CN114438381B - High-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114438381B CN114438381B CN202210034173.XA CN202210034173A CN114438381B CN 114438381 B CN114438381 B CN 114438381B CN 202210034173 A CN202210034173 A CN 202210034173A CN 114438381 B CN114438381 B CN 114438381B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.2-0.3% of Si, 0.2-0.35% of Fe, 0.03-0.06% of Cu, 0.55-0.7% of Mn, 4.3-4.7% of Mg, 0.1-0.2% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, 0.015-0.03% of Ti, and the balance of Al. Sequentially carrying out smelting, refining, casting, saw head milling, homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, secondary cold rolling and stabilization heat treatment on an aluminum ingot, an Al-Cu50 ingot, a pure magnesium ingot, an Al-Cr50 alloy ingot and a titanium-boron wire to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. The invention can solve the problems of unstable performance, poor corrosion resistance and the like caused by loose internal structure, chemical composition segregation and non-metallic inclusion in the production of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the prior art.
Description
1. The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a production method of an aluminum alloy plate, in particular to a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate and a preparation method thereof.
2. Background art:
the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is a key material for lightweight and high-speed aerospace and modern transportation (including high-speed trains, light rail trains, luxury passenger cars, saloon cars, naval vessels, cruise ships, tank cars, containers and the like). It can make the plane and space vehicle fly higher, faster and farther, can reduce traction force and save a large amount of energy, makes the vehicle high-speed and safe, and can be adapted to various running environments. The alloy has fine and uniform structure and good weldability, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 350Mpa, and the alloy guarantees safe driving and protecting navigation, the spalling corrosion is N-level, the mass loss of the intergranular corrosion unit area is less than or equal to 5mg/c square meter, and the normal operation of the product in a harsh environment is guaranteed.
In the prior production technology of high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, finished product annealing is carried out after the blank thickness is directly rolled to the finished product thickness, the annealing material temperature is controlled to be 160-240 ℃, but the high-magnesium aluminum alloy is easy to form Mg2Al phase within the temperature range of 160-230 ℃, and in an intercrystalline corrosion solution (70 +/-1% concentrated nitric acid), because a large amount of Mg2Al is separated from an aluminum matrix, the mass loss of a unit area is overlarge, and the intercrystalline corrosion result is easy to exceed the standard. The annealing temperature is lower than 160 ℃, the elongation is easily lower than the standard (12%), the annealing temperature is higher than 240 ℃, and the yield is easily lower than the standard (215 MPa). The blank is subjected to intermediate annealing and low-temperature stabilization annealing after cold rolling and work hardening, the temperature range of 160-230 ℃ is avoided, and the high-magnesium aluminum alloy corrosion resistance is effectively improved while the advantages of high strength and high toughness of the high-magnesium aluminum alloy are kept.
3. The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: according to the existing preparation condition of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, the invention provides a novel high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate and a preparation method thereof. Through the technical scheme of the invention, the problems of unstable performance, poor corrosion resistance and the like caused by loose internal structure, chemical composition segregation and non-metallic inclusion in the production of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the prior art can be solved.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, which comprises, by mass, 0.2-0.3% of Si, 0.2-0.35% of Fe, 0.03-0.06% of Cu, 0.55-0.7% of Mn, 4.3-4.7% of Mg, 0.1-0.2% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, 0.015-0.03% of Ti, and the balance of Al.
In addition, a method for manufacturing a high-strength, high-toughness, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy sheet is provided, which includes the steps of:
a. smelting: adding a high-purity aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.85 percent, an additive Al-Cu50 with the mass percent of Cu of 50 percent, a pure magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent, an additive Al-Cr50 with the mass percent of Cr of 50 percent, a Mn alloy ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent and a 5Ti-1B titanium boron wire into a smelting furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-770 ℃ and the smelting time to be 5-6 h, and refining under the temperature condition after smelting; continuously smelting for 1-1.5 h under the condition that the temperature is kept unchanged after refining, and obtaining alloy liquid after smelting, wherein the obtained alloy liquid meets the component content requirements of each alloy element in the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in claim 1;
b. refining: b, feeding the alloy liquid obtained in the step a into a standing furnace for refining at the temperature of 730-740 ℃, removing floating slag after refining, and standing for 30-50 min to obtain refined alloy liquid;
c. casting: casting the alloy liquid obtained in the step b by using a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
d. sawing a head and milling a surface: c, sawing and milling the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step c;
e. carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained after surface milling in a heating furnace;
the uniform heat treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the cast ingot into a push type heating furnace, keeping the furnace gas constant temperature at 550 ℃, keeping the metal temperature at 480-490 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-12 h; changing the constant temperature of furnace gas to 530 ℃, the metal temperature to 510-520 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-4 h; the tapping temperature is 480-490 ℃;
f. hot rolling: firstly, carrying out hot rough rolling on the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to heat treatment, carrying out 21-25 passes of rolling, and rough rolling to obtain a rough blank with the thickness of 28mm, wherein the temperature after rough rolling is 390-430 ℃; carrying out rough rolling, then carrying out finish rolling, continuously rolling for 3 times to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8.0mm, and keeping the temperature of 330-340 ℃ after the hot rolling and finish rolling; lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
g. cold rolling the obtained aluminum alloy plate blank until the thickness of the finished product is the previous thickness, and reserving the machining rate of 18-20%;
h. intermediate annealing is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained by cold rolling;
i. carrying out cold rolling on the annealed aluminum alloy plate again to reach the thickness of a finished product;
j. and carrying out stabilization heat treatment on the cold-rolled aluminum alloy plate to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloyThe preparation method of the gold plate comprises the step c of controlling the casting temperature to be 690-720 ℃, the casting water temperature to be 25-35 ℃ and the casting water pressure to be 0.2-0.6 kg/cm in the casting process 2 The flow rate of the casting water is 90-230 m 3 H; the thickness of the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot is 640mm, and the width of the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot is 2100-2350 mm.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, in the process of sawing and milling the surface in the step d, the length of the sawing head is 220mm, the surface milling amount of the large surface on one side is more than or equal to 20mm, the surface milling amount of the small surface on one side is more than or equal to 10mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 3mm.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, the emulsion pressure adopted in the hot rough rolling in the step f is 0.2-0.4 MPa, the emulsion temperature is 62-67 ℃, and the concentration is 5-7%; the emulsion pressure adopted during the hot finish rolling is 0.2-0.45 MPa, the emulsion temperature is 62-67 ℃, the concentration is 5-8%, the compressed air pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, the rolling thickness is 28mm, and the rolling speed is 1.0-1.2M/S.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, in the intermediate annealing in the step h, the metal temperature in the annealing furnace is 330-340 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-5 h.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, in the cold rolling process of the step i, the working ratio is controlled to be 18-20%.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate, the stabilizing heat treatment in the step j is as follows: placing the aluminum alloy plate in a box type annealing furnace, keeping the temperature of furnace gas at 180 ℃, keeping the temperature of metal at 100-150 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. through the technical scheme of the invention, the defects of loose structure, chemical composition segregation, non-metallic inclusion and the like caused by fluctuation of the casting speed can be effectively reduced, so that the internal structure of the product is improved, the product quality and the yield are improved, and the service performance and the economic benefit of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate are met.
2. Benefit toThe aluminum alloy plate prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has fine and uniform alloy structure, good weldability, tensile strength of more than or equal to 350MPa, elongation of more than or equal to 13 percent, yield strength of more than or equal to 245MPa, firm and durable plate body, good deformation resistance, N-grade exfoliation corrosion for safe trip protection, and intergranular corrosion unit area mass loss of less than or equal to 5mg/cm 2 The coating has excellent corrosion resistance, and provides guarantee for normal operation of products in harsh environment.
4. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.25% of Si, 0.3% of Fe, 0.05% of Cu, 0.6% of Mn, 4.6% of Mg, 0.2% of Cr, 0.07% of Zn, 0.02% of Ti and the balance of Al.
Example 2:
the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.22% of Si, 0.35% of Fe, 0.04% of Cu, 0.7% of Mn, 4.5% of Mg, 0.15% of Cr, 0.09% of Zn, 0.03% of Ti and the balance of Al.
Example 3:
the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.25% of Si, 0.33% of Fe, 0.03% of Cu, 0.6% of Mn, 4.4% of Mg, 0.15% of Cr, 0.06% of Zn, 0.03% of Ti and the balance of Al.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following detailed steps:
a. smelting: adding a high-purity aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.85 percent, an additive Al-Cu50 with the mass percent of Cu, a pure magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent, an additive Al-Cr50 with the mass percent of Cr, an Mn alloy ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent and a 5Ti-1B titanium boron wire into a smelting furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 760 ℃ and the smelting time to be 6 hours, refining under the temperature condition after smelting, continuously smelting for 1.5 hours under the condition that the temperature is kept unchanged after refining, and obtaining alloy liquid after smelting, wherein the obtained alloy liquid meets the component content requirements of each alloy element in the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 1;
b. refining: b, feeding the alloy liquid obtained in the step a into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730-740 ℃, removing scum after refining is finished, and standing for 40min to obtain refined alloy liquid;
c. casting: b, casting the alloy liquid obtained by refining in the step b by using a casting machine, wherein the casting temperature is controlled to be 710 ℃, the casting water temperature is controlled to be 32 ℃, and the casting water pressure is controlled to be 0.5kg/cm 2 The casting speed is 45mm/min, and the casting water flow is 200m 3 H; obtaining an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the thickness of 640mm and the width of 2330mm after casting;
d. sawing a head and milling a surface: c, sawing and milling the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step c, wherein the length of the saw head is 220mm, the milling amount of the large surface on one side is 22mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 3mm;
e. carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained after surface milling in a heating furnace;
the ingot casting homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the obtained cast ingot into a push type heating furnace, keeping the furnace gas constant temperature at 550 ℃, keeping the metal temperature to 480 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12 hours; the temperature of furnace gas is changed to 530 ℃, the metal temperature reaches 515 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4h; the tapping temperature is 490 ℃;
f. hot rolling: firstly, carrying out hot rough rolling on the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to the heating treatment, carrying out rolling for 23 times, and rough rolling to obtain a blank with the thickness of 28mm, wherein the temperature is 400 ℃ after rough rolling; carrying out finish rolling after rough rolling, continuously rolling for 3 times to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8.0mm, and keeping the temperature at 335 ℃ after the hot rolling and finish rolling; the hot rough rolling pass is divided into 596 → 576 → 550 → 525 → 500 → 475 → 450 → 425 → 375 → 350 → 325 → 300 → 275 → 250 → 225 → 175 → 150 → 125 → 100 → 73 → 48 → 28mm, and the head cutting and the edge rolling are performed after the 20 th pass; lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
the pressure of the emulsion adopted in the hot rough rolling process is 0.30MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 65 ℃, and the mass concentration is 5.5%; in the hot finish rolling process, the pressure of the adopted emulsion is 0.40MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 65 ℃, the mass concentration is 6 percent, the pressure of the compressed air is 0.6MPa, and the hot finish rolling speed is 1.2M/S;
g. cold rolling the obtained aluminum alloy plate blank with the thickness of 8.0mm to the thickness of 7.4 mm;
h. feeding the 7.4mm aluminum alloy plate blank obtained by cold rolling into a box type annealing furnace for intermediate annealing, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours when the metal temperature reaches 335 ℃;
i. performing cold rolling on the annealed aluminum alloy plate on a machine to obtain a finished product with the thickness of 6.0mm and the specification of 6.0 x 2306 x L;
j. sending the cold-rolled aluminum alloy plate into a box-type annealing furnace for stabilization treatment, keeping the temperature of furnace gas at 180 ℃, keeping the temperature of metal at 140 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 1h; discharging the aluminum alloy plate out of the furnace and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature to obtain the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate meeting the standard.
Example 5:
the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 2 of the invention comprises the following detailed steps:
a. smelting: adding a high-purity aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.85 percent, an additive Al-Cu50 with the mass percent of Cu, a pure magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent, an additive Al-Cr50 with the mass percent of Cr, an Mn alloy ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent and a 5Ti-1B titanium boron wire into a smelting furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to 770 ℃ and the smelting time to be 5 hours, refining under the temperature condition after smelting, continuously smelting for 1.0 hour under the condition that the temperature is kept unchanged after refining, and obtaining alloy liquid after smelting, wherein the obtained alloy liquid meets the component content requirements of each alloy element in the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 2;
b. refining: b, feeding the alloy liquid obtained in the step a into a standing furnace for refining at the temperature of 730-740 ℃, removing floating slag after refining, and standing for 40min to obtain refined alloy liquid;
c. casting: b, casting the alloy liquid obtained by refining in the step b by using a casting machine, wherein the casting temperature is controlled to be 710 ℃, the casting water temperature is controlled to be 32 ℃, and the casting water pressure is controlled to be 0.5kg/cm 2 The casting speed is 45mm/min, and the casting water flow is 200m 3 H; obtaining an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the thickness of 640mm and the width of 2330mm after casting;
d. sawing a head and milling a surface: c, sawing and milling the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step c, wherein the length of the saw head is 220mm, the milling amount of the large surface on one side is 22mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 3mm;
e. carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained after surface milling in a heating furnace;
the ingot casting homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the obtained cast ingot into a push type heating furnace, keeping the furnace gas constant temperature at 550 ℃, keeping the metal temperature at 480 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12 hours; the temperature of furnace gas is changed to 530 ℃, the metal temperature reaches 515 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4h; the tapping temperature is 490 ℃;
f. hot rolling: firstly, carrying out hot rough rolling on the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to the heating treatment, carrying out rolling for 23 times, and rough rolling to obtain a rough blank with the thickness of 28mm, wherein the temperature after rough rolling is 400 ℃; carrying out finish rolling after rough rolling, continuously rolling for 3 times to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8.0mm, and keeping the temperature at 335 ℃ after the hot rolling and finish rolling; the rough rolling pass is divided into 596 → 576 → 550 → 525 → 500 → 475 → 450 → 425 → 375 → 350 → 325 → 300 → 275 → 250 → 225 → 175 → 150 → 125 → 100 → 73 → 48 → 28mm, and the head cutting and the edge rolling are performed after the 20 th pass; lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
the pressure of the emulsion adopted in the hot rough rolling process is 0.30MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 65 ℃, and the mass concentration is 5.5%; in the hot finish rolling process, the pressure of the adopted emulsion is 0.40MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 65 ℃, the mass concentration is 6 percent, the pressure of the compressed air is 0.5MPa, and the hot finish rolling speed is 1.2M/S;
g. cold rolling the obtained aluminum alloy plate blank with the thickness of 8.0mm to the thickness of 6.3 mm;
h. feeding the 6.3mm aluminum alloy plate blank obtained by cold rolling into a box type annealing furnace for intermediate annealing, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours when the metal temperature reaches 335 ℃;
i. cold rolling the annealed aluminum alloy plate on a machine to the thickness of a finished product of 5.0mm, wherein the specification of the finished product is 5.0 x 2306 x L;
j. sending the cold-rolled aluminum alloy plate into a box-type annealing furnace for stabilization treatment, keeping the temperature of furnace gas at 180 ℃, keeping the temperature of metal at 120 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; discharging the aluminum alloy plate out of the furnace and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature to obtain the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate meeting the standard.
Example 6:
the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 3 of the invention comprises the following detailed steps:
a. smelting: adding a high-purity aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.85 percent, an additive Al-Cu50 with the mass percent of Cu, a pure magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent, an additive Al-Cr50 with the mass percent of Cr, an Mn alloy ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent and a 5Ti-1B titanium boron wire into a smelting furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 750 ℃ and the smelting time to be 6 hours, refining under the temperature condition after smelting, continuously smelting for 1.5 hours under the condition that the temperature is kept unchanged after refining, and obtaining alloy liquid after smelting, wherein the obtained alloy liquid meets the component content requirements of each alloy element in the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 3;
b. refining: b, feeding the alloy liquid obtained in the step a into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730-740 ℃, removing scum after refining is finished, and standing for 40min to obtain refined alloy liquid;
c. casting: b, casting the alloy liquid obtained by refining in the step b by using a casting machine, wherein the casting temperature is controlled to be 710 ℃, the casting water temperature is controlled to be 32 ℃, and the casting water pressure is controlled to be 0.5kg/cm 2 The casting speed is 45mm/min, and the casting water flow is 200m 3 H; obtaining an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the thickness of 640mm and the width of 2330mm after casting;
d. sawing a head and milling a surface: c, sawing and milling the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step c, wherein the length of the saw head is 220mm, the milling amount of the large surface on one side is 22mm, the milling amount of the small surface on one side is 12mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 3mm;
e. carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained after surface milling in a heating furnace;
the ingot casting homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the obtained cast ingot into a push type heating furnace, keeping the furnace gas constant temperature at 550 ℃, keeping the metal temperature at 480 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12 hours; the temperature of furnace gas is changed to 530 ℃, the metal temperature reaches 515 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4h; the tapping temperature is 490 ℃;
f. hot rolling: firstly, carrying out hot rough rolling on the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to the heating treatment, carrying out rolling for 23 times, and rough rolling to obtain a rough blank with the thickness of 28mm, wherein the temperature after rough rolling is 400 ℃; carrying out rough rolling and finish rolling, continuously rolling for 3 times to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8.0mm, and keeping the temperature at 335 ℃ after the hot rolling and finish rolling; the rough rolling pass is divided into 596 → 576 → 550 → 525 → 500 → 475 → 425 → 400 → 375 → 325 → 300 → 275 → 250 → 225 → 200 → 175 → 150 → 125 → 100 → 73 → 48 → 28mm, and the head cutting and the edge rolling are carried out after the 20 th pass; lubricating and cooling by using an emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
the pressure of the emulsion adopted in the hot rough rolling process is 0.30Mpa, the temperature of the emulsion is 65 ℃, and the mass concentration is 5.5%; in the hot finish rolling process, the pressure of the adopted emulsion is 0.40MPa, the temperature of the emulsion is 65 ℃, the mass concentration is 6 percent, the pressure of the compressed air is 0.6MPa, and the hot finish rolling speed is 1.2M/S;
g. cold rolling the obtained aluminum alloy plate blank with the thickness of 8.0mm to the thickness of 5.0 mm;
h. feeding the 5.0mm aluminum alloy plate blank obtained by cold rolling into a box type annealing furnace for intermediate annealing, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours when the metal temperature reaches 335 ℃;
i. cold rolling the annealed aluminum alloy plate on a machine to obtain a finished product with the thickness of 4.0mm, wherein the specification of the finished product is 4.0 x 2306 x L;
j. feeding the cold-rolled aluminum alloy plate into a box-type annealing furnace for stabilization treatment, keeping the furnace gas constant temperature at 180 ℃, keeping the metal temperature at 100 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; discharging the aluminum alloy plate out of the furnace and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature to obtain the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate meeting the standard.
The relevant performance detection data of the product prepared by the embodiment of the invention are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 relevant Performance test data for products prepared in accordance with the examples of the present invention
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
expressed by mass percentage, the chemical components and the contents of the alloy elements in the aluminum alloy plate are 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Si, 0.2 to 0.35 percent of Fe, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of Cu, 0.55 to 0.7 percent of Mn, 4.3 to 4.7 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, 0.015 to 0.03 percent of Ti and the balance of Al;
a. smelting: adding a high-purity aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.85 percent, an additive Al-Cu50 with the mass percent of Cu of 50 percent, a pure magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent, an additive Al-Cr50 with the mass percent of Cr of 50 percent, a Mn alloy ingot with the purity of 99.98 percent and a 5Ti-1B titanium boron wire into a smelting furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-770 ℃ and the smelting time to be 5-6 h, and refining under the temperature condition after smelting; continuously smelting for 1-1.5 h under the condition that the temperature is kept unchanged after refining, and obtaining alloy liquid after smelting, wherein the obtained alloy liquid meets the component content requirements of each alloy element in the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate;
b. refining: b, feeding the alloy liquid obtained in the step a into a standing furnace for refining at the temperature of 730-740 ℃, removing floating slag after refining, and standing for 30-50 min to obtain refined alloy liquid;
c. casting: casting the alloy liquid obtained in the step b by using a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
during the casting process, controlThe casting temperature is 690-720 ℃, the casting water temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the casting water pressure is 0.2-0.6 kg/cm 2 The flow rate of the casting water is 90-230 m 3 H; the thickness of the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot is 640mm, and the width of the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot is 2100-2350 mm;
d. sawing a head and milling a surface: c, sawing and milling the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step c;
e. carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained after surface milling in a heating furnace;
the uniform heat treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the cast ingot into a push type heating furnace, keeping the furnace gas constant temperature at 550 ℃, keeping the metal temperature at 480-490 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-12 h; changing the constant temperature of furnace gas to 530 ℃, the metal temperature to 510-520 ℃, and preserving the heat for 3-4 h; the tapping temperature is 480-490 ℃;
f. hot rolling: firstly, carrying out hot rough rolling on the aluminum alloy cast ingot subjected to heat treatment, carrying out 21-25 passes of rolling, and rough rolling to obtain a rough blank with the thickness of 28mm, wherein the temperature after rough rolling is 390-430 ℃; carrying out finish rolling after rough rolling, continuously rolling for 3 times to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8.0mm, and keeping the temperature of 330-340 ℃ after the hot rolling and finish rolling; lubricating and cooling by using emulsion in the hot rolling process to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
the pressure of the emulsified liquid adopted during the hot rough rolling is 0.2-0.4 MPa, the temperature of the emulsified liquid is 62-67 ℃, and the concentration is 5-7%; the emulsion pressure adopted during hot finish rolling is 0.2-0.45 MPa, the emulsion temperature is 62-67 ℃, the concentration is 5-8%, the compressed air pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, the rolling thickness is 28mm, and the rolling speed is 1.0-1.2 m/s;
g. cold rolling the obtained aluminum alloy plate blank until the thickness of the finished product is the previous thickness, and reserving the machining rate of 18-20%;
h. intermediate annealing is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained by cold rolling; during the intermediate annealing, the metal temperature in the annealing furnace is 330-340 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-5 h;
i. carrying out cold rolling on the annealed aluminum alloy plate again to reach the thickness of a finished product;
j. carrying out stabilization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate after cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product;
the stabilizing heat treatment comprises the following steps: placing the aluminum alloy plate in a box type annealing furnace, keeping the temperature of furnace gas at 180 ℃, keeping the temperature of metal at 100-150 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h.
2. The method of making high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistant aluminum alloy sheet of claim 1 wherein: d, in the process of sawing and milling the saw head, the length of the saw head is 220mm, the milling quantity of the large-surface single side is more than or equal to 20mm, the milling quantity of the small-surface single side is more than or equal to 10mm, and the thickness difference of two sides of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 3mm.
3. The method of making high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistant aluminum alloy sheet of claim 1 wherein: and (i) in the cold rolling process, controlling the working ratio to be 18-20%.
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