CN114444358B - Marine fan dynamic response analysis method under ice load and wind load coupling effect - Google Patents
Marine fan dynamic response analysis method under ice load and wind load coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic response analysis method of an offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load. Firstly, calculating wind loads and aerodynamic damping of a fan under different wind speeds by establishing a single pile foundation offshore fan and a tower model; secondly, simplifying the single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and modeling ice discharging finite elements; and finally, establishing a numerical model of interaction between the offshore wind turbine and the ice bank on the basis of the LS-DYNA explicit time integration nonlinear finite element method, and simultaneously introducing a pneumatic damping load model by means of a load sub-program customized by an LS-DYNA software user to realize real-time coupling of ice load and wind load. According to the invention, the coupling effect of wind load and ice load is fully considered, and the structural power response and safety analysis of the offshore wind turbine under the combined action of ice-bank collision and wind load can be realized by the established single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice-bank collision numerical simulation method, so that the prediction precision of the dynamic response and collision force of the wind turbine can be improved, and more accurate wind turbine power response can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore wind turbine numerical simulation calculation, and particularly relates to a dynamic response analysis method of a single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load.
Background
With the development of society, the demand for renewable energy by humans is increasing. The offshore area is wide, the sea wind is large and no shielding exists, and the offshore wind power generation development is facilitated. Currently, more and more offshore wind farms are built in ice areas such as Bohai Bay, bostonia Bay and the like, and fans in the ice areas suffer from continuous collision of large-area ice rows in winter. The impact of the ice bank threatens the safety of the offshore wind turbine and even damages or destroys the offshore wind turbine in severe cases. At present, the method for forecasting the ice load on the offshore wind turbine structure at home and abroad mainly comprises simplified analysis, on-site monitoring, model test and numerical simulation. The numerical simulation method can simulate the detailed interaction process of the ice bank and the fan, has certain reliability and is widely applied.
During the collision of an offshore wind turbine with an ice bank, the wind turbine overhead nodes may experience severe jolts during the first few seconds, which may cause the incoming wind speed to change dramatically for an operating wind turbine, thereby affecting the aerodynamic load and dynamic response of the wind turbine. However, the numerical simulation in the existing research usually ignores the influence of wind load change caused by the collision of the offshore wind turbine with the ice bank on the power response of the offshore wind turbine, and cannot obtain more accurate structural response and motion response.
For an in-operation offshore wind turbine, when the offshore wind turbine is subjected to external action to cause the tower top to move forwards, the relative wind speed and wind load of the wind turbine rotor are slightly increased, and the forward movement trend of the wind turbine is weakened; when the top of the fan tower moves backwards, the thrust is reduced, and the movement of the fan in the direction is blocked. The above is a damping effect, the magnitude of which is related to the velocity proportional term in the equation of motion. In order to take into account the influence of wind loads varying during the collision of the ice bank with the wind turbine on the running offshore wind turbine, methods based on the blade unit momentum method (like FAST and HAWC 2) are used, the wind excitation is regarded as excitation independent of the wave excitation, and the wind load is used as a damping source for "aerodynamic damping". The concept of aerodynamic damping simplifies the modeling approach, thus eliminating the need for finite element modeling of the fan blades, nor determining the aerodynamics of the fan rotor in each time domain, and in the analysis of the ice bank colliding with the fan, mainly studying the dynamic response of the fan infrastructure, which involves a large number of finite element analyses. The invention adopts the modeling method, and besides considering the average wind speed, the wind load effect is represented by aerodynamic damping.
In summary, in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the dynamic response and the collision force of the fan when the fan in the sea area is subjected to large-area ice-discharging collision, it is necessary to develop an offshore fan dynamic response analysis method accurately realizing the coupling effect of ice load and wind load.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for analyzing the dynamic response of a single-pile offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load, and the method for analyzing the dynamic response of the single-pile offshore wind turbine under the combined action of wind and ice bank impact load can be based on the method for analyzing the dynamic response of the single-pile offshore wind turbine, so that more accurate structural response and motion response can be obtained; meanwhile, based on the method, the influence of factors such as wind speed, ice thickness, ice strength and the like on the power response and collision force of the fan can be studied.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an offshore wind turbine dynamic response analysis method under the coupling action of ice load and wind load comprises the following steps:
a. modeling a single pile foundation offshore wind turbine integral model by adopting a HAWC2 program, and calculating wind loads at different wind speeds and aerodynamic damping coefficients c at average wind speeds aero The aerodynamic damping coefficient can be estimated numerically according to the thrust variation caused by the wind speed variation without considering the influence of the control system:
wherein dV mean Representing small changes in average wind speed, dF Thrust Indicating a corresponding change in thrust. The above formula is only for fans in operation; for a stationary or idling fan, the average wind load and aerodynamic damping is negligible.
b. Establishing a simplified finite element model and an ice discharging finite element model of the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine by adopting Patran software;
c. leading the simplified finite element model and the ice bank finite element model of the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine into LS-DYNA software, setting boundary conditions, a contact algorithm, initial conditions and a material constitutive model, and establishing a single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation model;
d. applying an average wind load to a fan tower top node in the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation model based on the wind load calculated by the HAWC 2;
e. establishing pneumatic damping load models, i.e. c aero *V vib 。
C here aero Is the pre-calculated air damping coefficient, V vib Is the vibration velocity of the overhead node. Carrying out secondary development by adopting a LOADSETUD (load sub-program) customized by LS-DYNA software, and realizing the coupling of the pneumatic damping load model sub-program and the collision main program through Fortran programming;
f. in each time step, LS-DYNA analyzes and calculates the collision process of the fan and the ice bank to obtain a result, and transmits the speed information of the tower top node to the self-defined load sub-program LOADSETUD for storage;
g. and calculating the pneumatic damping load in the defined subprogram LOADSETUD, applying the obtained pneumatic damping load on a tower top node and substituting the pneumatic damping load into the next time step, calculating the structural deformation and the tower top movement of the fan by using the LS-DYNA main program, and repeating the cycle until the set calculation time is reached, namely, the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load is realized, and the time domain result of the fan movement and the damage deformation of the structure in the collision process can be obtained.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the offshore wind turbine dynamic response analysis method, the coupling effect of wind load and ice load is fully considered, a single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation method is established, the offshore wind turbine structural dynamic response and safety analysis under the combined action of ice bank collision and wind load can be realized, and more accurate wind turbine dynamic response can be obtained.
2. The invention is based on the established analysis method of the dynamic response of the offshore wind turbine, and can fully research the dynamic response characteristics of the offshore wind turbine under the actions of different wind speeds, ice thickness and ice strength by controlling the modeling of the wind turbine and the ice bank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a coupling algorithm of a subprogram of the pneumatic damping load model and a main collision program of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a simplified finite element model of the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the displacement of the top of the offshore wind turbine at different wind speeds at an ice velocity of 0.9m/s in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The dynamic response analysis method of the single-pile offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of the ice load and the wind load is based on the LS-DYNA explicit time integral nonlinear finite element method, a numerical model of the interaction of the single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and the ice bank is built, meanwhile, the pneumatic damping model is introduced, the real-time coupling of the ice bank collision and the wind load is realized, and the method has the advantages of being high in efficiency, improving the dynamic response of the wind turbine, improving the forecasting precision of the collision force and the like. The method for analyzing the dynamic response of the single-pile offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of the ice load and the wind load in the sea area mainly comprises the following steps and characteristics:
the invention takes a typical 5MW single pile foundation offshore wind turbine as an example, the height of the wind turbine is 143.6m, and the total mass of the blades and turbine parts is 350t. The offshore wind turbine foundation structure consists of a single pile, a transition piece and a tower; wherein the single pile and the transition piece have constant cross-sectional shapes, the outer diameter is 6m, the wall thickness is 60mm, and the single pile is buried in the soil for 36m; the tower was 77.6m high, 6m bottom diameter, 3.87m top diameter, and the wall thickness gradually decreased from 27.0mm at the bottom to 19.4mm at the top. The cut-in wind speed, the rated wind speed and the cut-out wind speed of the variable-pitch offshore wind turbine are 3m/s, 11.4m/s and 25m/s respectively.
Step 1: modeling the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine integral model by adopting a HAWC2 program, and calculating aerodynamic damping coefficients c under wind speeds of 11.4m/s, 18m/s and average wind speed aero The aerodynamic damping coefficient can be estimated numerically according to the thrust variation caused by the wind speed variation without considering the influence of the control system:
wherein dV mean Representing small changes in average wind speed, dF Thrust Indicating a corresponding change in thrust.
Step 2: establishing ice bank finite element model
Based on the representative ice characteristics suggested by the Barro sea ISO standard, the ice thickness is selected to be 40cm, the extrusion strength is 2.3MPa, the Young modulus is 5.4GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.33, the friction coefficient is 0.05, and the ice speed is 0.6-1.2 m/s. Using eight-node physical cell simulation, the mesh size is approximately 0.6mX0.6mX0.4 m.
Step 3: simplified finite element model for building single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine
The fan model was built using a Belyscho-Tsay shell unit. A fine mesh with a size of 200mm was used in the area in contact with ice and the area at the top of the structure, and a coarse mesh with a size of 500mm was used in the rest. Equivalent density of fan structure is 8500kg/m 3 This is to consider the weights of paint, bolts, welds, flanges, etc. that are not considered in the wall thickness data to ensure that the model is consistent with the weight of the actual blower, young's modulus 207GPa, poisson's ratio 0.3, yield stress 355MPa, strength coefficient 760MPa, hardening index 0.225, plastic failure strain 0.3. As shown in fig. 2, the nacelle and blade parts of the wind turbine are replaced by fixed mass points at the top of the tower for simplicity of the model, and the connection between the wind turbine and the wind turbine is considered as rigid. And simulating the boundary effect of soil at different depths at the bottom of the fan foundation structure by adopting springs with different rigidities, wherein the rigidity value of the spring model is related to the soil depth. Each spring has two ends, one end being connected to the fan support structure and the other end being fixed in the x-direction or the y-direction. The bottom of the offshore wind turbine foundation structure constrains displacement in the z-axis direction and cannot rotate around the z-axis.
Step 4: leading the fan and ice bank finite element model into LS-DYNA software, setting boundary conditions, contact algorithm, initial conditions and material constitutive model
To avoid initial penetration and numerical errors, the initial position of the ice bank is at a distance from the fan, and the speed of the ice bank is gradually increased from zero to the target speed before the collision occurs, and then the speed is kept unchanged. For the offshore wind turbine structure, a power law hardened elastoplastic material model is adopted; an isotropic elastoplastic material model is used for the ice bank.
Step 5: the wind load applied by the fan tower top node in the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation model gradually increases from zero to a target value, so that the displacement value of the tower top end is stable before the collision starts.
Step 6: establishing pneumatic damping load models, i.e. c aero *V vib
C here aero Is the pre-calculated air damping coefficient, V vib Is the vibration velocity of the overhead node. The LS-DYNA software user-defined load sub-program LOADSETUD is adopted for secondary development, and the coupling of the pneumatic damping load model sub-program and the collision main program is realized through Fortran programming.
Step 7: in each time step, LS-DYNA analyzes and calculates the collision process of the fan and the ice bank to obtain a result, and the speed information of the tower top node is transmitted to a user subroutine for storage.
Step 8: and calculating the pneumatic damping load in the defined subprogram LOADSETUD, applying the obtained pneumatic damping load on a tower top node and substituting the pneumatic damping load into the next time step, calculating the structural deformation and the tower top movement of the fan by using the LS-DYNA main program, and repeating the cycle until the set calculation time is reached, namely, the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load is realized, and the time domain result of the fan movement and the damage deformation of the structure in the collision process can be obtained. The peak displacement curves of the offshore wind turbine towers at different wind speeds are shown in fig. 3.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The marine fan dynamic response analysis method under the coupling effect of ice load and wind load is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. offshore wind on single pile foundation by adopting HAWC2 programModeling is carried out on the integral model of the machine, and aerodynamic damping coefficients c under different wind speeds and under the average wind speed are calculated aero The aerodynamic damping coefficient can be estimated numerically according to the thrust variation caused by the wind speed variation without considering the influence of a control system:
wherein dV mean Representing small changes in average wind speed, dF Thrust Representing a corresponding change in thrust; the above formula is only for fans in operation; for a stationary or idling fan, the average wind load and aerodynamic damping is negligible;
b. establishing a simplified finite element model and an ice discharging finite element model of the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine by adopting Patran software;
c. leading the simplified finite element model and the ice bank finite element model of the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine into LS-DYNA software, setting boundary conditions, a contact algorithm, initial conditions and a material constitutive model, and establishing a single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation model;
d. applying an average wind load to a fan tower top node in the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation model based on the wind load calculated by the HAWC 2;
e. establishing pneumatic damping load models, i.e. c aero *V vib The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the C here aero Is the pre-calculated air damping coefficient, V vib Is the vibration speed of the tower top node; carrying out secondary development by adopting a LOADSETUD (load sub-program) customized by LS-DYNA software, and realizing the coupling of the pneumatic damping load model sub-program and the collision main program through Fortran programming;
f. in each time step, LS-DYNA analyzes and calculates the collision process of the fan and the ice bank to obtain a result, and transmits the speed information of the tower top node to the self-defined load sub-program LOADSETUD for storage;
g. and calculating the pneumatic damping load in the defined subprogram LOADSETUD, applying the obtained pneumatic damping load on a tower top node and substituting the pneumatic damping load into the next time step, calculating the structural deformation and the tower top movement of the fan by using the LS-DYNA main program, and repeating the cycle until the set calculation time is reached, namely, the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load is realized, and the time domain result of the fan movement and the damage deformation of the structure in the collision process can be obtained.
2. The method for analyzing the dynamic response of the offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load according to claim 1, wherein in the step d, the wind load applied by the wind turbine top node in the single pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice bank collision numerical simulation model gradually increases from zero to a target value, so that the displacement value of the top end of the wind turbine top reaches a stable value before the collision starts.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102926399A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Offshore fan pile foundation design method and application thereof |
| KR20150126127A (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-11 | (주)제이피엠엔지니어링 | An analysis of the multi-layered soil on monopile foundation of offshore wind tower |
| CN111327239A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-23 | 华北电力大学 | Method for restraining ice load of offshore wind turbine based on variable pitch control |
| CN113919046A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-01-11 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Pile foundation linearization and foundation structure super-unit calculation method suitable for offshore wind turbine integral coupling calculation |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102926399A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Offshore fan pile foundation design method and application thereof |
| KR20150126127A (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-11 | (주)제이피엠엔지니어링 | An analysis of the multi-layered soil on monopile foundation of offshore wind tower |
| CN111327239A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-23 | 华北电力大学 | Method for restraining ice load of offshore wind turbine based on variable pitch control |
| CN113919046A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-01-11 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Pile foundation linearization and foundation structure super-unit calculation method suitable for offshore wind turbine integral coupling calculation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 刘浩然 ; 郭建廷 ; 卞向前 ; 张毅 ; 倪航 ; .冰区海上风机支撑结构疲劳评估方法研究.海洋工程.(06),全文. * |
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