CN114438549A - Metal lithium electrolytic bath - Google Patents

Metal lithium electrolytic bath Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114438549A
CN114438549A CN202011208235.1A CN202011208235A CN114438549A CN 114438549 A CN114438549 A CN 114438549A CN 202011208235 A CN202011208235 A CN 202011208235A CN 114438549 A CN114438549 A CN 114438549A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
anode
shell
cell shell
cathode
metal lithium
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Pending
Application number
CN202011208235.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杜鹏飞
刘伟
刘雅锋
刘铭
漆阳
张健
张钦菘
严波
袁广
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Shenyang Aluminium And Magnesium Engineering And Research Institute Co Ltd
China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenyang Aluminium And Magnesium Engineering And Research Institute Co Ltd
China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shenyang Aluminium And Magnesium Engineering And Research Institute Co Ltd, China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd filed Critical Shenyang Aluminium And Magnesium Engineering And Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority to CN202011208235.1A priority Critical patent/CN114438549A/en
Publication of CN114438549A publication Critical patent/CN114438549A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/02Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of alkali or alkaline earth metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/005Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrolytic cell, in particular to a metal lithium electrolytic cell. The lithium ion battery comprises a cylindrical shell, the shell is divided into an upper shell and a lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are connected through flanges, a top cover is arranged at the top of the upper shell, a feed hopper and a lithium outlet cover are arranged on the top cover, a top cover-inserted anode is arranged at the center of the shell, a cathode is arranged on the periphery of the anode, an arc-shaped current conducting plate is arranged on the periphery of the cathode, the cathode is connected with the arc-shaped current conducting plate through a steel plate, the upper part of the current conducting plate is connected with an electricity outlet plate, the electricity outlet plate penetrates out of a side shell of the upper shell, and a smoke tube is arranged on the side shell of the upper shell. The invention has the advantages and effects that: according to the invention, the anode and the cathode are inserted from the upper part, and the insulating device is arranged between the anode and the cathode, so that the installation, maintenance and operation are simple and convenient, and the risk of groove leakage in the production process is greatly reduced.

Description

Metal lithium electrolytic bath
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrolytic cell, in particular to a metal lithium electrolytic cell.
Background
The existing methods for producing the metal lithium comprise a molten salt electrolysis method and a vacuum thermal reduction method, wherein the electrolysis method takes potassium chloride-lithium chloride as electrolyte to produce the metal lithium by electrolysis at the temperature of 400-450 ℃, and the potassium chloride plays roles of stabilizing, cooling and conducting in molten salt. The vacuum thermal reduction method may be classified into a hydrothermal reduction method, a carbothermic reduction method, an aluminothermic reduction method, and a silicothermic reduction method according to the difference of the reducing agent. However, because the thermal reduction method has high reaction temperature, difficult reaction control and high production cost, the vacuum reduction method is still in the laboratory research stage at present, and the molten salt electrolysis method is the only industrialized method for producing the metal lithium.
The electrolytic cell generally consists of a cell body, a cell cover, a cathode and an anode, and can be divided into a downward-inserting type electrolytic cell and an upward-inserting type electrolytic cell according to the different modes of inserting the anode into the electrolyte. Insert formula electrolysis trough positive pole graphite submergence under electrolyte liquid level, graphite and air are isolated, and the life-span is longer, and the electrolysis trough is low at operation in-process fault rate, but this electrolysis trough structure is complicated, and the cost of manufacture is higher, and because of graphite changes the difficulty and lead to the cell body to scrap very fast. Relatively speaking, the upper-inserting type electrolytic cell has simple structure, lower manufacturing cost and convenient anode replacement. In addition, before the production of the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte needs to be heated to a molten state, the cell chamber and the anode need to be subjected to preheating treatment, and the production needs to be carried out by direct current. Meanwhile, in the electrolysis process, the risk of open circuit of the electrolytic cell caused by insufficient heat input, cooling of the cell body and over-thick electrolyte crust may be generated. According to the invention, through the form of the double anodes, before production and under the condition of insufficient heat input, alternating currents of different phases are respectively conducted on the double anodes to preheat the anodes and the electrolytic cell chamber in advance, the defect of insufficient heat in the production process can be overcome, and the stable production is ensured.
In summary, in combination with the existing electrolytic cell form and practical production needs, it is necessary to develop a metal lithium electrolytic cell with simple structure, simple and convenient anode replacement, complete starting and preheating functions of the electrolytic cell, stable production process and simple and convenient manufacturing and installation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a metal lithium electrolytic cell for solving the technical problems, and aims to overcome the defects of the existing electrolytic cell in structure and function, so that the metal lithium electrolytic cell is simple in structure and complete in function.
In order to achieve the purpose, the metal lithium electrolytic cell comprises a cylindrical cell shell, wherein the cell shell is divided into an upper cell shell and a lower cell shell, the upper cell shell and the lower cell shell are connected through a flange, a top cover is arranged at the top of the upper cell shell, a feed hopper and a lithium discharging cover are arranged on the top cover, an anode inserted from the top cover is arranged at the center of the cell shell, a cathode is arranged at the periphery of the anode, an arc-shaped current conducting plate is arranged at the periphery of the cathode, the cathode is connected with the arc-shaped current conducting plate through a steel plate, the upper part of the current conducting plate is connected with a power discharging plate, the power discharging plate penetrates out of a side shell of the upper cell shell, and a smoke tube is arranged on the side shell of the upper cell shell.
The positive pole be two semicylinders cylinders together, be equipped with the slot on the cambered surface of every semicylinder, the slot begins from the bottom surface of positive pole, to exposing the liquid level of electrolyte, the negative pole is the ring form, the height that highly is greater than the steel sheet of negative pole, wherein the steel sheet is 4~16, the arc current conducting plate is two, use the positive pole to set up as central symmetry, positive pole and negative pole bottom surface are apart from the cell shell bottom surface down and are 100~500mm, the high ratio of last cell shell and lower cell shell is 1: 4.
the concentricity between the anode and the cathode is kept to be 0.5mm, the polar distance between the cathode and the anode is 4-8 cm, the anode is made of graphite chloride, the resistivity is below 8.5 mu omega.m, and the roughness of the anode surface is below 2.5. In order to facilitate the sufficient convection of electrolyte in the lithium electrolytic cell, four square holes and two rectangular holes are formed on the circumference of the cathode, the size of each square hole is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the size of each rectangular hole is 330 mm multiplied by 40 mm.
The width of each groove is 15-30 mm, the depth of each groove is 10-15 mm, the height of each groove is 600-840 mm, and the number of the grooves on each semi-cylindrical cambered surface is 1-3.
The top of the anode is connected with two clamping plates, one ends of the two clamping plates are respectively fixed in two grooves of one insulating device, the other ends of the two clamping plates are respectively fixed in two grooves of the other insulating device, the two insulating devices are fixed on the top cover, and the two clamping plates are arranged in parallel.
The top of the anode is provided with a round hole of 4-phi 24mm, the round hole is fixed with a clamping plate through a bolt, the clamping plate is a copper plate made of C10200, and two sides of the two clamping plates are respectively provided with a power connection hole of 4-phi 24 mm. During production start and actual production, alternating current can be conducted between the two anodes, the anodes and the cell chamber are preheated by using joule heat generated by the alternating current, the solid electrolyte is heated and melted, and meanwhile, the alternating current is used for heating under the condition that the heat of the electrolytic cell is insufficient.
In order to ensure the operation safety in the production process, an insulating device is arranged between each conducting device and the cell shell. An insulating device is arranged between the anode and the top cover, an insulating device is arranged between the electricity outlet plate and the upper cell shell, and an insulating device is arranged between two semicylinders at the top of the anode.
The bottom surface of the lower cell shell is provided with four angle plates which are fixed on the base, and insulation devices are arranged between the four angle plates and the base.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure the heat balance of the tank temperature in the production process, the lower tank shell is provided with a ceramic fiber heat-insulating felt, the thickness of the ceramic fiber felt can be adjusted according to the heat balance of the actual tank body, and a cooling device is arranged on the periphery of the middle shell of the lower tank shell to realize bidirectional adjustment.
The insulating device is a high-temperature mica plate.
The invention has the advantages and effects that: the invention is an up-inserting anode electrolytic tank, the anode is easy to replace, when the anode of the electrolytic tank needs to be replaced, the power supply is cut off, all the parts are lifted out from the upper part of the electrolytic tank, the prepared new anode is installed back, the power supply is switched on, and the electrolytic tank can be immediately produced.
Meanwhile, an insulating device is arranged between the anode and the cathode, so that electric shock danger in the production process is avoided. Meanwhile, the anodes are arranged in a symmetrical semi-cylindrical mode, preheating treatment can be conducted on the electrolytic cell in the early stage of starting by means of the mode that the anodes are electrified with alternating current, and under the condition that heat input of the electrolytic cell is insufficient, compensation can be conducted by means of alternating current heating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention 3/4.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an anode.
In the figure: 1. a feed hopper; 2. an anode; 3. an insulating device; 4. a splint; 5. a smoke pipe; 6. discharging a lithium cover; 7. a power outlet plate; 8. a flange; 9. a cooling device; 10. ceramic fiber insulation felt; 11. a steel plate; 12. a tank shell; 13. an arc-shaped conductive plate; 14. a cathode; 15. a gusset; 16. a base; 17. a top cover; 18. a trench; 19. a bolt; 20. a power connection hole; 21. an electrolyte.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples.
As shown in figure 1, the metal lithium electrolytic cell comprises a cell shell 12, wherein the cell shell is cylindrical and is divided into an upper cell shell and a lower cell shell, the upper cell shell and the lower cell shell are connected through a flange 8, a top cover 17 is arranged at the top of the upper cell shell, a feed hopper 1 and a lithium outlet cover 6 are arranged on the top cover 17, an anode 2 inserted from the top cover is arranged at the center of the cell shell 12, a cathode 14 is arranged at the periphery of the anode 2, an arc-shaped conductive plate 13 is arranged at the periphery of the cathode 14, the cathode 14 is connected with the arc-shaped conductive plate 13 through a steel plate 11, the upper part of the conductive plate 13 is connected with an electricity outlet plate 7, the electricity outlet plate 7 penetrates out of a side shell of the upper cell shell, and a smoke tube 5 is arranged on the side shell of the upper cell shell.
Anode 2 be two semicylinders anode group together, be equipped with the slot on the cambered surface of every semicylinder, the slot begins from the bottom surface of positive pole, to exposing the liquid level of electrolyte, negative pole 14 is the ring form, negative pole 14 highly is greater than steel sheet 11's height, steel sheet 11 is 4~16 pieces, positive pole 2 and negative pole 14 bottom surfaces are 100~500mm apart from lower pot shell bottom surface distance, the arc current conducting plate is two, use the positive pole to set up as central symmetry, the high ratio of last pot shell and lower pot shell is 1: 4.
the concentricity between the anode 2 and the cathode 14 is kept to be 0.5mm, the polar distance between the cathode 14 and the anode 2 is 4-8 cm, the anode 2 is made of graphite chloride, the resistivity is below 8.5 mu omega.m, in order to ensure that the contact voltage drop is small enough, the roughness of the anode electrode surface is below 2.5, four square holes and two rectangular holes are arranged on the circumference of the cathode, the size of each square hole is 20 multiplied by 20mm, the size of each rectangular hole is 330 multiplied by 40mm, and the two anodes are connected through bolts and kept insulated. So as to ensure the fluidity of the molten electrolyte in the electrolytic production process and provide space for the full flow of the electrolytic bath.
The width of each groove is 18 mm to 30mm, the depth of each groove is 10 mm to 15mm, the height of each groove is 600 mm to 840mm, and the number of the grooves in each semi-cylindrical cambered surface is 1 mm to 3.
The top of the anode 2 is connected with two clamping plates 4, the two clamping plates 4 are arranged, one ends of the two clamping plates 4 are respectively fixed in two grooves of one insulating device 3, the other ends of the two clamping plates 4 are respectively fixed in two grooves of the other insulating device 3, the two insulating devices 3 are fixed on the top cover, and the two clamping plates are arranged in parallel.
The top of the anode 2 is provided with a round hole with a diameter of 4-phi 24mm, the round hole at the top of the anode is fixed with the clamping plate 4 by a bolt 19, the clamping plate is a copper plate made of C10200, and two sides of the two clamping plates 4 are respectively provided with a power connection hole 20 with a diameter of 4-phi 24 mm.
And an insulating device 3 is arranged between the anode 2 and the top cover, the insulating device 3 is arranged between the power outlet plate 7 and the upper cell shell, and the insulating device 3 is arranged between two semi-cylinders at the top of the anode 2.
Four angle plates 15 are arranged on the bottom surface of the lower tank shell, the four angle plates 15 are fixed on a base 16, and an insulating device 3 is arranged between the four angle plates 15 and the base 16.
The lower cell shell on be equipped with ceramic fiber heat preservation felt 10~100mm, be equipped with cooling device 9 in the middle part shell periphery of lower cell shell.
The insulating device 3 is a high-temperature mica plate.
The cell shell of the invention is one of the most basic structural members of the whole electrolytic cell. The steel plate is rolled into a cylinder shape by a plate rolling machine, the lower part of the steel plate is welded with the bottom surface, four angle plates are welded on the periphery of the bottom surface, and round holes with the diameter of 32mm are formed in the angle plates so as to be connected with a base by bolts to ensure that the steel plate is kept in a stable state in the production process of the electrolytic cell.
Meanwhile, considering that the tank shell is made of steel and the heat loss is fast, the invention selects the ceramic fiber felt for heat preservation to prevent the problems of over-thick crusting and blocked feeding caused by over-low temperature of the electrolytic tank.
In order to ensure the sealing performance of the whole tank shell, the assembled tank shell is subjected to a water filling test, and leakage cannot occur within 2 hours.
The anode of the electrolytic cell is a graphite chloride anode. Unlike other metals, the temperature coefficient of resistance of graphite is negative, and graphite has good conductivity, and when the temperature is close to absolute zero, only a few free electrons of graphite act as insulators, and the conductivity of graphite increases with the increase of temperature. Graphite does not melt at the process temperature range of lithium cell production, and in air, graphite can resist temperature up to 750K (about 447 ℃).
The two semi-cylindrical graphite electrodes are symmetrically arranged, and the solid electrolyte 21 needs to be heated to a molten state in the preparation process of electrolysis production. At the moment, the graphite anodes are symmetrically arranged, each half anode can be connected with alternating current, and a current loop is formed by the characteristic that the positive and negative of the alternating current are constantly changed and the solid electrolyte put in the cell shell, so that the solid electrolyte is heated, the anode, the cell chamber and the molten electrolyte can be preheated by the emitted joule heat, the electrolytic cell can be normally produced, and the defect of insufficient heat in production can be overcome. Meanwhile, the anode effect is often generated in the electrolytic production process, and bubbles are generated on the surface of the anode, and the bubbles increase the pressure drop of the electrolytic cell, so that the current efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the anode grooving process can make the bubbles attached to the surface of the anode move upwards along the slotted hole under the action of buoyancy until the surface of the electrolytic bath is broken. The anode slotting treatment can reduce the adverse effect of the anode effect on the electrolytic production and improve the current efficiency.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a metal lithium electrolytic cell, including the cell shell, its characterized in that cell shell is the cylinder, the cell shell divide into cell shell and lower cell shell, go up the cell shell and pass through flange joint with lower cell shell, the top of going up the cell shell is equipped with the top cap, be equipped with the feeder hopper on the top cap and go out the lithium lid, be equipped with from top cap male positive pole at the center of cell shell, the positive pole periphery is equipped with the negative pole, the negative pole periphery is equipped with the arc current conducting plate, the negative pole passes through the steel sheet and is connected with the arc current conducting plate, the upper portion and the play electroplax of current conducting plate are connected, it wears out from the side casing of last cell shell to go out the electroplax, be equipped with the tobacco pipe on the side casing of last cell shell.
2. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode is a cylinder formed by two semicylinders, a groove is formed in the arc surface of each semicylinder, the groove starts from the bottom surface of the anode to the liquid level of the exposed electrolyte, the cathode is in the form of 3/4 circular rings, the height of the cathode is greater than that of a steel plate, the steel plate is 4-16, the distance between the bottom surfaces of the anode and the cathode and the bottom surface of a lower cell shell is 100-500 mm, the two arc-shaped conductive plates are symmetrically arranged by taking the anode as a center, and the height ratio of the upper cell shell to the lower cell shell is 1: 4.
3. the metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 2, wherein the concentricity between the anode and the cathode is maintained at 0.5mm, the polar distance between the cathode and the anode is 4-8 cm, the anode is made of graphite chloride, the resistivity is below 8.5 μ Ω · m, the surface roughness of the anode is below 2.5, four square holes and two rectangular holes are formed on the circumference of the cathode, the square holes are 20 × 20mm, the rectangular holes are 330 × 40mm, and the two anodes are connected by bolts and are kept insulated.
4. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 2, wherein the width of each groove is 15-30 mm, the depth of each groove is 10-15 mm, the height of each groove is 600-840 mm, and the number of the grooves on each semi-cylindrical arc surface is 1-3.
5. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 3, wherein the anode top is connected to two clamping plates, one end of each clamping plate is fixed in each of the two grooves of one of the insulating devices, the other end of each clamping plate is fixed in each of the two grooves of the other of the insulating devices, the two insulating devices are fixed on the top cover, and the two clamping plates are arranged in parallel.
6. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 5, wherein the top of the anode is provided with a 4-phi 24mm round hole, the round hole at the top of the anode is fixed with a clamping plate by a bolt, the clamping plate is a copper plate, the copper plate is made of C10200, and two sides of the two clamping plates are respectively provided with a 4-phi 24mm electric connection hole.
7. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein an insulating device is arranged between the anode and the top cover, an insulating device is arranged between the power output plate and the upper cell shell, and an insulating device is arranged between two semi-cylinders at the top of the anode.
8. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the lower cell shell is provided with four corner plates, the four corner plates are fixed on the base in a bolt connection mode, and insulation devices are arranged between the four corner plates and the base.
9. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the lower cell shell is provided with a ceramic fiber heat preservation felt, and a cooling device is arranged on the periphery of the middle shell of the lower cell shell.
10. The metal lithium electrolytic cell according to claim 5, 7 or 8, wherein the insulating means is a high temperature mica plate.
CN202011208235.1A 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Metal lithium electrolytic bath Pending CN114438549A (en)

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CN202011208235.1A CN114438549A (en) 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Metal lithium electrolytic bath

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011208235.1A CN114438549A (en) 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Metal lithium electrolytic bath

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CN114438549A true CN114438549A (en) 2022-05-06

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2038427C1 (en) * 1992-11-25 1995-06-27 Научно-внедренческое предприятие "Новые металлургические технологии" Electrolyzer for production of boron-titanium semifinished product
CN201793769U (en) * 2010-09-08 2011-04-13 湖南中大业翔科技有限公司 Gas-guiding prebaked anode for aluminum electrolysis
CN103556181A (en) * 2013-10-28 2014-02-05 奉新赣锋锂业有限公司 Metallic lithium electrolytic cell
CN104562092A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-04-29 奉新赣锋锂业有限公司 Multi-anode lithium metal electrolytic bath
CN109267104A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-25 宜春赣锋锂业有限公司 A kind of lithium metal electrolytic cathode assembly
CN111719166A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-09-29 赣州有色冶金研究所 Metal lithium electrolytic bath and preparation method of metal lithium

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2038427C1 (en) * 1992-11-25 1995-06-27 Научно-внедренческое предприятие "Новые металлургические технологии" Electrolyzer for production of boron-titanium semifinished product
CN201793769U (en) * 2010-09-08 2011-04-13 湖南中大业翔科技有限公司 Gas-guiding prebaked anode for aluminum electrolysis
CN103556181A (en) * 2013-10-28 2014-02-05 奉新赣锋锂业有限公司 Metallic lithium electrolytic cell
CN104562092A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-04-29 奉新赣锋锂业有限公司 Multi-anode lithium metal electrolytic bath
CN109267104A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-25 宜春赣锋锂业有限公司 A kind of lithium metal electrolytic cathode assembly
CN111719166A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-09-29 赣州有色冶金研究所 Metal lithium electrolytic bath and preparation method of metal lithium

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