CN114444358A - Offshore wind turbine power response analysis method under ice load and wind load coupling action - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for analyzing power response of an offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load. Firstly, calculating wind load and aerodynamic damping of a fan at different wind speeds by establishing a single-pile foundation offshore fan and a tower model; secondly, simplifying the offshore wind turbine with the single-pile foundation and modeling ice row finite elements; and finally, establishing a numerical model of interaction of the offshore wind turbine with the ice row on the basis of an LS-DYNA explicit time integral nonlinear finite element method, and introducing a pneumatic damping load model by means of a load subprogram customized by an LS-DYNA software user, so as to realize real-time coupling of the ice load and the wind load. The method fully considers the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load, and through the established single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice row collision numerical simulation method, the dynamic response and safety analysis of the offshore wind turbine structure under the joint action of ice row collision and the wind load can be realized, the prediction precision of the dynamic response and the collision force of the wind turbine can be improved, and more accurate wind turbine dynamic response can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical simulation calculation of offshore wind turbines, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing power response of an offshore wind turbine with a single-pile foundation under the coupling action of ice load and wind load.
Background
With the development of society, the demand of human beings for renewable energy sources is increasing. The offshore wind power generation device has the advantages of wide offshore area, large sea wind and no shielding, and is favorable for the development of offshore wind power generation. At present, more and more offshore wind power plants are built in the sea areas of ice regions, such as Bohai Bay, Borot sea, Bosminia Bay and the like, and the fans of the sea areas of the ice regions are continuously collided by large-area ice rows in winter. The impact of ice rows can threaten the safety of the offshore wind turbine and even damage or destroy the offshore wind turbine in severe cases. At present, the method for forecasting the ice load acting on the offshore wind turbine structure at home and abroad mainly comprises simplified analysis, field monitoring, model test and numerical simulation. The numerical simulation method can simulate the detailed interaction process of the ice rows and the fan, has certain reliability and is widely applied.
During the collision of an offshore wind turbine with an ice bank, the wind turbine tower top node may experience severe jolts in the first few seconds, which may cause the incoming wind speed to change dramatically for a wind turbine that is in operation, thereby affecting the aerodynamic load and the dynamic response of the wind turbine. However, the numerical simulation in the existing research usually ignores the influence of the wind load change caused by the collision of the offshore wind turbine and the ice row on the dynamic response of the offshore wind turbine, and cannot obtain more accurate structural response and movement response.
For an offshore wind turbine in operation, when the tower top moves forwards due to the external action, the relative wind speed and wind load borne by a wind turbine rotor are slightly increased, so that the forward movement trend of the wind turbine is weakened; when the top of the fan tower moves backwards, the thrust is reduced, and the fan can be prevented from moving towards the direction. The above is a damping effect whose magnitude is related to the velocity ratio term in the equation of motion. To account for the effects of varying wind loads during an ice bank collision with a wind turbine on an operating offshore wind turbine, blade unit momentum method based methods (such as FAST and HAWC2) are employed, treating the wind excitation as an excitation independent of the wave excitation, and as a damping source for "aerodynamic damping". The concept of aerodynamic damping simplifies the modeling approach, so that no finite element modeling of the wind turbine blades is required, and no determination of the aerodynamics of the wind turbine rotor in each time domain is required, and in the analysis of ice rows colliding with the wind turbine, the dynamic response of the wind turbine infrastructure is mainly studied, wherein a large number of finite element analyses are involved. The invention adopts the modeling method, and the wind load effect is expressed by aerodynamic damping in addition to considering the average wind speed.
In summary, in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the dynamic response and the collision force of the wind turbine in the sea area of the ice region when the wind turbine suffers from large-area ice discharge collision, it is necessary to develop an analysis method for accurately realizing the dynamic response of the offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of the ice load and the wind load.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for analyzing the power response of a single-pile offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load, and the method can realize the power response analysis of the single-pile offshore wind turbine under the combined action of wind and ice row impact load and can obtain more accurate structural response and motion response; meanwhile, based on the method, the influence of factors such as wind speed, ice thickness and ice strength on the dynamic response and the impact force of the fan can be researched.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for analyzing power response of an offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load comprises the following steps:
a. modeling the integral model of the offshore wind turbine with the single-pile foundation by adopting an HAWC2 program, and calculating the aerodynamic damping coefficient c under wind load and average wind speed under different wind speedsaeroThe aerodynamic damping coefficient can be numerically estimated according to the thrust variation caused by the wind speed variation without considering the influence of a control system:
wherein, dVmeanRepresenting small changes in mean wind speed, dFThrustIndicating a corresponding change in thrust. The above formula is only for fans in operation; to pairIn a stationary or idling fan, the average wind load and aerodynamic damping can be ignored.
b. Establishing a simplified finite element model and an ice row finite element model of the offshore wind turbine with the single pile foundation by adopting Patran software;
c. importing the simplified finite element model and the ice row finite element model of the offshore wind turbine with the single-pile foundation into LS-DYNA software, setting boundary conditions, a contact algorithm, initial conditions and a material constitutive model, and establishing a numerical simulation model of the collision between the offshore wind turbine with the ice row with the single-pile foundation;
d. based on the wind load calculated by the HAWC2, applying an average wind load on a top node of the wind turbine in the single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice row collision numerical simulation model;
e. establishing a model of the aerodynamic damping load, i.e. caero*Vvib。
C hereinaeroIs a pre-calculated air damping coefficient, VvibIs the vibration velocity of the tower top node. The load subprogram LOADSETUD customized by an LS-DYNA software user is adopted for secondary development, and the coupling of the pneumatic damping load model subprogram and the collision main program is realized through Fortran programming;
f. in each time step, LS-DYNA analyzes and calculates the collision process of the fan and the ice rows to obtain a result, and transmits the speed information of the tower top node to the self-defined load sub program LOADSETUD for storage;
g. and calculating the pneumatic damping load in a defined subprogram LOADSETUD, applying the obtained pneumatic damping load on a tower top node and substituting the obtained pneumatic damping load into the next time step, calculating the structural deformation and tower top movement of the fan by using an LS-DYNA main program, and repeating the steps circularly until the set calculation time is reached, so that the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load is realized, and the time domain result of the fan movement and the damage deformation of the structure in the collision process can be obtained.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the offshore wind turbine power response analysis method provided by the invention fully considers the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load, establishes a single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice row collision numerical simulation method, can realize the analysis of the offshore wind turbine structure power response and safety under the combined action of ice row collision and the wind load, and can obtain more accurate wind turbine power response.
2. The method is based on the established offshore wind turbine power response analysis method, and can fully research the offshore wind turbine power response characteristics under the action of different wind speeds, ice thicknesses and ice strengths by controlling the wind turbine and the ice bank modeling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the coupling algorithm of the aerodynamic damping load model subroutine and the collision main routine of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a simplified finite element model of the offshore wind turbine with a single pile foundation according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the displacement of the top of the offshore wind turbine tower at an ice speed of 0.9m/s for different wind speeds in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for analyzing the power response of the mono-pile offshore wind turbine under the coupling effect of the ice load and the wind load is based on an LS-DYNA explicit time integral nonlinear finite element method, a numerical model of the interaction of the mono-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and the ice row is established, meanwhile, a pneumatic damping model is introduced, the real-time coupling of ice row collision and the wind load is achieved, and the method has the advantages of being high in efficiency, improving the dynamic response of the wind turbine and the prediction accuracy of the collision force and the like. The method for analyzing the power response of the single-pile offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load in the ice region mainly comprises the following steps and characteristics:
the invention is exemplified by a typical 5MW mono-pile based offshore wind turbine with a height of 143.6m and a total mass of 350t of the blades and turbine sections. The offshore wind turbine foundation structure consists of a single pile, a transition piece and a tower; the single pile and the transition piece have constant cross section shapes, the outer diameter is 6m, the wall thickness is 60mm, and the single pile is buried in soil by 36 m; the height of the tower is 77.6m, the diameter of the bottom is 6m, the diameter of the top is 3.87m, and the wall thickness is gradually reduced from 27.0mm at the bottom end to 19.4mm at the top end. The cut-in wind speed, the rated wind speed and the cut-out wind speed of the variable-speed variable-pitch offshore wind turbine are respectively 3m/s, 11.4m/s and 25 m/s.
Step 1: modeling the integral model of the offshore wind turbine with the single-pile foundation by adopting an HAWC2 program, and calculating aerodynamic damping coefficients c under wind load and average wind speed of 11.4m/s and 18m/saeroThe aerodynamic damping coefficient can be numerically estimated according to the thrust variation caused by the wind speed variation without considering the influence of a control system:
wherein, dVmeanRepresenting small changes in mean wind speed, dFThrustIndicating a corresponding change in thrust.
Step 2: establishing ice bank finite element model
Based on the representative ice characteristics suggested by the Bordeaux ISO standard, the ice thickness is 40cm, the extrusion strength is 2.3MPa, the Young modulus is 5.4GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.33, the friction coefficient is 0.05, and the ice speed is 0.6-1.2 m/s. Using eight-node physical unit simulation, the grid size is about 0.6m × 0.6m × 0.4 m.
And step 3: establishing a simplified finite element model of a single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine
The blower model is built by adopting a Belysco-Tsay shell unit. A fine mesh of 200mm was used in the area in contact with the ice and the area at the top of the structure, and a coarse mesh of 500mm was used for the rest. The equivalent density of the fan structure is 8500kg/m3The weights of paint, bolts, welding seams, flanges and the like which are not considered in the wall thickness data are considered to ensure that the model is consistent with the weight of the actual fan, the Young modulus is 207GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the yield stress is 355MPa, the strength coefficient is 760MPa, the hardening index is 0.225, and the plastic failure strain is 0.3. As shown in fig. 2, to simplify the model, the nacelle and blade parts of the wind turbine are replaced by fixed mass points located at the top of the tower, and the connection between the wind turbine infrastructure and the wind turbine is considered rigid. Springs with different rigidity are adopted to simulate the boundary action of soil with different depths at the bottom of the fan foundation structure, and the rigidity value of the spring model is related to the soil depth. Each spring having two endsOne end is connected with the fan supporting structure, and the other end is fixed in the x direction or the y direction. The bottom of the offshore wind turbine foundation structure restrains displacement in the z-axis direction and cannot rotate around the z-axis.
And 4, step 4: importing the finite element model of the fan and the ice row into LS-DYNA software, and setting boundary conditions, contact algorithm, initial conditions and material constitutive model
To avoid initial penetration and numerical error, the ice bank initial position is at a distance from the fan, and the speed of the ice bank is gradually increased from zero to a target speed before a collision occurs, and then the speed is kept constant. For the offshore wind turbine structure, a power law hardened elasto-plastic material model is adopted; an isotropic elastoplastic material model was used for the ice rows.
And 5: the wind load applied by the top node of the fan tower in the single-pile foundation offshore fan and ice row collision numerical simulation model is gradually increased from zero to a target value, so that the displacement value of the top end of the tower is stable before collision begins.
Step 6: establishing a model of the aerodynamic damping loads, i.e. caero*Vvib
C hereinaeroIs a pre-calculated air damping coefficient, VvibIs the vibration velocity of the tower top node. And (3) carrying out secondary development by adopting a load subprogram LOADSETUD customized by an LS-DYNA software user, and realizing the coupling of the pneumatic damping load model subprogram and the collision main program through Fortran programming.
And 7: in each time step, LS-DYNA analyzes and calculates the collision process of the fan and the ice rows to obtain a result, and transmits the speed information of the tower top node to a user subprogram for storage.
And 8: and calculating the pneumatic damping load in a defined subprogram LOADSETUD, applying the obtained pneumatic damping load on a tower top node and substituting the obtained pneumatic damping load into the next time step, calculating the structural deformation and tower top movement of the fan by using an LS-DYNA main program, and repeating the steps circularly until the set calculation time is reached, so that the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load is realized, and the time domain result of the fan movement and the damage deformation of the structure in the collision process can be obtained. The displacement curve of the offshore wind turbine tower at different wind speeds is shown in fig. 3.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for analyzing power response of an offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of ice load and wind load is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. modeling the integral model of the offshore wind turbine with the single-pile foundation by adopting an HAWC2 program, and calculating the aerodynamic damping coefficient c under wind load and average wind speed under different wind speedsaeroThe aerodynamic damping coefficient can be numerically estimated according to the thrust variation caused by the wind speed variation without considering the influence of a control system:
wherein, dVmeanRepresenting small changes in mean wind speed, dFThrustRepresenting a corresponding change in thrust; the above formula is only used for a fan in operation; for a stationary or idling fan, the average wind load and aerodynamic damping can be ignored;
b. establishing a simplified finite element model and an ice row finite element model of the offshore wind turbine with the single pile foundation by adopting Patran software;
c. importing the simplified finite element model and the ice row finite element model of the offshore wind turbine with the single-pile foundation into LS-DYNA software, setting boundary conditions, a contact algorithm, initial conditions and a material constitutive model, and establishing a numerical simulation model of the collision between the offshore wind turbine with the ice row with the single-pile foundation;
d. based on the wind load calculated by the HAWC2, applying an average wind load on a top node of the wind turbine in the single-pile foundation offshore wind turbine and ice row collision numerical simulation model;
e. establishing a model of the aerodynamic damping load, i.e. caero*Vvib(ii) a C hereinaeroIs a pre-calculated air damping coefficient, VvibIs the vibration velocity of the tower top node; the load subprogram LOADSETUD customized by an LS-DYNA software user is adopted for secondary development, and the coupling of the pneumatic damping load model subprogram and the collision main program is realized through Fortran programming;
f. in each time step, LS-DYNA analyzes and calculates the collision process of the fan and the ice rows to obtain a result, and transmits the speed information of the tower top node to the self-defined load sub program LOADSETUD for storage;
g. and calculating the pneumatic damping load in a defined subprogram LOADSETUD, applying the obtained pneumatic damping load on a tower top node and substituting the obtained pneumatic damping load into the next time step, calculating the structural deformation and tower top movement of the fan by using an LS-DYNA main program, and repeating the steps circularly until the set calculation time is reached, so that the coupling effect of the wind load and the ice load is realized, and the time domain result of the fan movement and the damage deformation of the structure in the collision process can be obtained.
2. The method for analyzing the dynamic response of the offshore wind turbine under the coupling action of the ice load and the wind load according to claim 1, wherein in the step d, the wind load applied to the top node of the wind turbine tower in the numerical simulation model of the single-pile-based offshore wind turbine and the ice bank collision gradually increases from zero to a target value, so that the displacement value of the top end of the tower is stabilized before the collision starts.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102926399A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Offshore fan pile foundation design method and application thereof |
| KR20150126127A (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-11 | (주)제이피엠엔지니어링 | An analysis of the multi-layered soil on monopile foundation of offshore wind tower |
| CN111327239A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-23 | 华北电力大学 | Method for restraining ice load of offshore wind turbine based on variable pitch control |
| CN113919046A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-01-11 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Pile foundation linearization and foundation structure super-unit calculation method suitable for offshore wind turbine integral coupling calculation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102926399A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Offshore fan pile foundation design method and application thereof |
| KR20150126127A (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-11 | (주)제이피엠엔지니어링 | An analysis of the multi-layered soil on monopile foundation of offshore wind tower |
| CN111327239A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-23 | 华北电力大学 | Method for restraining ice load of offshore wind turbine based on variable pitch control |
| CN113919046A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-01-11 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Pile foundation linearization and foundation structure super-unit calculation method suitable for offshore wind turbine integral coupling calculation |
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