CN114446104A - Tower crane training examination device - Google Patents
Tower crane training examination device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114446104A CN114446104A CN202111130887.2A CN202111130887A CN114446104A CN 114446104 A CN114446104 A CN 114446104A CN 202111130887 A CN202111130887 A CN 202111130887A CN 114446104 A CN114446104 A CN 114446104A
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- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001915 proofreading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a training and testing device for a tower crane, which comprises the tower crane, a monitor, a bucket and a host, wherein the tower crane comprises a cab, a tower crane controller, a lifting hook and an encoder; the emergency braking module is used for calculating a speed change value of the movement of the lifting hook in unit time according to the gear speed signal corresponding to the gear signal and comparing the speed change value with a preset speed change value of the movement of the lifting hook in unit time; the operation module is used for calculating the real-time space coordinate of the bucket according to the electric signal of the encoder; the examination and scoring module is used for receiving a signal of the emergency braking module and judging whether to terminate examination and scoring; and the examination and scoring module is used for receiving the average value of the deviation absolute values obtained by the operation module and a preset deviation examination and scoring rule to score the operation of the tower crane. The invention has simple integral structure, simple operation and low requirement on operation hardware, and meets the requirements of tower crane training and examination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special equipment training and examination, and particularly relates to a training and examination device for a tower crane.
Background
The existing special equipment teaching training or examination device focuses on theories, for example, the normality of action operation, the normality of gear operation, the stability of operation and the like are mainly trained, examined and graded from the theories, the theories are emphasized, technical examination is neglected, but most of reasons caused by accidents on the construction site are caused by the fact that technical operation is not relevant, especially a tower crane on a construction site. At present, the training and examination of the tower crane in the prior art are monitored or detected in an operation room with emphasis on technical operation as a base point, and the assessment and the scoring cannot be performed, so that the existing training and examination device of the tower crane needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a training and testing device for a tower crane.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a training and testing device for a tower crane comprises the tower crane, a monitor, a bucket and a host, wherein the tower crane comprises a cab, a tower crane controller, a hook, a trolley travel encoder, a rotary encoder and a lifting rope descending length encoder, the host comprises an examination and scoring module, an emergency braking module and an operation module, and the host is connected with the tower crane controller; the lifting bucket is hung on the lifting hook; the emergency braking module is used for calculating a speed change value of the movement of the lifting hook in unit time according to the gear speed signal corresponding to the gear signal and comparing the speed change value with a preset speed change value of the movement of the lifting hook in unit time, and if the difference between the speed change value and the preset speed change value is too large, the emergency braking module interrupts the work of the tower crane controller; the operation module is used for calculating the real-time space coordinate of the bucket according to the electric signals of the trolley stroke encoder, the rotary encoder and the lifting rope descending length encoder, and performing average calculation of deviation absolute values with the space coordinate of a preset target point; the examination and scoring module is used for receiving a signal of the emergency braking module and judging whether to terminate examination and scoring; and the evaluation and scoring module is used for receiving the average value of the deviation absolute values obtained by the operation module and a preset deviation evaluation rule to score the operation of the tower crane.
Furthermore, the operation module calculates the spatial coordinates of the bucket according to the following formula
Wherein the spatial coordinate system of the movement of the bucket takes the installation point of the tower crane as the origin, LtCalculating the moving distance of the trolley on the suspension arm for a trolley stroke encoder, calculating the corner of the suspension arm for a rotary encoder, H is the height of the initial position of the lifting hook, ht is the descending height of the lifting hook calculated by a lifting rope descending length encoder, H is the descending height of the lifting hook calculated by a lifting rope descending length encoderBarrelThe height from the center of the lifting hook to the bottom surface of the lifting bucket, and t is a time point; and the operation module calculates the spatial coordinates of the bucket and the spatial coordinates Bn (Xn, Yn and Zn) (n is 1, 2, 3 and 4.) of the preset target point to perform average calculation of deviation absolute values, and the spatial coordinates of the bucket closest to the preset target point are obtained and used as a final examination selection point.
Furthermore, the spatial coordinates Bn (Xn, Yn, Zn) (n is 1, 2, 3, 4.) of the preset target point set the time of arrival of the bucket, and considering the overall time of the examination process, the time required for the bucket to reach a preset target point is limited, and when the bucket cannot be moved to the vicinity of the corresponding preset target point within the limited time, the assessment score at this point is zero.
Further, the operation module selects a space coordinate point which is one minute before the bucket reaches the preset target point and stays for more than 3s to calculate the average value of the deviation absolute values, and selects the minimum average value as the assessment score value.
Furthermore, water is filled in the lifting bucket, the assessment scoring module scores the swinging amplitude and the collision degree of the lifting hook in the moving process according to the weight difference of the water in the lifting bucket when the assessment is started and finished, and the water which is added into the swinging or colliding lifting bucket is sprayed out in the moving process of the lifting hook, so that the water is used as an examination point of the swinging amplitude and the collision degree, and whether the operation technology is qualified or exquisite is experienced; because the bucket inclines slightly under the factors of normal speed, rope length and the like, the water in the bucket cannot be filled, and the distance between the liquid level and the edge of the bucket is about 4-10 cm.
Furthermore, the host machine also comprises a video proofreading module, a monitor for monitoring whether the trainee operates normally is arranged in the cab, and the monitor is connected with the video proofreading module; the examination and scoring module is used for receiving the image sent by the video proofreading module, scoring the operation of the tower crane according to the image information and the preset operation action standard examination and scoring rule, examining the operator from theory and operation normalization, and scoring whether the operation action of the operator is normal and the operation flow is correct.
Furthermore, the host machine also comprises a gear operation detection module, wherein the gear operation detection module is used for receiving a gear switch signal of the tower crane and obtaining a gear signal according to the gear switch signal; and the examination and scoring module is used for receiving the gear signal sent by the gear operation detection module and scoring the tower crane operation according to the frequency of gear signal change and a preset gear evaluation rule.
Further, the host computer also comprises a voice playing module, wherein the voice playing module is used for playing the examination operation process, such as playing operation items, and an operator plays the next item every time one item is finished according to the requirement, so that the operator can finish the operation orderly.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the theory examination and the technical examination are combined into a whole, targeted technical examination is added on the basis of paying attention to the theory examination, and the operator is examined comprehensively; 2. the whole device has a simple structure, the prior art can completely meet the requirements, and the support of advanced technology is not needed; 3. in the technical assessment process, various factors in the actual operation process are considered, and the integration of examination operation and actual operation is realized; 4. the real-time spatial coordinate points of the bucket and the spatial coordinate points of the preset target points are used as the operation original data of technical assessment to judge whether the operation technology is qualified or exquisite; 5. the operation process of the whole host is simple and complex, the operation data volume is relatively small, the obtained result is very accurate, the hardware requirement of the host is greatly reduced, and the design and manufacturing cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a control schematic diagram of a training examination device of a tower crane.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a training and examination device for a tower crane comprises the tower crane, a monitor, a bucket and a host, wherein the tower crane comprises a cab, a tower crane controller, a hook, a trolley travel encoder, a rotary encoder and a lifting rope descending length encoder, and description of other components or parts is omitted; the main machine comprises an examination scoring module, an emergency braking module, an operation module, a video checking module, a gear operation detection module and a voice playing module, and is connected with the tower crane controller, and the bucket is hung on a lifting hook. The emergency braking module is used for calculating a speed change value of movement of the lifting hook in unit time according to the gear speed signal corresponding to the gear signal and comparing the speed change value with a preset speed change value of movement of the lifting hook in unit time, if the difference between the speed change value and the preset speed change value is too large, the emergency braking module interrupts the work of a tower crane controller, and if the difference is too large, the emergency braking module indicates that the lifting hook is not normally operated to cause the too fast movement of the lifting hook, so that the operation easily causes the occurrence of accidents due to the large swing of lifted goods. The assessment and scoring module is used for receiving a signal of the emergency braking module to judge whether to terminate the assessment, so that once the condition occurs, the training or the assessment needs to be stopped immediately, and an operator can restart the training or interrupt the assessment. The emergency braking module can perform emergency braking according to the gear speed signal corresponding to the gear signal and can also perform emergency braking according to various preset serious illegal operations.
The operation module is used for calculating the real-time space coordinate of the lifting bucket (equivalent to lifted goods) according to the electric signals of the trolley stroke encoder, the rotary encoder and the lifting rope descending length encoder, and calculating the average value of the absolute deviation value of the space coordinate of the lifting bucket and the space coordinate of a preset target point. The operation module calculates the space coordinate of the bucket according to the following formula
Wherein, the space coordinate system of the bucket movement is a tower craneIs the origin, LtCalculating the moving distance of the trolley on the suspension arm for the trolley stroke encoder, calculating the corner of the suspension arm for the rotary encoder, calculating the height of the initial position of the lifting hook, namely the height of the lifting hook when the lifting hook is initially retracted, and HtCalculating the descent height of the hook, h, for the hoist rope descent length encoderBarrelThe height from the center of the lifting hook to the bottom surface of the lifting bucket, and t is a time point; the above data LtTheta and htAre all derived directly from the encoder, H and HBarrelIs directly measured data. The operation module calculates the space coordinate of the bucket and the space coordinate B of the preset target pointn(Xn、Yn、Zn) And (n is 1, 2, 3, 4.) the average value of the absolute values of the deviations is calculated, and the spatial coordinates of the bucket closest to the preset target point are obtained and used as the final examination selection point. The space coordinate B of the preset target pointn(Xn、Yn、Zn) (n ═ 1, 2, 3, 4.. said.) time of arrival of the bucket is set, for example, a total of 4 preset target points are set in the course of examination, and the coordinate of each preset target point is B1(X1、Y1、Z1)、B2(X2、Y2、Z2)、 B3(X3、Y3、Z3) And B4(X4、Y4、Z4). The operation module selects a space coordinate point which is one minute before the bucket reaches a preset target point and has the stay time of more than 3s to calculate the average value of the deviation absolute value, and selects the minimum average value as the assessment score value. For example, the spatial coordinate of the preset target point is B1(5, 5), setting the arrival time of the bucket to be within 15 minutes from the beginning of the examination, and then selecting the space coordinates which are in accordance within 14-15 minutes by the operation module to perform operation, for example, three points are in accordance with the requirements, A14.21(4.0、 7.0、6.0)、A14.36(8.0, 6.0, 5.5) and A14.50(5.0, 6.0, 7.0) and calculating the absolute value of the deviation of each coordinate to be delta14.21(1、2、1)、δ14.36(3, 1, 0.5) and δ14.50(0, 1, 2), and the calculated average values were 1.33 respectively1.5 and 1, point A14.50Is closest to the preset target point B1(5, 5), and selecting the point as a test point. The assessment scoring module is used for scoring the operation of the tower crane according to the average value of the absolute deviation values obtained by the receiving operation module and a preset deviation assessment rule, namely, multi-level scoring is set, wherein the average value is 5 scores of 0-1.0, the average value is 3 scores of 1.0-2.0, the average value is 1 score of 2.0-3.0, and the average value is 0 score of more than 3.0.
The host machine also comprises a video proofreading module, a monitor for monitoring whether the trainee operates normally is arranged in the cab, and the monitor is connected with the video proofreading module; the assessment and evaluation module is used for receiving the images sent by the video proofreading module and scoring the tower crane operation according to the image information and the preset operation action standard assessment rule. The scoring is also divided into several grades, the operation specification is 5 points without errors, the operation is 3 points without errors generally, and the operation serious error is 0 point.
The main machine also comprises a gear operation detection module, wherein the gear operation detection module is used for receiving a gear switch signal of the tower crane and obtaining a gear signal according to the gear switch signal; and the examination and evaluation module is used for receiving the gear signals sent by the gear operation detection module and scoring the tower crane operation according to the frequency changed by the gear signals and a preset gear evaluation rule. The scoring is also divided into several levels, as is the scoring mode of the video proofreading module and the operation module.
The lifting bucket in be equipped with water, the examination score module according to the examination begin the time with when the end in the lifting bucket weight difference of water for the lifting hook swing range and the collision degree score of removal in-process. Considering that the situation of slight inclination inevitably occurs in the moving process of the lifting hook, the lifting bucket is full of water, the liquid level is about 4-10 cm away from the edge of the lifting bucket, the lifting bucket can be placed back to the original position after an examination is completed, an electronic scale is arranged at the position of the lifting bucket, the electronic scale calculates the weight difference before and after the weight difference is calculated and transmits the weight difference to an examination scoring module, and the examination scoring module scores according to the weight difference, such as 5 points in 0-5 kg, 3 points in 5-10 kg, 1 point in 10-15 kg and 0 point in more than 15 kg.
The host computer also comprises a voice playing module, the voice playing module is used for playing the examination operation process, and the operator operates the tower crane according to the voice prompt. After the assessment is finished, the assessment scoring module calculates total scores according to the scores obtained by the modules and transmits the total scores back to the background monitoring room through the host.
The training and testing device for the tower crane, disclosed by the invention, can be seen from a control schematic diagram that the whole framework is mainly based on the examination and scoring module, each submodule except the emergency braking module unilaterally transmits the processed operation or detection result to the examination and scoring module, and the examination and scoring module scores according to the preset examination specification, so that the disorder of mutual transmission of various data can be avoided, and the energy consumption of a host computer is reduced. The operation of the emergency braking module and the examination and scoring module requires signal transmission in two aspects, firstly, the emergency braking module firstly acquires whether the tower crane controller has an emergency braking condition, and if so, the emergency braking signal is transmitted to the examination and scoring module, and the examination and scoring module judges whether the emergency braking condition needs to be suspended or interrupted according to the preset emergency braking condition; if the interruption check is needed, an interruption signal is transmitted back to the emergency braking module, and the emergency braking module controls the tower crane controller to interrupt operation after receiving the interruption signal.
The trolley stroke encoder, the rotary encoder and the lifting rope descending length encoder are arranged on a driving system of the tower crane.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated in detail, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A training and examination device for a tower crane is characterized by comprising the tower crane, a monitor, a bucket and a host, wherein the tower crane comprises a cab, a tower crane controller, a hook, a trolley travel encoder, a rotary encoder and a lifting rope descending length encoder, the host comprises an examination and scoring module, an emergency braking module and an operation module, and the host is connected with the tower crane controller; the lifting bucket is hung on the lifting hook;
the emergency braking module is used for calculating a speed change value of the movement of the lifting hook in unit time according to the gear speed signal corresponding to the gear signal and comparing the speed change value with a preset speed change value of the movement of the lifting hook in unit time, and if the difference between the speed change value and the preset speed change value is too large, the emergency braking module interrupts the work of the tower crane controller;
the operation module is used for calculating the real-time space coordinate of the bucket according to the electric signals of the trolley stroke encoder, the rotary encoder and the lifting rope descending length encoder, and performing average calculation of deviation absolute values with the space coordinate of a preset target point;
the examination and scoring module is used for receiving a signal of the emergency braking module and judging whether to terminate examination and scoring; and the evaluation and scoring module is used for receiving the average value of the deviation absolute values obtained by the operation module and a preset deviation evaluation rule to score the operation of the tower crane.
2. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 1, wherein the operation module calculates the spatial coordinates of the bucket according to the following formula
Wherein, the space coordinate system of the bucket movement takes the installation point of the tower crane as the origin, LtCalculating the moving distance of the trolley on the suspension arm for the trolley stroke encoder, calculating the corner of the suspension arm for theta, calculating the height of the initial position of the lifting hook for H, and calculating the height of the lifting hook for HtCalculating the descent height of the hook, h, for the hoist rope descent length encoderBarrelThe height from the center of the lifting hook to the bottom surface of the lifting bucket, and t is a time point;
the operation module calculates the space coordinate of the bucket and the space coordinate B of the preset target pointn(Xn、Yn、Zn) And (n is 1, 2, 3, 4.) the average value of the absolute values of the deviations is calculated, and the spatial coordinates of the bucket closest to the preset target point are obtained and used as the final examination selection point.
3. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 2, wherein the spatial coordinates B of the preset target pointsn(Xn、Yn、Zn) (n 1, 2, 3, 4.) the time of arrival of the bucket is set.
4. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 3, wherein the operation module selects a spatial coordinate point which is one minute before the bucket reaches a preset target point and has a stay time of more than 3s to calculate an average value of absolute deviation values, and selects a minimum average value as an assessment score value.
5. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 4, wherein the bucket is filled with water, and the examination and scoring module scores the swing amplitude and the collision degree of the lifting hook in the moving process according to the weight difference of the water in the bucket when the examination and the evaluation begin and end.
6. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 5, wherein the host further comprises a video proofreading module, a monitor for monitoring whether a trainee operates normally is installed in the cab, and the monitor is connected with the video proofreading module; the assessment scoring module is used for receiving the images sent by the video proofreading module and scoring the operation of the tower crane according to the image information and a preset operation action standard assessment rule.
7. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 6, wherein the host further comprises a gear operation detection module, the gear operation detection module is used for receiving a gear switch signal of the tower crane and obtaining a gear signal according to the gear switch signal; and the examination and scoring module is used for receiving the gear signal sent by the gear operation detection module and scoring the tower crane operation according to the frequency of gear signal change and a preset gear evaluation rule.
8. The training and examination device for the tower crane according to claim 7, wherein the host computer further comprises a voice playing module, and the voice playing module is used for playing an examination operation process.
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