CN115732875B - S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter - Google Patents
S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an S-band high-power waveguide receiving-blocking harmonic filter, which relates to the field of filter structure design and comprises the following components: generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, group island filter one and group island filter two; the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, the island filter I and the island filter II are cascaded by utilizing impedance changes; the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is used for band-shrinking inhibition; the island filter is used for inhibiting the 2 nd harmonic wave corresponding to the passband; the island filter II is used for inhibiting 3 rd harmonic waves and 4 th harmonic waves corresponding to the pass band; the invention carries out integrated design on the receiving and blocking filter and the harmonic filter, has small in-band insertion loss, higher in receiving and blocking inhibition and harmonic inhibition, and has more compact structure and convenient installation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of filter structure design, in particular to an S-band high-power waveguide receiving-blocking harmonic filter.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
In the unified measurement and control system, on one hand, because the transmitting signal frequency band of the S frequency band is close to the receiving signal frequency band, the transmitting signal is easy to fall into the receiving band; on the other hand, due to the nonlinearity of the S power amplifier, the output end of the power amplifier not only contains the required amplified signal of the S frequency band, but also outputs various subharmonic signals except the fundamental wave; the S transmitting signal affects the S receiving signal, so that the receiving belt is lifted by the bottom noise, and the normal receiving of the signal is affected; the harmonic signals are mainly secondary, tertiary and quaternary signals, are overlapped with the receiving frequency band of C or X, and when the harmonic signals are large, the change of the background noise of the receiving frequency band corresponding to C or X is affected, and the normal receiving of the signals is affected; particularly, with further development of the application mode of the system, if the S frequency band receiving and transmitting frequency is required to be set at will in the system, the limit of the receiving and transmitting rotation direction is canceled, S, C or X frequency bands work simultaneously, and the like, the requirement on receiving and transmitting isolation is higher and higher, so that new requirements are put forward on the performance of the filter; in order to solve the problem of receiving and transmitting isolation, designing a high-performance high-power receiving and blocking harmonic filter is a technical difficulty.
At present, in the traditional unified measurement and control system, in order to solve the problems of S-receiving suppression and harmonic suppression, a receiving-blocking filter and a harmonic filter are respectively designed and used for suppressing a receiving-band signal and a harmonic signal, and the problems of receiving-blocking and harmonic suppression are solved.
This method has the following disadvantages: 1. the indexes of the inhibition and harmonic suppression are not enough: the traditional receiving resistance and harmonic suppression technical index is more than or equal to 60dB, the index is proposed to be adaptive to the modes of the prior system, such as the requirement of receiving and transmitting fixed forwarding ratio, the different rotation directions of receiving and transmitting work, the time-sharing work of each frequency band and the like, and as the current application mode is further released, the receiving and transmitting arbitrary forwarding ratio, the rotation directions of receiving and transmitting work can be set, the simultaneous work of a plurality of frequency bands and the like, and the original receiving resistance and harmonic suppression index cannot meet the requirement of the current working scene; 2. the passband insertion loss is large: because the receiving and blocking filter and the harmonic filter are separately designed, the problem of cascade matching of the two filters is also considered during installation, and the cascade connection of the filters easily causes large passband insertion loss, reduces the EIRP value of the system and influences the system performance; 3. the installation requirement is high: the receiving and blocking filter is a linear waveguide filter loaded by a diaphragm, the size is large and is more than 1 meter, the space required during installation is large, the fixing is also troublesome, and the labor cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the defects of the existing receiving and blocking filter and harmonic filter, the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter is provided, the receiving and blocking filter and the harmonic filter are integrally designed, the band interpolation loss is small, the band rejection and the harmonic rejection are high, the structure is more compact, and the installation is convenient, so that the problems are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter comprising: generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, group island filter one and group island filter two;
the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, the island filter I and the island filter II are cascaded by utilizing impedance changes;
The generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is used for band-shrinking inhibition;
the island filter is used for inhibiting the 2 nd harmonic wave corresponding to the passband;
And the second island filter is used for inhibiting 3 and 4 harmonics corresponding to the pass band.
Further, in order to suppress the higher order mode having the horizontal electric field component, the output waveguide height of the island filter is smaller than the standard BJ22 waveguide height, so the method further comprises: a 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer,
Further comprises: a 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer;
the 1/4 wavelength impedance converter is used for matching the second output end of the island filter with a normal BJ22 waveguide and simultaneously inhibiting a higher order mode with a horizontal electric field component; preferably, to achieve a better effect, a 5-section 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer is used.
Further, 2 CQ structure cross couplings are introduced into the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter; by introducing the cross coupling technology of the waveguide cavity, 2 CQ structures are introduced for cross coupling, compared with a common chebyshev function filter, the number of resonant cavities is reduced from 11 to 9, and the band-receiving suppression requirement of 100dB is realized under the condition that the passband insertion loss is not increased.
Further, the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter has 9 resonant cavities;
wherein, a magnetic cross coupling is introduced between the 2 nd and 4 th resonant cavities and the 6 th and 8 th resonant cavities.
The main technical indexes of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are as follows:
The passband is 2018MHz-2120MHz, the band is 2200MHz-2300MHz, the band rejection requirement is not less than 100dB, the band interpolation loss is not more than 0.4dB, and the standing wave is not more than 1.25; according to the main technical indexes, the node number and the transmission zero point of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are preliminarily determined, the transmission characteristic curve of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is calculated, whether the band-receiving inhibition meets the index requirement is verified through matlab software simulation, the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is 9 nodes, meanwhile, one magnetic cross coupling is respectively introduced between the 2 nd resonant cavity, the 4 th resonant cavity and the 6 th resonant cavity and the 8 th resonant cavity, namely, two CQ structures are adopted, and two transmission zero points are generated at the low-end accessory of the band-receiving;
the method for determining each parameter of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter comprises the following steps:
According to the low-pass prototype filter, design parameters of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are comprehensively obtained, the filter microwave structure is realized, single-cavity simulation is firstly carried out, the size of a resonant cavity and the height of a resonant rod are determined, because the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is used for high-power conditions, in order to enhance the coupling degree, a strong coupling structure of the resonant rod and a boss is adopted when the resonant cavities are directly coupled, a coupling structure of the resonant rod is adopted between two magnetic cross couplings, a direct coupling mode is adopted for taps of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, full-cavity simulation is carried out, relevant parameters are adjusted, and finally, all parameters of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are determined.
Further, the first island filter and the second island filter are designed into an integral number of islands in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction; wherein:
the first island filter adopts a island structure design of 5 sections in the transverse direction and 6 sections in the longitudinal direction;
the second island filter adopts a island structure design of 5 sections in the transverse direction and 10 sections in the longitudinal direction.
Further, the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter is designed by adopting aluminum materials as base materials; meanwhile, mainly in order to increase the power resistance of the filter, silver plating treatment is carried out on the surface of the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter, chamfering treatment is adopted on the edges of an inner resonant cavity, a tuning screw, islands and the like of the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter, so that local sparking phenomenon under a high-power condition is avoided, and the power capacity of the filter is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. An S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter has excellent index performance; the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter with two CQ structures in cross coupling is designed in the receiving and suppressing part, the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is provided with 9 resonant cavities, and two transmission zero points are formed in the receiving band, so that the receiving band suppressing actual measurement index is more than 100dB, and compared with the previous 60dB, the receiving band suppressing actual measurement index is improved by 40 dB; the design of the harmonic suppression part adopts a mode of cascading two multi-section clustered island filters, the clustered island filter I adopts a transverse 5-section and longitudinal 6-section clustered island structure design, the clustered island filter II adopts a transverse 5-section and longitudinal 10-section clustered island structure design, and the 2, 3 and 4-order harmonic suppression reaches more than 100dB, so that compared with the previous 60dB, the harmonic suppression part also has 40dB improvement; in addition, the measured insertion loss of the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter is not more than 0.4dB, the standing wave is not more than 1.25, the insertion loss is small, the low standing wave is critical to the high-power filter, otherwise, the heating, the power capacity reduction, the system performance index change and the like are caused.
2. An S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter has multiple application scenes; the method is characterized in that four functions of resistance collection suppression, second harmonic suppression, third harmonic suppression, fourth harmonic suppression and the like are comprehensively designed, and according to the characteristics of the four functions, an integrated waveguide filter which is effectively cascaded by a generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter and two island filters is designed, so that the method has the function of suppressing a band-collecting signal and simultaneously has the function of suppressing second, third and fourth harmonics; the filter not only can be used in a single S frequency band measurement and control unified system for processing the problem of high-power receiving and transmitting interference, but also can be used in a multi-frequency band feed source system such as an S frequency band measurement and control unified system and a C frequency band measurement and control unified system or an X frequency band measurement and control unified system and the like for processing the problem of high-power receiving and transmitting interference of the S frequency band and the problem of influence of harmonic waves on C or X reception.
3. An S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter is convenient to install and maintain; the total length of the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter is only 1 meter, and the equipment is simple to install, fix and maintain subsequently, and is convenient to operate; whereas previous rejection harmonic filters were generally designed as two separate components, each performing a different function; the filter is characterized in that the filter is simple to process but longer in size, the filter with 60dB band rejection is as long as 1 meter, and in addition, when the filter is used together with a separated harmonic filter, a section of adjusting waveguide is additionally arranged between the two filters in order to avoid affecting the overall filtering characteristic of the filter, so that the total filter harmonic filter is longer, the requirement on the installation environment is high, particularly in the case of compact installation space, the installation of the filter is always troublesome, and the S-band high-power waveguide filter can solve the problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the topology of a generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of an island filter;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with examples.
Example 1
At present, in the traditional unified measurement and control system, in order to solve the problems of S-receiving suppression and harmonic suppression, a receiving-blocking filter and a harmonic filter are respectively designed and used for suppressing a receiving-band signal and a harmonic signal, so that the problems of receiving-blocking and harmonic suppression are solved; this method has the following disadvantages:
1. The indexes of the inhibition and harmonic suppression are not enough: the traditional receiving resistance and harmonic suppression technical index is more than or equal to 60dB, the index is proposed to be adaptive to the modes of the prior system, such as the requirement of receiving and transmitting fixed forwarding ratio, the different rotation directions of receiving and transmitting work, the time-sharing work of each frequency band and the like, and as the current application mode is further released, the receiving and transmitting arbitrary forwarding ratio, the rotation directions of receiving and transmitting work can be set, the simultaneous work of a plurality of frequency bands and the like, and the original receiving resistance and harmonic suppression index cannot meet the requirement of the current working scene;
2. The passband insertion loss is large: because the receiving and blocking filter and the harmonic filter are separately designed, the problem of cascade matching of the two filters is also considered during installation, and the cascade connection of the filters easily causes large passband insertion loss, reduces the EIRP value of the system and influences the system performance;
3. The installation requirement is high: the receiving and blocking filter is a linear waveguide filter loaded by a diaphragm, the size is large and is more than 1 meter, the space required during installation is large, the fixing is also troublesome, and the labor cost is high.
Aiming at the problems, the embodiment provides the S-band high-power waveguide receiving-blocking harmonic filter, which is designed integrally, has small in band insertion loss, high in band receiving suppression and harmonic suppression, compact in structure and convenient to install.
Referring to fig. 1, an S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter includes: generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, group island filter one and group island filter two;
the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, the island filter I and the island filter II are cascaded by utilizing impedance changes;
The generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is used for band-shrinking inhibition;
the island filter is used for inhibiting the 2 nd harmonic wave corresponding to the passband;
And the second island filter is used for inhibiting 3 and 4 harmonics corresponding to the pass band.
In this embodiment, specifically, in order to suppress the higher order mode with the horizontal electric field component, the height of the waveguide at the second output end of the island filter is smaller than that of the standard BJ22 waveguide, so the method further includes: a 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer,
Further comprises: a 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer;
the 1/4 wavelength impedance converter is used for matching the second output end of the island filter with a normal BJ22 waveguide and simultaneously inhibiting a higher order mode with a horizontal electric field component; preferably, to achieve a better effect, a 5-section 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer is used.
In this embodiment, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, 2 CQ structures are introduced into the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter for cross coupling; by introducing the cross coupling technology of the waveguide cavity, 2 CQ structures are introduced for cross coupling, compared with a common chebyshev function filter, the number of resonant cavities is reduced from 11 to 9, and the band-receiving suppression requirement of 100dB is realized under the condition that the passband insertion loss is not increased.
Preferably, the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter has 9 resonant cavities;
wherein, a magnetic cross coupling is introduced between the 2 nd and 4 th resonant cavities and the 6 th and 8 th resonant cavities.
The main technical indexes of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are as follows:
The passband is 2018MHz-2120MHz, the band is 2200MHz-2300MHz, the band rejection requirement is not less than 100dB, the band interpolation loss is not more than 0.4dB, and the standing wave is not more than 1.25; according to the main technical indexes, the node number and the transmission zero point of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are preliminarily determined, the transmission characteristic curve of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is calculated, whether the band-receiving inhibition meets the index requirement is verified through matlab software simulation, the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is 9 nodes, meanwhile, one magnetic cross coupling is respectively introduced between the 2 nd resonant cavity, the 4 th resonant cavity and the 6 th resonant cavity and the 8 th resonant cavity, namely, two CQ structures are adopted, and two transmission zero points are generated at the low-end accessory of the band-receiving;
the method for determining each parameter of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter comprises the following steps:
According to the low-pass prototype filter, design parameters of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are comprehensively obtained, the filter microwave structure is realized, single-cavity simulation is firstly carried out, the size of a resonant cavity and the height of a resonant rod are determined, because the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is used for high-power conditions, in order to enhance the coupling degree, a strong coupling structure of the resonant rod and a boss is adopted when the resonant cavities are directly coupled, a coupling structure of the resonant rod is adopted between two magnetic cross couplings, a direct coupling mode is adopted for taps of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, full-cavity simulation is carried out, relevant parameters are adjusted, and finally, all parameters of the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter are determined.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that, the island filter is a corrugated waveguide filter slotted in the longitudinal direction, so as to overcome the problem that the corrugated waveguide filter has limited suppression of the TE n0 higher-order modes; the islands in the islands-in-sea filter are located between the longitudinal and transverse slots, the center distance of each island is no greater than half the free space wavelength of the highest stop band frequency required, the islands-in-sea structure is isotropic in nature, having the same characteristics for TEM waves transmitted in all directions at a given frequency, because any TEn0 mode can be decomposed into TEM modes that pass through the filter in different directions, and for TE n0 modes the properties of the waveguide islands-in-sea filter are only a function of frequency, and therefore the waveguide islands-in-sea filter has a broad, well-matched pass band and a broad, highly attenuated stop band.
In this embodiment, therefore, the first and second island filters are specifically designed to have an integer number of islands in both the transverse and longitudinal directions; wherein:
the first island filter adopts a island structure design of 5 sections in the transverse direction and 6 sections in the longitudinal direction;
the second island filter adopts a island structure design of 5 sections in the transverse direction and 10 sections in the longitudinal direction.
The specific method for designing the parameters of the first island filter is as follows:
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a is the length of the broad side of the BJ22 waveguide, b is the length of the narrow side of the BJ22 waveguide, b1 is the vertical distance between the upper and lower islands, L1 is the longitudinal width of the islands, L2 is the longitudinal width of the transverse grooves between the islands, and C1 is the length of the island filter.
5 Islands are designed in the transverse direction to be optimal, the number of the islands in the longitudinal direction is determined by corresponding stop band suppression indexes, and parameters are optimized according to a Ma Kewei-T-shaped section equivalent circuit design method by combining electromagnetic simulation software, so that b1, L2 and C1 are determined; the method is also suitable for parameter design of the island filter II.
In this embodiment, specifically, the S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter is designed by using aluminum as a base material;
Meanwhile, mainly in order to increase the power resistance of the filter, silver plating treatment is carried out on the surface of the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter, chamfering treatment is adopted on the edges of an inner resonant cavity, a tuning screw, islands and the like of the S-band high-power waveguide receiving and blocking harmonic filter, so that local sparking phenomenon under a high-power condition is avoided, and the power capacity of the filter is reduced.
The above examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make several variants and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the application, which fall within the scope of protection of the application.
This background section is provided to generally present the context of the present invention and the work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as the description of the present section as not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter, comprising: generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, group island filter one and group island filter two;
the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter, the island filter I and the island filter II are cascaded by utilizing impedance changes;
The generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter is used for band-shrinking inhibition;
the island filter is used for inhibiting the 2 nd harmonic wave corresponding to the passband;
the island filter II is used for inhibiting 3 rd harmonic waves and 4 th harmonic waves corresponding to the pass band;
2 CQ structure cross couplings are introduced into the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter;
the generalized chebyshev function waveguide cavity filter has 9 resonant cavities;
wherein, a magnetic cross coupling is introduced between the 2 nd and 4 th resonant cavities and the 6 th and 8 th resonant cavities.
2. The S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter according to claim 1, further comprising: a 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer;
The 1/4 wavelength impedance transformer is used for matching the two output ends of the island filter with the normal BJ22 waveguide and simultaneously suppressing a higher order mode with a horizontal electric field component.
3. The S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter according to claim 1, wherein the first island filter is designed by adopting a island structure of 5 horizontal sections and 6 vertical sections.
4. The S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter according to claim 1, wherein the second island filter is designed by adopting a island structure of 5 sections in the transverse direction and 10 sections in the longitudinal direction.
5. The S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter is silvered.
6. The S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter according to claim 1, wherein the internal resonant cavity, the tuning screw and the edges of each island block of the S-band high-power waveguide rejection harmonic filter are chamfered.
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