CN114441045B - Method for accurately measuring radiation temperature - Google Patents
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0003—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiant heat transfer of samples, e.g. emittance meter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
- G01J5/041—Mountings in enclosures or in a particular environment
- G01J5/045—Sealings; Vacuum enclosures; Encapsulated packages; Wafer bonding structures; Getter arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/06—Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of infrared radiation temperature test, and relates to a method for accurately measuring radiation temperature. The invention can always calculate the radiation temperature of the object to be measured by using the known conditions without changing the background environment based on the same radiation energy of other objects received by the object at the same position with the same background and the same atmospheric radiation energy at the position; in order to reduce the influence of an external heat source on the radiation temperature of the object to be tested, the object to be tested is further wrapped by adopting a heat insulating material. The radiation temperature of the object to be measured is calculated by measuring the radiation temperature of the reference object to obtain the radiation energy which can be received by any object at a certain position and the atmospheric radiation energy, and the calculation result is used as a reference to calculate the radiation temperature of the object to be measured with high accuracy. The infrared detection device is simple in device, convenient to operate and low in cost, can promote the development of infrared detection technology and infrared camouflage technology, and has guiding significance on the design of an infrared camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of infrared radiation temperature test, and relates to a method for accurately measuring radiation temperature.
Background
The infrared radiation temperature measurement technology has important application in the directions of infrared radiation cooling, infrared wave absorbing materials, infrared thermal imaging technology and the like. In the scientific research process, the infrared camera is always used for detecting the radiation temperature of the object, but the radiation temperature of the object is quantitatively calculated by a few people, and the main reason is that when the infrared camera is used for detection, the energy received by the camera is interfered by the external environment, that is, the radiation energy detected by the camera is always inaccurate, so that the radiation temperature cannot be calculated simply by using the still-boltzmann law.
In order to accurately calculate the radiation temperature, the current high-precision infrared camera realizes radiation temperature measurement by setting important parameters such as emissivity, atmospheric transmissivity, atmospheric temperature and the like; however, some parameters in the real test are difficult to obtain, and in any case, the influence factor of external reflection cannot be eliminated, and besides, the high-precision camera is high in price and maintenance cost. How to accurately obtain the radiation temperature of a sample to be measured using simple equipment faces dilemma.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects, the invention provides a method for accurately measuring the radiation temperature, which aims at solving the problems of high cost and relatively insufficient precision faced by the existing high-precision radiation temperature measurement. According to the invention, the heat insulation material (such as aluminum foil on the outer side and heat insulation rubber-plastic cotton on the inner side) is selected to wrap the object to be detected, so that the influence of an external heat source on the radiation temperature of the object to be detected is reduced as much as possible; then selecting a fully-emitted black body and a fully-reflected gold foil as reference objects, respectively measuring the radiation temperatures of the black body and the gold foil under the environment of a sample to be measured, calculating to obtain the atmospheric radiation energy at the position and the energy received by the object to be measured from the surrounding environment, and calculating and solving the radiation temperature of the object to be measured by combining the measurement results of the reference objects when the object to be measured is measured at the position.
A method for accurately measuring radiation temperature comprises the following specific operation processes:
step 1, placing a heat insulating material under the environment of an object to be measured to wrap the object to be measured, leaving only one shooting window, placing a blackbody (emissivity is approximately equal to 1) at the inner side of a wrapping cavity of the heat insulating material, placing an infrared camera at the shooting window (such as right above a sample), and measuring the radiation temperature T of the blackbody on the sample at the moment 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The black body was replaced with gold foil, and the radiation temperature T of the gold foil (emissivity approximately equal to 0) was measured in the same manner 2 。
And 2, placing the object to be tested at the same test position as the black body in the step 1, keeping the position of the camera in the step 1 unchanged, and measuring the radiation temperature of the camera.
Step 3, utilizing an infrared camera formula and a still-boltzmann law:
E(T rad )＝ε eff ，τE(T obj )+(1-a eff )τE(T sur )-(1-τ)E(T atm ) (1)
E(T)＝gσT 4 (2)
wherein E (T) in formula 1 rad ) Is the radiant energy epsilon received by the infrared camera eff The equivalent emissivity of the object to be measured is 8-14 mu m, and the tau atmospheric transmittance is generally 0.95; e (T) obj ) Is the radiant energy of the object to be measured per se, a eff Is that the equivalent absorptivity of the object to be measured in the whole wave band is approximately equal to epsilon eff ，E(T sur ) Is the energy reflected from the surrounding environment, E (T atm ) Is the radiant energy of the atmosphere in the test environment.
Equation 2 is the Stefan-Boltzmann law, E (T) is the radiant energy of the object, ε is the emissivity, σ is the Stefan constant, which is 5.670373 ×10 -8 W·m -2 ·K -4 T is the object temperature.
Equation 3 is derived using equations 1 and 2.
The emissivity of a blackbody is 1 and the reflectivity is 0, so the measured radiation temperature of a blackbody is expressed as:
at this time the blackbody temperature is equal to the atmospheric temperature T obj ＝T atm Therefore, it is obtained:
T atm ＝T 1 (5)
the reflectivity of the gold foil can be regarded as 1, and the radiation and absorptivity can both be regarded as 0, so the radiation temperature of the gold foil measured by the infrared camera is expressed as:
so that:
step 4, calculating the result T according to the step 3 atm 、T sur And the equivalent emissivity E of the sample which has been measured eff Solving by using the formula 1 to obtain the radiation temperature T of the object to be measured rad 。
Furthermore, the outer side of the heat insulation material is made of metal, and the inner side of the heat insulation material is made of heat insulation material, so that the influence of an external heat source on the radiation temperature of an object to be detected is reduced to the greatest extent.
Further, the outer side of the heat insulating material is aluminum foil, and the inner side of the heat insulating material is heat insulating rubber plastic cotton.
Further, the said
The invention can calculate the radiation temperature of the object to be measured by using the known conditions all the time without changing the background environment based on the same background, the radiation energy of other objects received by the object at the same position and the same atmospheric radiation energy at the position. In order to reduce the influence of an external heat source on the radiation temperature of the object to be tested, the object to be tested is further wrapped by adopting a heat insulating material. The radiation energy received by the infrared camera is fully utilized and can be uniformly classified into three categories of self radiation, external reflection and atmospheric radiation, the radiation energy which can be received by any object at a certain position and the atmospheric radiation energy are obtained through the radiation temperature calculation of a measured object (a blackbody and a gold foil), the radiation temperature of the measured object is calculated by taking the calculation result as a reference, and the accuracy is high.
In summary, the invention fully utilizes the principle of the infrared camera, combines the measured values of the object to be measured by adopting two reference objects, and finally and accurately calculates the radiant energy of the object to be measured, thereby being capable of promoting the development of infrared detection technology and infrared camouflage technology and having guiding significance on the design of the infrared camera. The device used in the invention is simple, convenient to operate and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the change of the equivalent emissivity of an object to be measured with temperature;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a cylindrical insulation material;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a cylindrical insulation material;
FIG. 4 is the radiant temperature of aluminum foil and black body measured on laboratory floors for the examples;
fig. 5 is a comparison of calculated radiation temperature and measured radiation temperature.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The embodiment adopts the phase change material VO 2 As an object to be measured, firstly, infrared spectrums of the object to be measured at different temperatures are measured by using a fourier spectrometer and a lincoln heat table, and then, the equivalent emissivity of the object to be measured is calculated, so that the equivalent emissivity of the object to be measured at different temperatures is shown in fig. 1. The outside of the used heat insulating material is aluminum foil, and the inside is heat insulating rubber plastic cotton.
A method for accurately measuring radiation temperature comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, placing a cylindrical heat insulating material on a laboratory floor, wherein a front view and a top view of the cylindrical heat insulating material are respectively shown as fig. 2 and 3, placing a black body inside the cylinder, placing an infrared camera above a sample, and measuring that the radiation temperature of the black body on the sample is 20.1 ℃ at the moment, namely 293.25K. The radiation temperature of the gold foil was calculated to be 30℃in the same manner, namely 303.15K. The infrared camera test results are shown in fig. 4.
And step 2, placing the sample to be tested at the same test position as that of the step 1, keeping the position of the camera in the step 1 unchanged, and measuring the radiation temperature of the sample to be tested.
Step 3, utilizing an infrared camera formula and a still-boltzmann law:
E(T rad )＝ε eff *τE(T obj )+(1-a eff )τE(T sur )-(1-τ)E(T atm ) (1)
E(T)＝εσT 4 (2)
wherein E (T) rad ) Is the radiant energy received by the infrared camera, E eff The equivalent emissivity of the sample is 8-14 mu m, and the tau atmospheric transmittance is generally 0.95; e (T) obj ) Is the radiant energy of the sample itself, a eff Is that the equivalent absorptivity of the sample in the whole wave band is approximately equal to epsilon eff ，E(T sur ) Is the energy reflected from the surrounding environment, E (T atm ) Is the radiant energy of the atmosphere in the test environment.
Equation 2 is the Stefan-Boltzmann law, E (T) is the radiant energy of the object, ε is the emissivity, σ is a constant, and its value is 5.670373×10 -8 W·m -2 ·K -4 T is the object temperature.
Equation 3 can be derived using equations 1 and 2.
The emissivity of a blackbody is 1, the reflectivity is 0, and the measured radiation temperature is expressed as:
at this time the blackbody temperature is equal to the atmospheric temperature T obj ＝T atm Therefore, it is obtained:
T atm ＝T 1 ＝293.25K (5)
the reflectivity of the gold foil can be regarded as 1, and the radiation and absorptivity can be regarded as 0, so the radiation temperature measured by the infrared camera
So that:
step 4, calculating the result T according to the step 3 atm 、T sur And the equivalent emissivity epsilon of the sample that has been measured eff Using the formula1 calculating the radiation temperature T of the sample rad 。
The radiation temperature calculated by the sample to be measured under different emissivity is compared with the radiation temperature obtained by actual measurement, and the radiation temperature is manufactured into a graph 5.
As can be seen by the above examples: the radiation temperature obtained using the method of the invention remains substantially the same as the actual measured radiation temperature even if the temperature of the sample itself is constantly changing. The method has high accuracy, the device is simple and easy to manufacture, the operation is convenient, the accuracy requirement on the infrared camera is low, and the calculation method is suitable for various external environments. The radiation temperature of any object (the embodiment is still effective as a phase change material) can be calculated by using the method of the invention. The radiation temperature of the object calculated in the examples is substantially the same as the radiation temperature actually tested with the infrared camera, given the tolerance, sufficiently to demonstrate that the radiation temperature obtained with the method of the invention is accurate.
Claims (4)
1. A method for accurately measuring radiation temperature, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, placing a heat insulating material in an environment where an object to be measured is located to wrap the object to be measured, leaving only one shooting window, placing a blackbody at the inner side of a wrapping cavity of the heat insulating material, placing an infrared camera at the shooting window, and measuring the radiation temperature T of the blackbody on a sample at the moment 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The black body is replaced by gold foil, and the radiation temperature T of the gold foil is measured in the same way 2 ；
Step 2, placing the object to be tested at the same test position as the black body in the step 1, keeping the position of the camera in the step 1 unchanged, and measuring the radiation temperature of the camera;
and 3, utilizing an infrared camera formula and a Stefan Boltzmann law:
E(T rad )＝ε eff *τE(T obj )+(1-a eff )τE(T sur )-(1-τ)E(T atm ) (1)
E(T)＝εσT 4 (2)
E(T rad ) Is the radiant energy epsilon received by the infrared camera eff Is the equivalent emissivity of the object to be measured at 8-14 mu m, and the tau atmospheric transmissivity; e (T) obj ) Is the radiant energy of the object to be measured per se, a eff Is that the equivalent absorptivity of the object to be measured in the whole wave band is approximately equal to epsilon eff ，E(T sur ) Is the energy reflected from the surrounding environment, E (T atm ) Is the radiant energy of the atmosphere in the test environment;
equation (2) is the Stefan Boltzmann law, E (T) is the radiant energy of the object, ε is the emissivity, σ is the Stefan constant, which is 5.670373 ×10 -8 W·m -2 ·K -4 T is the object temperature;
deriving equation 3 using equations 1 and 2;
the emissivity of a blackbody is 1 and the reflectivity is 0, so the measured radiation temperature of a blackbody is expressed as:
at this time the blackbody temperature is equal to the atmospheric temperature T obj ＝T atm Therefore, it is obtained:
T atm ＝T 1 (5)
the reflectivity of the gold foil is regarded as 1, the radiation and the absorptivity are both regarded as 0, and the radiation temperature of the gold foil measured by the infrared camera is expressed as:
so that:
step 4, calculating the result T according to the step 3 atm 、T sur And the equivalent emissivity E of the sample which has been measured eff Solving by using the formula 1 to obtain the radiation temperature T of the object to be measured rad 。
2. A method of accurately measuring radiation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the heat insulation material is metal, and the inner side of the heat insulation material is heat insulation material.
3. A method of accurately measuring radiation temperature as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outside of the heat insulating material is aluminum foil, and the inside is heat insulating rubber plastic cotton.
4. A method of accurately measuring radiation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the object to be measured is a phase change material.
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| 黑体红外波段辐射亮度响应的通用公式;崔双龙;孙博君;孙晓刚;;光谱学与光谱分析;第40卷(第05期);1329-1333 * |
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