and each of the first sub-antennas has a circular ring structure or an elliptical ring structure.

13. The multi-frequency convergence base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein in each of the antenna units, the number of the second antennas is 4, and 4 of the second antennas are arranged in a matrix;

the central axis of the first antenna is coincided with the central axis of a square formed by the surrounding of the 4 second antennas.

14. The multi-frequency convergence base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the ground plane is provided with a plurality of antenna elements;

the antenna units are arranged in an array.

15. The multi-frequency converged base station antenna according to claim 14, wherein the multi-frequency converged base station antenna further comprises a plurality of third antennas;

the frequency band of the third antenna is lower than that of the first antenna, the third antenna is located above one side, far away from the second antenna, of the first antenna, 4 third antennas are arranged above the antenna units, and the central axis of the third antenna coincides with the central axis of a square surrounded by the 4 antenna units.

16. A communication device comprising a radio frequency circuit and the multi-frequency convergence base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the radio frequency circuit is electrically connected to the multi-frequency convergence base station antenna.