CN114447549B - Short millimeter wave high-stop band suppression band-pass filter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter, which belongs to the technical field of design of millimeter waves and terahertz devices and comprises a first rectangular waveguide, a band-pass filter, a transition connection resonant cavity, a high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter and a second rectangular waveguide which are sequentially connected; the band-pass filter is composed of band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches and band-pass filtering resonant cavities which are alternately arranged, and the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter is composed of low-pass filtering narrow-side branches and low-pass filtering wide-side branches which are alternately arranged. The band-pass filter is combined with the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter, so that the low-loss characteristic in the pass band of the band-pass filter is ensured, the out-of-band high-rejection characteristic of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter is considered, the problem of poor rejection of the traditional band-pass filter in a high-frequency band is solved, and the wide stop band range and the low-pass band internal insertion loss are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz device design, and particularly relates to a short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter.
Background
The short millimeter wave is electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 1-3 mm, the frequency is between 100-300 GHz, and the short millimeter wave belongs to the overlapping range of millimeter wave and terahertz, so that the short millimeter wave has the characteristics of two spectrums, and has wide application prospect.
The filter is a typical frequency selection device which is a vital device in modern microwave and millimeter wave communication systems, can effectively inhibit the unwanted signals from passing through, and only the wanted signals smoothly pass through the filter, so the quality of the whole communication system is directly influenced by the performance of the filter. With the nowadays more and more complex electromagnetic environment, higher requirements are put on the performance of the filter. Therefore, much attention needs to be paid to reducing the attenuation of the useful signal in the system, and to efficiently process the desired useful signal while effectively suppressing the strong interference of other unwanted signals to the useful signal when designing the filter.
Although the traditional waveguide cavity filter has low insertion loss in a pass band, due to the high-pass filter property of the rectangular waveguide, the stop band rejection of a high frequency band of the filter cannot be too good no matter how the filter structure is improved, which is limited by the theory of the traditional waveguide band-pass filter and is unrelated to the filter structure. Therefore, the use of conventional waveguide cavity filter structures entails poor high-impedance rejection, which is unacceptable for device designs with broadband requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter, which combines a traditional cavity band-pass filter and a traditional cavity low-pass filter, thereby ensuring low loss in a pass band range and good stop band rejection at high frequency, and having the characteristics of simple structure and low loss.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter is characterized by comprising a first rectangular waveguide, a band-pass filter, a transition connection resonant cavity, a high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter and a second rectangular waveguide which are sequentially connected; the band-pass filter is an N-order cavity band-pass filter, consists of N +1 band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches and N band-pass filtering resonant cavities which are alternately arranged, and is respectively connected with the first rectangular waveguide and the transition connection resonant cavity through the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches; the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter is a 2M + 1-order cavity band-pass filter, is composed of M +1 low-pass filtering narrow-side branches and M low-pass filtering wide-side branches which are alternately arranged, and is respectively connected with the transition connection resonant cavity and the second rectangular waveguide through the low-pass filtering narrow-side branches.
Further, the types of the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide are determined by the working frequency point of the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter.
Further, the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide can be used as an input waveguide or an output waveguide; when the first rectangular waveguide is an input waveguide, the second rectangular waveguide is an output waveguide; when the second rectangular waveguide is an input waveguide, the first rectangular waveguide is an output waveguide.
Furthermore, the transitional connection resonant cavity is designed based on a rectangular waveguide, narrow-edge size widening processing is carried out on one part of the rectangular waveguide connected with the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot, and grooving processing is carried out on one side of the narrow edge of the other part.
Further, the sizes of the M low-pass filtering broadside branches are the same.
Further, the structure size of the band-pass filter is determined by adopting a scattering matrix method, and the specific process is as follows:
s1: determining the order N of the band-pass filter according to the relative bandwidth and technical indexes of the required short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter;
s2: inquiring a low-pass filter prototype table according to the order N of the band-pass filter, and determining the element value g j ,j＝0,1,...,N；
S3: according to the inquired element value g j J =0, 1.. Times.n, determining a corresponding normalized value of the impedance transformer
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, delta is the relative bandwidth of the needed short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter;
s4: normalizing values based on impedance transformer
Adopting a calculation formula:
obtaining the size of the corresponding j +1 th band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch, and optimizing the size through HFSS simulation to ensure that the S of the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch 11 And S 21 The simulation results are all the same as the values of the calculation formula;
s5: determining the size of each band-pass filtering resonant cavity according to the size of each band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot, and optimizing the size through HFSS simulation to enable each band-pass filtering resonant cavity to resonate at a central frequency point;
s6: and optimizing and simulating the sizes of each band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot and each band-pass filtering resonant cavity until the sizes meet the technical index in S1, and finally determining the structural size of the band-pass filter.
Further, a network parameter synthesis method is adopted to determine the structural size of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter, and the specific process is as follows:
s1: determining the order 2M +1 of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter according to the cut-off frequency and technical indexes of the required short millimeter wave high-stop band suppression band-pass filter;
s2: inquiring a low-pass filter prototype table according to the order 2M +1 of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter to determine a transmission matrix;
s3: separating parallel admittance Y from transmission matrix s1 ；
S4: determining the initial size of each branch knot by circularly using the transmission matrix;
s5: and performing optimization simulation on the initial size of each step of branch until the initial size meets the technical index in S1, and finally determining the structural size of the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter.
Further, the technical indexes include in-band return loss, insertion loss, out-of-band rejection degree, cut-off frequency and the like.
Further, the short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter can be split by an E-plane or an H-plane, and thus the chamfer positions and sizes are different.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter, which combines a band-pass filter and a high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter, ensures the low loss characteristic in a pass band of the band-pass filter, simultaneously considers the out-of-band high rejection characteristic of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter, overcomes the problem of poor high-frequency band-stop band rejection of the traditional band-pass filter, realizes the wide stop band range and the low-pass band interpolation loss, and the stop band rejection range can reach an octave;
2. preferably, a specific transition connection resonant cavity is designed, so that an excellent impedance matching effect is achieved between the band-pass filter and the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter;
3. compared with the traditional band-pass filter, on the basis that indexes such as pass band bandwidth, return loss, insertion loss and the like are almost consistent, the stop band range is greatly expanded, the band-pass filter can be applied to the field of millimeter wave and terahertz device design, has the advantages of low loss, simple structure, good consistency and the like, and has good application value in the design of functional circuits such as millimeter wave and terahertz amplifiers, mixers, frequency multipliers, detectors and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a side view of a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of a bandpass filter at a previous stage in the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection bandpass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a band-pass filter of a previous stage in the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the S of the bandpass filter of the previous stage in the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection bandpass filter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention 11 A simulation result graph;
FIG. 7 shows the S of the bandpass filter of the previous stage in the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection bandpass filter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention 21 A simulation result graph;
fig. 8 is a three-dimensional view of a cavity low-pass filter with high and low impedance lines at a later stage in the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a side view of a cavity low-pass filter with high and low impedance lines at a later stage in a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 10 shows S of a high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter at a later stage in a short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention 11 A simulation result graph;
fig. 11 is a diagram of the S of the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter at the later stage in the short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention 21 A simulation result graph;
fig. 12 is a three-dimensional diagram of a transition connection resonant cavity in a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows the S of a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention 11 A simulation result graph;
FIG. 14 shows the S of a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention 21 And (5) a simulation result graph.
The reference numbers in FIG. 1 are as follows:
1: inputting a WR-4.3 waveguide; 2 to 9: band-pass filtering and height-reducing waveguide branches; 10 to 16: a band-pass filtering resonant cavity; 17: the transition is connected with the resonant cavity; 18 to 23: low-pass filtering broadside branches; 24 to 30: low-pass filtering narrow-side branches; 31: the output WR-4.3 waveguide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the present embodiment provides a short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter with a working frequency of 180 to 300GHz and working in TE101 mode, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter comprises an input WR-4.3 waveguide 1, a front stage band pass filter, a transition connection resonant cavity 17, a rear stage high and low impedance line cavity low pass filter and an output WR-4.3 waveguide 31 which are sequentially connected and located on the same straight line; the short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter is subdivided by an E surface.
The input WR-4.3 waveguide 1 and the output WR-4.3 waveguide 31 are each WR-4.3 standard waveguides with a length of 1mm, and have a size of 1.0922 × 0.5461mm.
The band-pass filter is a 7-order cavity band-pass filter, has a structure shown in fig. 4 and 5, and consists of 8 band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches 2-9 and 7 band-pass filtering resonant cavities 10-16 which are alternately arranged, is connected with an input WR-4.3 waveguide 1 through the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches 2, and is connected with a transitional connecting resonant cavity 17 through the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches 9; the chamfer radius of each band-pass filtering resonant cavity 10-16 in the band-pass filter is 0.15mm.
Determining the structure size of the band-pass filter by adopting a scattering matrix method, wherein the specific process is as follows:
s1: determining the order of the band-pass filter to be 7 orders according to the 10% relative bandwidth of the required short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter, the 220-240 GHz pass band frequency, the in-band return loss larger than 20dB and the out-of-band rejection degree larger than 20dB (f <218GHz, f > 242 GHz);
s2: inquiring a low-pass filter prototype table according to the order 7 of the band-pass filter, and determining an element value g j ,j＝0,1,...,7；
S3: according to the inquired element value g j J =0, 1.. 7, determining the corresponding normalized value of the impedance transformer
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, delta is the relative bandwidth of the needed short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter;
s4: normalizing values based on impedance transformer
Adopting a calculation formula:
obtaining the corresponding j +1 th band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch node size, and then optimizing the size through HFSS simulation, so that the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch node S 11 And S 21 The simulation results are all the same as the values of the calculation formula;
s5: determining the size of each band-pass filtering resonant cavity 10-16 according to the size of each band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot 2-9, and optimizing the size through HFSS simulation to enable each band-pass filtering resonant cavity to resonate at a central frequency point;
s6: and optimizing and simulating the sizes of the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches 2-9 and the band-pass filtering resonant cavities 10-16 until the technical indexes in the S1 are met, and finally determining the structural size of the band-pass filter.
The high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter is a 13-order cavity band-pass filter, has a structure shown in fig. 8 and 9, and consists of 7 low-pass filtering narrow-side branches 24-30 and 6 low-pass filtering wide-side branches 18-23 which are alternately arranged, and is connected with the transition connection resonance 17 through the low-pass filtering narrow-side branches 24 and is connected with the output WR-4.3 waveguide 31 through the low-pass filtering narrow-side branches 30; the chamfer radius of each low-pass filtering wide-side branch section 18-23 in the low-pass filter of the high-low impedance line cavity is 0.05mm.
The method for determining the structure size of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter by adopting a network parameter synthesis method comprises the following specific processes:
s1: according to the required cut-off frequency f of 242GHz of the short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter H 220-240 GHz pass band frequency, in-band return loss greater than 20dB, greater than 20dB (f)<218GHz, f is more than 242 GHz), and the order of the low-pass filter of the high-low impedance line cavity is determined to be 13 orders;
s2: inquiring a low-pass filter prototype table according to the order 13 of the low-pass filter of the high-low impedance linear cavity body to determine a transmission matrix;
s3: separating parallel admittance Y from transmission matrix s1 ；
S4: determining the initial size of each branch knot 18-30 by circularly using the transmission matrix;
s5: and performing optimization simulation on the initial size of each step of branch knot 18-30 until the initial size meets the technical index in S1, and finally determining the structural size of the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter.
As shown in fig. 12, the transition connection resonant cavity 17 is designed based on the WR-4.3 standard waveguide, and performs narrow-side size widening of 0.2mm on a half of the connection between the WR-4.3 standard waveguide and the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch 9, and performs chamfering of 0.15mm in radius on a connection between the WR-4.3 standard waveguide and the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch 9; and (3) digging a groove with the depth and width of 0.5mm on one side of the other half of the narrow side connected with the low-pass filtering narrow side branch 24, arranging the groove close to the narrow side size widening treatment part, and chamfering the groove with the radius of 0.02 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the length direction of the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter is taken as the Y axis, the broadside direction of the input WR-4.3 waveguide 1 is taken as the X axis, and the narrow side direction is taken as the Z axis, and the dimensions of each component structure in the short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 size of each constituent structure in short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter
Further, the structures of the band-pass filter, the High-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter and the short millimeter wave High-stop band suppression band-pass filter are respectively established in a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and corresponding simulation results are obtained through simulation calculation, wherein fig. 6 and 7 respectively show S of the band-pass filter 11 Simulation result graph and S 21 Simulation result diagram, fig. 10 and 11 are S of high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter 11 Simulation result graph and S 21 Simulation result graphs, fig. 13 and 14 are S of short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter, respectively 11 Simulation result graph and S 21 And (5) a simulation result graph.
As can be seen from the figure, the band-pass filter has a good pass-band effect at 220-241 GHz, but the suppression degree of the upper side band is not good, when the frequency is greater than 260GHz, the loss of the band-pass filter is gradually reduced to 0, and the pass-band appears again at 276 GHz; when the frequency of the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter is greater than 242GHz, the low-pass filter gradually shows a suppression effect; after the band-pass filter and the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter are combined, the passband range of the short millimeter wave high-stop band suppression band-pass filter obtained in the embodiment is 220-237 GHz, the return loss in the passband is basically greater than 20dB, the insertion loss is less than 0.1dB, the stop band is 180-218 GHz and 247-300 GHz, the return loss is less than 0.1dB, the insertion loss is greater than 20dB, and the loss is higher as the pass band is farther away, which indicates that the short millimeter wave high-stop band suppression band-pass filter has an excellent suppression degree in a high-frequency band.
Where mentioned above are merely embodiments of the invention, any feature disclosed in this specification may, unless stated otherwise, be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (4)
1. A short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter is characterized by comprising a first rectangular waveguide, a band-pass filter, a transition connection resonant cavity, a high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter and a second rectangular waveguide which are sequentially connected; the band-pass filter consists of N +1 band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches and N band-pass filtering resonant cavities which are alternately arranged, and is respectively connected with the first rectangular waveguide and the transitional connecting resonant cavity through the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branches; the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter is composed of M +1 low-pass filtering narrow-side branches and M low-pass filtering wide-side branches which are alternately arranged and is respectively connected with the transition connection resonant cavity and the second rectangular waveguide through the low-pass filtering narrow-side branches; the transition connection resonant cavity is designed based on a rectangular waveguide, narrow-edge size widening treatment is carried out on the part of the rectangular waveguide connected with the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot, and grooving treatment is carried out on one side of the narrow edge of the part of the rectangular waveguide connected with the low-pass filtering narrow-edge branch knot.
2. The short millimeter wave high stop band rejection bandpass filter of claim 1, wherein the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide can both be input waveguides or output waveguides.
3. The short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter according to claim 1, wherein the structural dimensions of the band pass filter are determined by a scattering matrix method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the order N of the band-pass filter according to the relative bandwidth and technical indexes of the required short millimeter wave high-stop band rejection band-pass filter;
s2: inquiring a low-pass filter prototype table according to the order N of the band-pass filter to determine the element value g j ,j＝0,1,...,N；
S3: according to element value g j J =0, 1.. Times.n, determining a corresponding normalized value of the impedance transformer
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, delta is the relative bandwidth of the needed short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band-pass filter;
s4: normalizing values based on impedance transformer
Adopting a calculation formula:
obtaining the size of the corresponding j +1 th band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch, and optimizing the size through HFSS simulation to ensure that the S of the band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch 11 And S 21 The simulation results are all the same as the values of the calculation formula;
s5: determining the size of each band-pass filtering resonant cavity according to the size of each band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot, and optimizing the size through HFSS simulation to enable each band-pass filtering resonant cavity to resonate at a central frequency point;
s6: and optimizing and simulating the sizes of each band-pass filtering height-reducing waveguide branch knot and each band-pass filtering resonant cavity until the technical indexes in the S1 are met, and finally determining the structural size of the band-pass filter.
4. The short millimeter wave high stop band rejection band pass filter of claim 1, wherein a network parameter synthesis method is used to determine the structural dimensions of the high and low impedance line cavity low pass filter, and the specific process is as follows:
s1: determining the order 2M +1 of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter according to the cut-off frequency and technical indexes of the required short millimeter wave high-stop band suppression band-pass filter;
s2: inquiring a low-pass filter prototype table according to the order 2M +1 of the high-low impedance linear cavity low-pass filter to determine a transmission matrix;
s3: separating the parallel admittance Y from the transmission matrix s1 ；
S4: determining the initial size of each branch knot by circularly using the transmission matrix;
s5: and performing optimization simulation on the initial size of each branch until the technical index in the S1 is met, and finally determining the structural size of the high-low impedance line cavity low-pass filter.
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