CN114442232A - Wavelength division multiplexer - Google Patents
Wavelength division multiplexer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114442232A CN114442232A CN202210170759.9A CN202210170759A CN114442232A CN 114442232 A CN114442232 A CN 114442232A CN 202210170759 A CN202210170759 A CN 202210170759A CN 114442232 A CN114442232 A CN 114442232A
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- optical signal
- module
- wavelength division
- division multiplexer
- refraction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
Abstract
The invention discloses a wavelength division multiplexer, which comprises a first module and a second module, wherein the first module is provided with a plurality of lenses and an optical signal refraction and reflection assembly, the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly is provided with a plurality of optical signal selective refraction areas corresponding to the number of the lenses, and each optical signal selective refraction area is respectively used for refracting optical signals with different wavelengths and reflecting the incident optical signals with the wavelengths corresponding to the non-current optical signal selective refraction areas; the second module is provided with an optical signal reflection assembly for reflecting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, and the second module is also provided with a multiplexing lens for transmitting the plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths; through setting up a plurality of lenses and light signal refraction reflection assembly on first module, set up light signal reflection assembly and multiplexing lens on the second module to realized reducing the use of glass piece, reduced manufacturing cost, and effectively improved wavelength division multiplexer's production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a wavelength division multiplexer.
Background
In the field of optical communication technology, in order to increase the transmission capacity of a single optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexing technology is generally used, the wavelength division multiplexing technology is implemented by transmitting a plurality of carrier optical signals with different wavelengths through the same optical fiber after a light path is designed, so that the transmission capacity can be increased, and the carrier optical signals with different wavelengths are separated through a demultiplexing technology at the other end of the optical fiber to implement large-capacity transmission. In the related art, the multiplexing technology is usually realized by combining an optical filter and a z-block glass sheet, or only combining waves through a spatial position by using the optical filter. However, both of the above methods require several glass sheets and have high requirements on the parallelism or polishing level of the glass sheets, resulting in high manufacturing costs. In addition, the adoption of a large number of glass sheets makes the manufacturing process complicated and the production efficiency low.
Therefore, it is a difficult problem for those skilled in the art to overcome the technical problems of high manufacturing cost and low production efficiency of the wavelength division multiplexer.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a wavelength division multiplexer, which is used for solving the technical problems of high cost and low production efficiency of the wavelength division multiplexer in the manufacturing production in the related technology.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength division multiplexer, including: the optical fiber module comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module is provided with a plurality of lenses which are respectively used for collimating or focusing a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths; the first module is also provided with an optical signal refraction and reflection assembly, the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly is provided with a plurality of optical signal selective refraction areas corresponding to the lenses, and each optical signal selective refraction area is used for refracting optical signals with different specific wavelengths and reflecting the incident optical signals with the wavelengths which are not corresponding to the optical signal selective refraction areas currently;
the second module is provided with an optical signal reflection assembly and is used for refracting the optical signals with different wavelengths; and the second module is also provided with a multiplexing lens, and the multiplexing lens is used for transmitting the optical signals with different wavelengths.
The wavelength division multiplexer of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the wavelength division multiplexer in the embodiment of the invention comprises a first module and a second module; the first module is provided with a plurality of lenses for collimating or focusing a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, the first module is also provided with an optical signal refraction and reflection assembly, the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly is provided with a plurality of optical signal selective refraction areas corresponding to the plurality of lenses, and each optical signal selective refraction area is respectively used for refracting the optical signals with different wavelengths and reflecting the incident optical signals with the wavelengths corresponding to the non-current optical signal selective refraction areas; the second module is provided with an optical signal reflection assembly for reflecting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, and the second module is also provided with a multiplexing lens for transmitting the plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths; in the embodiment of the invention, the plurality of lenses and the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly are arranged on the first module, and the optical signal reflection assembly and the multiplexing lens are arranged on the second module, so that the use of glass sheets is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency of the wavelength division multiplexer is effectively improved.
According to wavelength division multiplexers of further embodiments of the present invention, the wavelength division multiplexer further includes a position adjustment structure for adjusting the relative positions of the optical signal refracting and reflecting components and the optical signal reflecting components.
According to wavelength division multiplexers of further embodiments of the present invention, the position adjustment structure includes a first adjustment assembly disposed at the first die set, a second adjustment assembly disposed at the second die set, and an adjustment spring disposed between the first adjustment assembly and the second adjustment assembly.
According to the wavelength division multiplexer according to other embodiments of the present invention, the first adjusting component includes a first adjusting knob, the second adjusting component is a second adjusting knob, and the adjusting spring is deformed by the first adjusting knob and the second adjusting knob to adjust the relative positions of the optical signal refraction and reflection component and the optical signal reflection component.
According to wavelength division multiplexers of other embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of lenses are arranged in an array structure on the first die set.
According to wavelength division multiplexers of further embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of lenses includes 6 lenses, and the 6 lenses are arranged in 6 rows and 1 column on the first die set.
According to another embodiment of the wavelength division multiplexer according to the present invention, the plurality of optical signal selective refraction areas include 6 optical signal selective refraction areas, and the 6 optical signal selective refraction areas respectively refract optical signals with different specific wavelengths and reflect incident optical signals with wavelengths not corresponding to the optical signal selective refraction area currently.
According to the wavelength division multiplexer of the other embodiments of the present invention, the functions performed by the plurality of optical signal selection refraction regions are performed by coating and attaching an optical filter.
According to wavelength division multiplexers of further embodiments of the present invention, the first module and the second module are detachably fixed in combination.
According to the wavelength division multiplexer of the other embodiments of the present invention, the multiplexing lens is disposed in an upper region of the second module.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexer according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the optical signal selective refraction area on the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly in the wavelength division multiplexer according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic distribution diagram of 6 optical signal selective refraction areas on an optical signal refraction and reflection assembly in a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic optical path diagram of a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic optical path diagram of a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention for implementing wavelength division demultiplexing;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optical path for simultaneously implementing wavelength division demultiplexing and wavelength division demultiplexing in a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if "a number" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "greater than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "greater than", "lower" or "inner" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first module 100 and a second module 200; the first module 100 is provided with a plurality of lenses 110, the first module 100 is further provided with an optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120, and the plurality of lenses 110 are used for collimating or focusing a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, that is, different lenses are used for collimating or focusing optical signals with different wavelengths. Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment, the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 is provided with a plurality of optical signal selection refraction areas 130 corresponding to a number of the plurality of lenses, each of the optical signal selection refraction areas 130 is respectively used for refracting optical signals with different specific wavelengths, and each of the optical signal selection refraction areas 130 reflects an incident optical signal with a wavelength corresponding to a non-current optical signal selection refraction area 130. In this embodiment, the second module 200 is provided with an optical signal reflection assembly 210 for reflecting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, and in addition, the second module 200 is further provided with a multiplexing lens 220, and the multiplexing lens 220 is used for transmitting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths. In the embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of lenses 110 and the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 are disposed on the first module 100, and the optical signal reflection assembly 210 and the multiplexing lens 220 are disposed on the second module 200, so that the usage of glass sheets is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency of the wavelength division multiplexer is effectively improved.
In some embodiments, the wavelength division multiplexer further comprises a position adjustment structure for adjusting the relative positions of the optical signal refracting and reflecting component and the optical signal reflecting component.
Referring to fig. 3, in particular, in some embodiments, the wavelength division multiplexer includes a position adjustment structure including a first adjustment assembly 310, a second adjustment assembly 320, and an adjustment spring (not shown). Wherein the adjustment spring is disposed between the first adjustment assembly 310 and the second adjustment assembly 320. In some embodiments, the first adjustment assembly 310 is a first adjustment knob, the second adjustment assembly 320 is a second adjustment knob, and the adjustment spring is deformed by the first adjustment knob and the second adjustment knob to change the relative positions of the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 and the optical signal reflection assembly 210. By arranging the position adjusting structure, the embodiment of the invention can meet the actual demand requirements by changing the relative positions of the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 and the optical signal reflection assembly 210 in different application scenes.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, a plurality of lenses 110 are disposed in an array structure on the first module 100. In this embodiment, the plurality of lenses 110 includes 6 lenses, i.e., the lenses 111 to 116, and are arranged in 6 rows and 1 column on the first module 110. Accordingly, when the first module 110 has 6 lenses, the corresponding optical signal selective refraction regions include 6 optical signal selective refraction regions, i.e., the optical signal selective refraction region 131 to the optical signal selective refraction region 136. In this embodiment, the 6 optical signal selective refraction regions are respectively configured to refract 6 optical signals with specific different wavelengths, and reflect an incident optical signal with a wavelength corresponding to a non-current optical signal selective refraction region. In this embodiment, the function of the optical signal selective refraction region can be realized by coating and attaching an optical filter. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the 6 lenses and the 6 optical signal selective refraction regions can realize information transmission of 6 optical signals with different wavelengths, and in practical application, the adjustment of the number of the lenses and the number of the optical signal selective refraction regions can be performed according to specific requirements, so that practical application is met.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the first module 100 and the second module 200 are detachably fixed in combination. Namely, the first module 100 and the second module 200 can be manufactured independently, and after the first module 100 and the second module 200 are manufactured, the housing is provided with devices that are fastened to each other, so that the first module 100 and the second module 200 can be assembled and disassembled.
The following describes a specific transmission process of an optical signal in practical use by a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention with a specific embodiment:
referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the first module 100 is provided with 6 lenses, i.e., a lens 111, a lens 112, a lens 113, a lens 114, a lens 115, and a lens 116, and the corresponding optical signal selective refraction regions include an optical signal selective refraction region 131, an optical signal selective refraction region 132, an optical signal selective refraction region 133, an optical signal selective refraction region 134, an optical signal selective refraction region 135, and an optical signal selective refraction region 136. The second module 200 is disposed with an optical signal reflection assembly 210 and a multiplexing lens 220, wherein the multiplexing lens 220 is disposed in an upper region of the second module 200. In this embodiment, the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 and the optical signal reflection assembly 210 are disposed in parallel and inclined to the upper right. In this embodiment, the optical signals with wavelengths λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4, λ 5 and λ 6 are respectively incident on the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 through the lens 111, the lens 112, the lens 113, the lens 114, the lens 115 and the lens 116, wherein the optical signal with wavelength λ 1 is refracted by the optical signal selective refraction area 131 on the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120 to the optical signal reflection assembly 210 and transmitted to the optical signal selective refraction area 132 through the reflection of the optical signal reflection assembly 210, the optical signal with wavelength λ 2 is refracted by the optical signal selective refraction area 132 on the reflection assembly 120 and then combined with the optical signal with wavelength λ 1 (the optical signal selective refraction area 132 reflects the optical signal with wavelength λ 1), the combined optical signals (λ 1 and λ 2) are transmitted to the optical signal selective refraction area 133 through the reflection of the optical signal reflection assembly 210, the optical signal with wavelength λ 3 is refracted by the optical signal selective refraction area 133 on the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly 120, the combined optical signals (λ 1 and λ 2) are transmitted to the optical signal selective refraction region 134 by reflection of the optical signal reflection component 210, the optical signal with wavelength λ 4 is refracted by the optical signal selective refraction region 134 on the optical signal refraction and reflection component 120, and then combined with the combined optical signals (λ 1, λ 2 and λ 3) (the optical signal selective refraction region 134 reflects the optical signal with wavelength λ 1, the optical signal with wavelength λ 2 and the optical signal with wavelength λ 3), the combined optical signals (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3 and λ 4) are transmitted to the optical signal selective refraction region 135 by reflection of the optical signal reflection component 210, and the optical signal with wavelength λ 5 is refracted by the optical signal selective refraction region 135 on the optical signal refraction and reflection component 120, the optical signal (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4) is multiplexed with the multiplexed optical signal (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4) (the optical signal at the wavelength λ 1, the optical signal at the wavelength λ 2, the optical signal at the wavelength λ 3, and the optical signal at the wavelength λ 4 are reflected by the optical signal selective refraction region 135), the multiplexed optical signal (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4, and λ 5) is transmitted to the optical signal selective refraction region 136 by reflection of the optical signal reflection member 210, the optical signal at the wavelength λ 6 is refracted by the optical signal selective refraction region 136 of the optical signal refraction and reflection member 120, and is multiplexed with the multiplexed optical signal (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4, and λ 5) (the optical signal at the wavelength λ 1, the optical signal at the wavelength λ 2, the optical signal at the wavelength λ 3, the optical signal at the wavelength λ 4, and the optical signal at the wavelength λ 5 by the optical signal selective refraction region 136), and the multiplexed optical signal (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4, and λ 5) is transmitted, λ 4, λ 5, and λ 6) are refracted to the multiplexing lens 220 on the second module 200, and then exit, and enter a subsequent transmission medium, thereby realizing wavelength division multiplexing.
The following describes a specific transmission process of an optical signal in practical use by a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention:
referring to fig. 4 and 6, the wavelength division multiplexer structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is explained in the same manner as the above-described embodiment. The combined optical signals (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4, λ 5 and λ 6) from the transmission medium are refracted from the multiplexing lens 220 on the second module 200 to the optical signal selective refraction region 136, at this time, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 6 is refracted to the lens 116 and then emitted, since the optical signal selective refraction region 136 reflects the optical signal with the wavelength λ 1, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 2, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 3, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 4 and the optical signal with the wavelength λ 5, after the combined optical signals (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4 and λ 5) are refracted to the optical signal reflection component 210, the optical signal reflection component 210 is refracted to the optical signal selective refraction region 135, at this time, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 5 is refracted to the lens 115 and then emitted, since the optical signal selective refraction region 135 reflects the optical signal with the wavelength λ 1, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 2, the optical signal with the wavelength λ 3 and the optical signal with the wavelength λ 4, therefore, the combined optical signal (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, λ 4, and λ 5) is refracted to the optical signal reflection component 210, and so on, and finally the optical signal with the wavelength λ 1 is refracted to the lens 111 and then exits. Thereby realizing wavelength division demultiplexing.
Referring to fig. 4 and 7, a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously implement wavelength division multiplexing and wavelength division demultiplexing, where what is implemented in fig. 7 is to multiplex an optical signal with a wavelength λ 1, an optical signal with a wavelength λ 2, an optical signal with a wavelength λ 3, and an optical signal with a wavelength λ 4, and demultiplex an optical signal with a wavelength λ 5 and an optical signal with a wavelength λ 6, and specific optical path transmission refers to fig. 7 and specific combinations of the two embodiments, and details thereof are not repeated herein. It is obvious that the specific implementation of a wavelength division multiplexer according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations can be made, which obviously also falls into the scope of protection of the present invention.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A wavelength division multiplexer, comprising:
the optical fiber module comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module is provided with a plurality of lenses which are respectively used for collimating or focusing a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths; the first module is also provided with an optical signal refraction and reflection assembly, the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly is provided with a plurality of optical signal selective refraction areas corresponding to the lenses, and each optical signal selective refraction area is used for refracting optical signals with different specific wavelengths and reflecting the incident optical signals with the wavelengths which are not corresponding to the optical signal selective refraction areas currently;
the second module is provided with an optical signal reflection assembly and is used for refracting the optical signals with different wavelengths; and the second module is also provided with a multiplexing lens, and the multiplexing lens is used for transmitting the optical signals with different wavelengths.
2. The wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 1, further comprising a position adjustment structure for adjusting the relative positions of the optical signal refracting and reflecting components and the optical signal reflecting components.
3. The wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 2, wherein the position adjustment structure includes a first adjustment assembly disposed to the first die set, a second adjustment assembly disposed to the second die set, and an adjustment spring disposed between the first adjustment assembly and the second adjustment assembly.
4. The wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 3, wherein the first adjustment assembly comprises a first adjustment knob, the second adjustment assembly is a second adjustment knob, and the adjustment spring is deformed by the first adjustment knob and the second adjustment knob to adjust the relative positions of the optical signal refraction and reflection assembly and the optical signal reflection assembly.
5. The wavelength division multiplexer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of lenses are arranged in an array configuration on the first die set.
6. The wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of lenses comprises 6 lenses, the 6 lenses being arranged in 6 rows and 1 columns on the first die set.
7. The wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of optical signal selective refraction regions comprises 6 optical signal selective refraction regions, and the 6 optical signal selective refraction regions respectively refract optical signals with different specific wavelengths and reflect incident optical signals with wavelengths not corresponding to the optical signal selective refraction regions.
8. The wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the functions performed by the plurality of optical signal selective refraction regions are performed by plating and attaching filters.
9. The wavelength division multiplexer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first module and the second module are detachably fixed in combination.
10. The wavelength division multiplexer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the multiplexing lens is disposed in an upper region of the second module.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210170759.9A CN114442232A (en) | 2022-02-23 | 2022-02-23 | Wavelength division multiplexer |
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| CN202210170759.9A CN114442232A (en) | 2022-02-23 | 2022-02-23 | Wavelength division multiplexer |
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| CN114442232A true CN114442232A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115267975A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-01 | 耀芯电子(浙江)有限公司 | Wavelength division multiplexer and wavelength division composite processing module |
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| CN203732758U (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-23 | 苏州旭创科技有限公司 | Wavelength division multiplexing/de-multiplexing device |
| CN104504359A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-08 | 王启云 | Laser head mechanism of scanning spear |
| CN109116474A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-01-01 | 珠海迈时光电科技有限公司 | Wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing fiber coupling mould group and its optical device |
| WO2020192526A1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-10-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Mode division multiplexer, mode division multiplexing system, de-multiplexing system, and communication system |
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- 2022-02-23 CN CN202210170759.9A patent/CN114442232A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203732758U (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-23 | 苏州旭创科技有限公司 | Wavelength division multiplexing/de-multiplexing device |
| CN104504359A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-08 | 王启云 | Laser head mechanism of scanning spear |
| CN109116474A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-01-01 | 珠海迈时光电科技有限公司 | Wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing fiber coupling mould group and its optical device |
| WO2020192526A1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-10-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Mode division multiplexer, mode division multiplexing system, de-multiplexing system, and communication system |
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| CN115267975A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-01 | 耀芯电子(浙江)有限公司 | Wavelength division multiplexer and wavelength division composite processing module |
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Application publication date: 20220506 |