CN114439098A

CN114439098A - Grate and method for producing a grate

Info

Publication number: CN114439098A
Application number: CN202111306250.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马丁·巴尔奇; 斯特凡·迈尔; 马克·舍恩罗克; 阿妮塔·科希克; 托尔斯滕·维克曼
Original assignee: Arco Arman Europe Co ltd
Current assignee: Arco Arman Europe Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-05
Filing date: 2021-11-05
Publication date: 2022-05-06
Also published as: DK202300059Y3; EP3995639A1; DK202300059U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate (10) for a street or garden drain, comprising an interior region (13) having water outlet openings (11) and a rim region (14) surrounding the interior region (13), wherein a plurality of, in particular all, the water outlet openings (11) each have a polygonal circumferential contour, each having a center, and wherein the centers of the water outlet openings (11) are arranged in an irregular distribution in the interior region (13).

Description

Grate and method for producing a grate

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grate for a street and/or garden drain, to a shaft frame with a grate, and to a method for producing a grate.

Background

A well lid is known from EP 1031664 a 1. The manhole cover described in this document consists of a central cover portion having a centre and a thickness which varies radially from the centre according to an exponential or parabolic function. The intermediate cover portion surrounds the central cover portion and has a substantially uniform thickness. The outer support section surrounds the intermediate cover part and has a greater thickness than the intermediate cover part.

The prior art therefore has an increased material consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to save material and costs.

In particular, the object is achieved by a grate for a street or garden gutter. The grate has an interior region with a drain opening. In addition, the grate has an edge region surrounding the inner region.

The plurality of, in particular all, outlet openings each have a polygonal circumferential contour. The water outlets each have a center. The centers of the water discharge openings are irregularly distributed in the inner area.

The invention has the following advantages: the polygonal design of the outlet enables material and thus cost savings.

The grate can be a point drain grate. In the example of a point drain grate, the rim region can completely surround the interior region. The point drain grate can be provided in particular for covering a well frame, in particular complementary thereto. No connection to other grates is provided here. In this case, corresponding engagements can be provided on one side or on two opposite sides, in particular on the upper side of the grate, in order to be able to lift the dot drain grate.

The edge region can be provided as an outer support section of the grate, for example, in order to rest on the shaft frame. For example, the edge region can have no drain openings. However, the edge region can have elevations which are likewise of polygonal design. In this case, too, the centers of the elevations can be distributed irregularly on the edge. As a whole, the center of the raised portion and the center of the drain opening can be irregularly distributed together over the entire area of the grate.

This can improve the stability of the grate, for example.

The term "polygonal circumferential contour" is understood herein to mean a circumferential contour whose shape is predetermined by a polygon, i.e. a closed linear configuration in the form of a polygon having more than three angles.

In particular, the drainage openings can form a preferably asymmetrical and/or irregular polygon distributed over the inner area of the grate in a top view of the upper side and/or lower side of the grate. Likewise, the elevations can form a preferably asymmetrical and/or irregular polygon distributed over the edge region of the grate in a top view of the upper side and/or lower side of the grate. Thus, the drainage openings and the raised portions can together form a preferably asymmetrical and/or irregular polygon, which is distributed over the entire area of the grate, as seen in a top view of the upper side and/or the lower side of the grate.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described herein.

The circumferential contour of the respective polygons of a plurality, in particular all, of the drainage openings can differ from one another, in particular with regard to their shape. Preferably, the same polygon, in particular in terms of shape, appears only once on the grate.

The stability of the grate can be improved, for example, by the uneven shape.

The centers of the drain openings can be aligned in a plan view of the upper side and the lower side of the grate. The centers of the drainage openings or the polygons can preferably be distributed randomly over the inner area of the grate in a top view of the upper side and/or lower side of the grate. The polygonal circumferential contour in a plan view of the upper side of the grate can differ from the polygonal circumferential contour in a plan view of the lower side of the grate. In particular, a plurality of, for example all, outlet openings can form a funnel or widen in a preferred direction, for example from the upper side of the grate towards the lower side of the grate, in particular conically increasing.

This reduces the weight and improves the stability of the grate.

The water outlet can depict von neumoniae (Voronoi) regions in a top view of the upper side and/or the lower side of the grate. In particular, the inner region can be designed as a von neumonian map. In this case, the drain openings are von neumoniae regions, and the connection pieces between the drain openings are boundaries between the von neumoniae regions. Preferably, the boundaries between the von neumoniae regions can be delineated or constituted by a uniform connector tab width. In particular, the connecting pieces between the drainage openings have the same connecting piece width. In the case of a point drain grate, in particular, only the same web width can be provided. In this case, a segment-by-segment web width can be meant. For example, the connecting piece width on the upper side of the grate can be the same. Likewise, the connecting piece width on the underside of the grate can be the same. In this case, the connecting piece width on the upper side of the grate may differ from the connecting piece width on the lower side of the grate.

The von neumoniae region can be a decomposition of a surface or space. In this case, a preset amount of points of the face or space can be determined, which are referred to herein as the center of the drain opening. Each von neumoniae region is determined by exactly one center and includes all points of the surface or space that are closer to the center of the von neumoniae region than to any other center with respect to euclidean metrics. From all points with more than one nearest center forming a boundary of the von neumoniae area, also called levenson polygon or Dirichlet (Dirichlet) decomposition, a von neumoniae map can be formed, which boundary can be formed as described above between the drain openings or as respective connection pieces, also called ribs.

The connecting piece can have a cross section in the shape of an inverted gymnastic bar, which has a chamfer on all sides. In particular, the connecting pieces can taper from the upper side of the grate to the lower side. This allows material to be saved without compromising the load capacity.

Accordingly, the web is wider in the pressure region, i.e. in the upper side as tread surface, than in the tension region, i.e. in the lower side of the grate. In this case, the intermediate section of the respective connecting piece can be wider than the first section of the respective connecting piece and the second section of the respective connecting piece. The first section can define a section from the upper side of the grate up to the middle section. The second section can define a section from the middle section to the underside of the grate. The intermediate section can thus be a section between the first section and the second section of the respective connecting piece.

The intermediate section of the respective connecting piece can thus be located between the upper side of the grate and the lower side of the grate. In this case, the width of the respective connecting piece at the intermediate section, in particular the connecting piece width, or the width of the intermediate section, in particular the connecting piece width, can be greater than the width of the respective connecting piece at the first and/or second section, in particular the connecting piece width, or greater than the width of the first and/or second section, in particular the connecting piece width. Overall, the width of the respective web, in particular the web width, from the upper side of the grate to the lower side of the grate can increase in the first section and decrease in the second section, so that the width of the respective web, in particular the web width, is narrower at the lower side of the grate than at the upper side of the grate. In this case, the intermediate section can be understood as the reversal point between the first section and the second section.

The drain opening can be polygonal. The drain opening can have more than four corners, in particular five or six corners.

Thus, the uneven shape of the distribution of the water discharge openings can be used in various ways in the grate.

The corresponding corners and edges of the drain opening can be rounded. Likewise, the transition from the drainage opening to the upper side and/or the lower side of the grate can be formed as a bulge or a rounding. Preferably, the respective corners and edges of the drainage openings can be formed with a respective bulge or rounding at the respective transition to the upper side and/or the lower side of the grate. The projections/rounding can, for example, not extend onto the upper side and/or the lower side or beyond the upper side and/or the lower side.

Thereby being able to resist notch stresses.

The thickness of the inner region varies, preferably uniformly and in particular decreases, away from the center of the grate or away from the center of the inner region toward the edge or toward the edge region.

This enables a better distribution of the load to the grate.

In contrast to the edge region, the inner region can thus be designed to be convex or arched, i.e. to have a convex shape/arch. In particular, the dot drain grate can thus have a variable thickness in the horizontal direction from the center of the grate to the edge of the grate. In particular, a flat or flat upper side and a curved lower side of at least the inner region of the grate can be provided. This should be understood as: the upper and lower sides of at least the inner region of the grate are not parallel to each other. The drainage openings can differ from one another in at least one dimension from the inner region to the edge region, for example in their hole circumference and/or hole depth. The hole circumference and/or the hole depth can decrease from the inner region to the edge region, preferably from the center of the inner region towards the edge of the inner region, respectively.

The edge region can have a horizontal bearing surface, preferably formed in the circumferential direction of the grate, which bearing surface is intended in particular to rest on the well frame. In addition, the edge region can have vertical, preferably offset or interrupted, edging surfaces in the circumferential direction of the grate. The edging can extend in the thickness direction of the grate. In the circumferential direction of the grate, a plurality of gaps, in particular interruptions, can be present between the facing surfaces.

Dirt that has accumulated for a period of time at the edge region will be compacted so that the grate will be seated more firmly in the receptacle. The grate can therefore usually only be lifted with increased effort. To counteract this, the edge can be interrupted.

This reduces the weight and also the dirt and sand that can enter between the grate and the gutter body, in particular the well frame.

The grate can also have one or more support ribs. The support rib or ribs can extend from an inner region of the grate to an edge region of the grate, in particular to the edging surface. In this case, the support rib can be connected directly to the trim face and extend into the inner region. The support ribs can extend parallel to the upper side of the grate. Thus, the arching can be additionally supported. In particular, the support ribs can be aligned with the webs of the grate or with the webs of the inner region of the grate. In this case, the respective support rib can be aligned correspondingly with the respective connecting piece. For example, the support ribs can definitely not be arranged, for example, at the corners of the grate or on the bordering surfaces of the grate at the corners of the grate, since no stabilization is required here. In contrast, the support ribs can extend from the edge of the grate or the edge band surface of the grate at the edge of the grate into the inner region of the grate. This enables additional material savings.

The thickness of the corresponding support rib can be greater than the minimum thickness of the grate, for example in the edge region, or 1.5 or 2 times the minimum thickness of the grate. The thickness of the respective support rib can be less than the maximum thickness of the grate, for example in the center of the grate, or less than 3/4 or 1/2 of the maximum thickness of the grate, in particular in the center of the grate.

The above object is also achieved by a well frame for a street and/or garden drain, having a grate as described above.

The above object is also achieved by a method for producing a grating, preferably as described above. The method comprises the following steps: mathematical methods applied upstream of production, in particular those based on the dironi (Delaunay) algorithm. The method also includes manufacturing a casting mold based on the results of the mathematical process. The method further includes casting the molten metal into a mold. The method further includes solidifying the molten metal in the mold to provide the grate.

The invention has the following advantages: the upstream mathematical approach is accompanied by weight savings, material savings and the resulting cost savings.

Advantageously, a von neumonian algorithm can be used as the mathematical algorithm. In particular, a lay-up (Tessalation), i.e. the subdivision of a plane into sub-planes, can be used. Based on a limited number of generated points in a two-dimensional or multidimensional space, the von neumonian algorithm is able to subdivide the space or surface into multiple regions.

A two-dimensional von neumonian region can contain all points of the face that are closer to the relevant generation point than all other generation points. Hereby, a boundary line can be created between the regions, said boundary line being created by points at the same distance from two or more of the creation points. The von neumoniae maps associated therewith can be generated more or less randomly. The generation points can be freely or randomly selected for the method. In particular, the inner region of the grate can have the shape or appearance of a von neumoniae map after manufacture. The same can be applied to the entire area of the grate.

Also, the optimum thickness of the camber can be set by applying finite element methods upstream, simultaneously with, or downstream of the mathematical method.

Thereby, even stress distribution can be achieved despite the irregular pattern created by the von neumoniae map. The deflection can also be limited primarily to the central region and distributed evenly.

A computer program is also provided. The computer program comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method or the steps of the method as described above.

A computer-readable data carrier is also provided herein. A computer program as described above can be stored on a computer-readable data carrier.

In other words, the invention relates to a grate with a biomimetic structure. In particular, the distribution of the drainage openings is or corresponds to a biomimetic structure. In bionics, methods, structures and motion processes are abstracted from nature, enabling their application in a technical sense.

By using a polygonal design of the drainage opening in the form of a biomimetic structure, the weight of the grate can be reduced to about 70% of a common grate of the same size. This means that: the biomimetic structure brings about material savings and thus also cost savings.

Even though some of the above aspects are described with respect to grates, these aspects can be applied to well frames and methods. Likewise, the aspects described above with respect to the method can be applied in a corresponding manner to the grate and the well frame.

Drawings

The invention is explained in detail according to embodiments with reference to the enclosed schematic drawings. In which are shown:

FIG. 1 shows a spatial view of a point drain grate;

FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a point drain grate;

FIG. 3 shows a top view of the upper side of the point drain grate;

FIG. 4 shows a side view of a point drain grate; and

fig. 5 shows a plan view of the underside of the point drain grate.

Detailed Description

The point drain grate 10 forms an example of a grate as generally described herein. Accordingly, some of the aspects described below with respect to the point drain grate 10 can also be generally applied to grates. Fig. 1 to 5 schematically show different views of a point drain grate 10.

In fig. 1 to 5, the dot drain grate 10 is shown in the basic shape of a square. Other shapes, such as rectangular or circular, are equally feasible. In particular, the point drain grate 10 is designed for a street drain or a garden drain and can be used in a corresponding well frame itself.

For this purpose, the point drain grate 10 has rims which are offset inwardly from the edge of the point drain grate 10 in each case complementary to the shaft frame and are arranged in a ring-shaped manner in the circumferential direction of the point drain grate 10. The selvedges project vertically from the underside of the point drain grate 10, see fig. 1, 2 and 4.

The rims have corresponding rim faces 12, which are spaced apart from one another in order to prevent dirt from entering from the outside and to simplify the lifting of the point drain grate 10 from the shaft frame. The edge surfaces 12 are arranged distributed along the edge region 14. For example, the bordering surfaces 12 have approximately the same distance from one another, also referred to as a gap, and preferably extend along the edge region 14, i.e. in the circumferential direction of the point drain grate 10. The gap between the bordering surfaces 12 can also be greater than 0.5 or 1 times the dimension, i.e. the length or width, of one of the bordering surfaces 12, for example.

The punctiform drain grate 10 has essentially two regions, namely an inner region 13 with a drain opening 11 and a rim region 14 which surrounds and delimits the inner region, the rim region 14 being able to be regarded as closed. Thus, the dot drain grate 10 can be formed of the two

regions

13 and 14.

The water outlet 11 in the inner region 13 is of a biomimetic construction and has a polygonal circumferential contour in each case. The polygons so formed together form a so-called von neumonian map, see fig. 3. In this case, the polygon is distributed over the interior region 13 in the form of the drainage opening 11.

The von neumoniae map can be created mathematically prior to production of the grate. Thus, the von neumoniae map is used for preparation for manufacturing the dot drain grate 10. For this reason, the center of the von neumoniae region forming the von neumoniae map can be arbitrarily determined. This can be achieved via a stochastic algorithm. In this way, the center can be determined randomly or freely before the algorithm associated therewith is executed. The mathematical method can comprise a dironey triangulation in which corresponding von neumoniae maps are formed.

The method, particularly upstream mathematical methods, need not be limited to the interior region 13. Instead, the method can relate to the entire surface, in particular the upper and/or lower side of the dot drain grate 10, or to the entire area of the dot drain grate 10. Thus, the edge region 14 is also included in creating the von neumoniae map. In this case, a ridge portion 15 protruding from the upper side of the dot type drain grate 10 is formed instead of the drain port 11.

The drain opening 11 and the raised portion 15 are formed in a polygonal shape, particularly a pentagonal shape. In this case, the inner corners of the drain opening 11 and the outer corners of the bulge 15 are rounded, respectively, in order to avoid corresponding stresses.

As is clearly shown in fig. 2, the inner region 13 has a varying thickness over the inner region, i.e. in particular a non-constant thickness over the inner region 13. The thickness becomes smaller in the transition from the inner region 13 to the edge region 14. The different dimensions a to g are exemplarily shown in fig. 2. In this case, a is the grate thickness, b is the engagement depth, c is the first section depth, d is the engagement portion-to-engagement portion dimension, e is the ridge thickness, f is the maximum thickness of the dot drain grate 10, and g is the first dimension of one of the engagement portions. α and β denote chamfer angles, i.e., respective cutouts for the joint portion (α) and the drain opening (β). The chamfer angles α and β can be approximately 15 °, 20 ° or 25 °, respectively, or have values in between, i.e. between 15 ° and 20 °, between 20 ° and 25 °, or 15 ° to 25 °. Furthermore, angles of around 20 ° in the range of 17.5 ° to 22.5 ° are also possible.

Fig. 2 also illustrates how the connecting web 16 of the dot drain grate 10 extends conically downwards in the interior region 13. In the first section c, the web 16 can be slightly widened by the chamfering in the direction from the upper side to the lower side of the dot drain grate 10. The connecting web 16 tapers down to the underside of the point drain grate 10.

Furthermore, the point drain grate 10 has the same connecting strip width forming the boundary between von neumo regions, as symbolically depicted by the numerals in fig. 3. This applies to the upper and lower sides. In this case, the connecting piece width on the upper side is different from the connecting piece width on the lower side.

Fig. 4 further shows a side view of the point drain grate 10. In this case, an exemplary chamfer angle μ of the edge of the dot drain grate 10 is shown₁Chamfering angle mu of the edge surface 12 at the edge of the point drain grate 10₂And chamfered angle mu of the edge surface at the corner of the point drain grate 10₃. Angle of chamfering mu₁、μ₂And mu₃Can be around 15 °, 20 ° or 25 °, respectively, or have a value in between, i.e. between 15 ° and 20 °, between 20 ° and 25 °, or 15 ° to 25 °. Furthermore, angles of around 20 ° in the range of 17.5 ° to 22.5 ° are also possible.

In a further additional or supplementary embodiment, the point drain grate 10 can have further elements. For this purpose, fig. 5 shows a plan view of the underside of the dot drain grate 10.

In fig. 5, the dot drain grate 10 has support ribs 17. The support ribs 17 have the function of supporting the domes in the inner region 13. In this case, the support ribs 17 are aligned with the connecting pieces 16, see fig. 5. In particular, the support ribs 17 can extend from the bordering surfaces 12 arranged on the edges of the grate into the inner region.

The support rib 17 thus forms a uniform transition from the trim face 12 to the connecting piece 16. In this case, the support 17 can have a constant thickness over its length. Preferably, the support ribs 17 are formed parallel to the upper side of the dotted drain grate 10. Similar to the arrangement of the connecting webs 16, the support ribs 17 can be arranged in a random manner away from the bordering surface 12 toward the inner region 13 of the dot drain grate 10.

In general, it should be pointed out that a grate with water outlet openings in the form of a bionic structure in respect of von neumoniae, in particular as a point drain grate 10 according to fig. 1 to 5, results in considerable material savings.

This can reduce the cost of the grate.

At this point it should be pointed out that all the parts described above, both individually and in any combination, and in particular the details shown in the figures, claim the inventive step. Variations thereof are well known to those skilled in the art.

List of reference numerals

10-point drainage ditch grate

11 drainage outlet

12 edging surface

13 inner region

14 edge region

15 raised part

16 connecting sheet

17 support rib

Claims

1. A grate (10) for a street or garden drain, having an interior region (13) with a drain opening (11) and a rim region (14) surrounding the interior region (13),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a plurality of, in particular all, water outlet openings (11) each have a polygonal circumferential contour, each having a center, and the centers of the water outlet openings (11) are arranged in an irregularly distributed manner in the inner region (13).

2. Grate (10) according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the respective polygonal circumferential profiles of the plurality of water discharge ports (11) are different from each other.

3. Grate (10) according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the centers of the water discharge openings (11) are aligned in a top view of the upper side and the lower side of the grate (10).

4. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the water outlet (11) forms a von neumoniae region in a plan view of the upper side and/or the lower side of the grate (10).

5. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the connecting pieces between the water outlets have the same connecting piece width.

6. Grate (10) according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the connecting piece is shaped as an inverted gymnastic bar with a cross section having a chamfer on all sides.

7. Grate (10) according to claim 5 or 6,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the grate has one or more support ribs which extend from an inner region of the grate to an edge region of the grate and are aligned with the connecting webs.

8. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the drain opening (11) is formed in a polygonal shape, and the drain opening (11) has more than four corners.

9. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the respective corners of the drain opening (11) are rounded.

10. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the thickness of the inner region (13) varies away from the center of the grate (10) or away from the center of the inner region (13) towards the edge or the edge region (14).

11. Grate (10) according to claim 10,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the thickness becomes smaller uniformly from the center of the inner region (13) toward the edge of the inner region (13).

12. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the inner area (13) of the grate (10) has a convex shape.

13. Grate (10) according to one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the edge region (14) has a horizontal support surface and vertical bordering surfaces (12), the bordering surfaces (12) extending in the thickness direction of the grate (10), and a plurality of gaps being present between the bordering surfaces (12) in the circumferential direction of the grate (10).

14. A well frame for a street and/or garden drain, the well frame having a grate (10) according to any preceding claim.

15. Method for producing a grate (10), preferably a grate (10) according to one of claims 1 to 13,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

mathematical methods applied upstream of production, in particular those based on the dironi algorithm,

a casting mold is manufactured based on the result of the mathematical process,

casting a molten metal into the casting mold, and

solidifying the molten metal in the casting mould to provide the grate.

16. A computer program for a computer program for executing a computer program,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method or the steps of the method according to claim 15.

17. A data carrier that is readable by a computer,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

on which computer-readable data carrier a computer program according to claim 16 is stored.