CN114437834A - Energy utilization system and process for baking and gasifying kitchen waste - Google Patents
Energy utilization system and process for baking and gasifying kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009967 Erodium cicutarium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003759 Erodium cicutarium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000709785 Hermetia illucens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910007470 ZnO—Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system and a process, wherein the system comprises a dehydration and crushing device, a baking device, a gasification device for generating synthesis gas and a power generation device for generating power by using the synthesis gas which are sequentially connected along the kitchen waste treatment direction. The kitchen waste is physically treated by dehydration and crushing, then the chemical energy of the kitchen waste is utilized in the aspects of power generation, chemical preparation and the like in the form of synthesis gas through the processes of baking and gasification, high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of the synthesis gas acts in an internal combustion engine to drive a generator to generate power, then exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine cylinder realizes waste heat recovery in a heat exchanger, and premixed combustion-supporting gas (CO) generated in the waste heat recovery process2、O2) Providing advantages for the combustion of synthesis gas in the boiler. Compared with the prior art, the system has higher energy utilization efficiency on the kitchen waste, and realizes the high-efficiency utilization and harmless treatment of the kitchen waste energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and relates to a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system and process.
Background
At present, the harmless treatment mode of Chinese garbage is mainly landfill and incineration. The garbage landfill is simple in operation and low in cost, but a large amount of bacteria and viruses are remained in the landfill, hidden dangers such as methane and heavy metal pollution exist, and the garbage leakage liquid can pollute underground water resources for a long time, so that serious secondary pollution is caused. The waste incineration power generation has less secondary pollution and can realize resource recycling. The kitchen waste usually has the water content of about 80%, the heat value of 2100-3100 kJ/kg and the lower heat value, so that the heat requirement of waste incineration power generation cannot be met, and the problems of high investment cost, harmful gas generation and the like are also faced.
CN 113200768A proposes a kitchen waste disposal system, but only the solid units of kitchen waste are biodegraded, and the separated liquid oil is not effectively utilized. The energy-saving and environment-friendly kitchen waste recycling and utilizing integrated device provided by CN 113371361A realizes the separation between the solid and the liquid of the kitchen waste, but the garbage delivery end is limited, and no specific method for recycling the garbage is provided. CN 212419076 is digested and decomposed with digestive organism Hermetia illucens, and its digestion and decomposition types are limited, and it can not be effectively used for non-digestible interferents. The energy utilization efficiency of kitchen garbage is low in the prior art.
The above patent proposes the utilization of kitchen waste in several ways, but there is no disclosure report on the utilization of energy of the kitchen waste by using a baking technology to increase the energy density of the kitchen waste, and the synthesis gas generated in the gasification process after baking and the utilization technology thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system and process, which overcome the defects of low energy utilization efficiency and the like of kitchen waste in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention provides a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system, which comprises a dehydration and pulverization device, a baking device, a gasification device for generating synthesis gas and a power generation device for generating power by using the synthesis gas, which are sequentially connected along the kitchen waste treatment direction.
Further, the dehydration and pulverization device comprises a dehydrator and a pulverizer connected with the dehydrator, and the pulverizer is connected with the baking device.
Further, the gasification device comprises a gasification furnace and a steam generator connected with the gasification furnace, and the gasification furnace is respectively connected with the baking device and the power generation device.
Furthermore, a gas storage tank for storing the synthetic gas is arranged between the gasification furnace and the power generation device.
Furthermore, the power generation device comprises a first power generation assembly formed by connecting an internal combustion engine and a first power generator and a second power generation assembly formed by a boiler, a steam turbine and a second power generator which are connected in sequence, wherein the internal combustion engine and the boiler are respectively provided with a synthesis gas inlet, and the synthesis gas inlet is connected with a synthesis gas outlet of the gasification device.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a heat exchanger and an air separator, wherein oxygen obtained by separating air through the air separator enters the heat exchanger and then is divided into two streams of oxygen, one stream of oxygen enters the internal combustion engine, and the other stream of oxygen enters the boiler.
Further, CO on said boiler2The outlet is connected with the heat exchanger and forms a cycle.
Further, the internal combustion engine produces CO2Into the heat exchanger and with CO from the boiler2And mixing and then entering the boiler.
Further, CO generated by the boiler2But also into the internal combustion engine.
Further, CO on said boiler2The outlet is also connected with a carbon capture device.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization process which is implemented by adopting the energy utilization system, and the process comprises the following steps:
s1: the kitchen waste is dehydrated and crushed in sequence by a dehydration and crushing device, and then enters a baking device to be baked to obtain a baked product;
s2: the obtained baked product enters a gasification device and is subjected to gasification reaction with steam to generate synthesis gas;
s3: using a portion of the resulting syngas as a chemical feedstock for the synthesis of chemicals; introducing a part of the synthesis gas into an internal combustion engine for combustion to drive a first generator to generate electricity; and introducing a part of the synthetic gas into a boiler for combustion, wherein the boiler generates superheated steam, and the superheated steam drives blades of a steam turbine to drive a second generator to generate power.
Further, in step S1, the baking temperature is 200-300 ℃.
The energy density of the kitchen garbage can be improved by 30 percent after dehydration and baking. The system adopts a gasification technology to gasify the baked product by water vapor to obtain CO and H2And the obtained gas is used for power generation of internal combustion engine and power generation of boiler turbineElectricity and synthetic methanol and other high heating value fuels. The system can convert the chemical energy of the kitchen waste into electric energy and chemicals with high added values, and realizes the energy utilization of the kitchen waste.
The process of treating kitchen garbage by using the system of the invention comprises the following steps:
the kitchen garbage is dehydrated, crushed and baked in sequence to obtain a baked product, and then the baked product is gasified with water vapor from a steam generator in a gasification furnace to generate a gas product (mainly synthesis gas H)2And CO). The synthesis gas produced has the following three utilization modes:
(1) the high-value-added chemical such as methanol, acetic acid, formaldehyde, urotropine or hydroformylation products and the like can be produced as an industrial raw material, and when the synthesis gas is used for synthesizing the methanol, the pressure is 5-10 MPa, the temperature is 230-270 ℃, and H is H2The molar ratio of the carbon dioxide to CO is (2.2-3.0): 1;
(2) introducing the fuel and oxygen into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and mixing, expanding the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion to do work, pushing the piston to move, driving the generator to generate electricity, exhausting gas (mainly CO) from the internal combustion engine2Water vapor with the temperature of about 500 ℃) enters a heat exchanger to preheat oxygen obtained by separation of an air separator, a part of the preheated oxygen enters an internal combustion engine as combustion-supporting gas, and a part of the preheated oxygen and CO in exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine2Mixing and serving as combustion-supporting gas to enter a boiler to promote the combustion of the synthesis gas in the boiler, and reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to 300 ℃ after passing through a heat exchanger;
(3) the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion is used as fuel of the boiler to heat liquid water and generate superheated steam, the superheated steam generated by the boiler enters a steam turbine to expand and do work, so that blades rotate to drive a generator to generate power, and part of CO in the boiler2Storing the carbon-captured and encapsulated product; a part of CO2Circularly enters a heat exchanger to be mixed with oxygen, and the gas obtained by mixing is taken as combustion-supporting gas to enter a boiler; a part of CO2Enters an internal combustion engine, is mixed with oxygen and then is used as combustion-supporting gas of synthesis gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the kitchen waste is subjected to primary physical treatment through dehydration and crushing, and then the chemical energy of the kitchen waste is utilized in the aspects of power generation, chemical preparation and the like in the form of synthesis gas through the processes of baking and gasification, so that the energy utilization of the kitchen waste is realized;
(2) the whole system is reasonable in structural design, high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of synthesis gas does work in the internal combustion engine to drive the generator to generate electricity, then exhaust of the internal combustion engine cylinder realizes waste heat recovery in the heat exchanger, and premixed combustion-supporting gas (CO) generated in the waste heat recovery process2、O2) Providing advantageous conditions for the combustion of synthesis gas in boilers in which CO is produced2With preheated O2The method provides favorable conditions for the combustion of the synthesis gas in the internal combustion engine, effectively utilizes the chemical energy of the kitchen waste in the whole process, and realizes the high-efficiency utilization of the energy of the kitchen waste;
(3) the system of the invention uses2、CO2The mixture replaces air to support combustion and realize CO2The recycling of the fertilizer meets the aim of 'double carbon', and effectively inhibits greenhouse CO2And the gas is discharged, so that the harmless utilization of the kitchen garbage is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of a roasting apparatus used in example 1.
The notation in the figure is:
1-dehydrator, 2-pulverizer, 3-baking device, 4-gasifier, 5-steam generator, 6-gas storage tank, 7-internal combustion engine, 8-first generator, 9-boiler, 10-steam turbine, 11-second generator, 12-heat exchanger, 13-air separator, 14-carbon trapping device, 15-nitrogen tank, 16-flowmeter, 17-quartz tube, 18-tube furnace, 19-temperature controller, 20-quartz platform, 21-conical flask.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the following embodiments or examples, functional components or structures that are not specifically described are all conventional components or structures that are adopted in the art to achieve the corresponding functions.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In order to overcome the defects of low energy utilization efficiency of kitchen waste and the like in the prior art, one of the technical schemes of the invention provides a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system, please refer to fig. 1, which comprises a dehydration and pulverization device, a baking device 3, a gasification device for generating synthesis gas and a power generation device for generating power by using the synthesis gas, which are sequentially connected along the kitchen waste treatment direction.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the dewatering and pulverizing device includes a dewatering machine 1 and a pulverizer 2 connected to the dewatering machine 1, and the pulverizer 2 is connected to a baking device 3.
In some specific embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the gasification device includes a gasification furnace 4 and a steam generator 5 connected to the gasification furnace 4, and the gasification furnace 4 is connected to the roasting device 3 and the power generation device, respectively.
In a more specific embodiment, a gas tank 6 for storing the synthesis gas is further provided between the gasification furnace 4 and the power generation device.
In some specific embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the power generation device comprises a first power generation assembly formed by connecting an internal combustion engine 7 and a first power generator 8, and a second power generation assembly formed by connecting a boiler 9, a steam turbine 10 and a second power generator 11 in sequence, wherein the internal combustion engine 7 and the boiler 9 are respectively provided with a synthesis gas inlet, and the synthesis gas inlet is connected with a synthesis gas outlet of the gasification device.
In a more specific embodiment, the system further comprises a heat exchanger 12 and an air separator 13, wherein oxygen obtained by separating air through the air separator 13 enters the heat exchanger 12 and then is divided into two streams, one stream of oxygen enters the internal combustion engine 7, and the other stream of oxygen enters the boiler 9.
In a more specific embodiment, the CO on the boiler 92The outlet is connected with the heat exchanger 12 and forms a circulation.
In a more specific embodiment, the CO produced by the internal combustion engine 72Into said heat exchanger 12 and with CO coming from the boiler 92Mixed and then enters the boiler 9.
In a more specific embodiment, the boiler 9 produces CO2But also into the combustion engine 7.
In a more specific embodiment, the CO on the boiler 92The outlet is also connected to a carbon capture device 14.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization process which is implemented by adopting the energy utilization system, and the process comprises the following steps:
(1) the kitchen waste is dehydrated and crushed in sequence by a dehydration and crushing device, and then enters a baking device 3 to be baked to obtain a baked product;
(2) the obtained baked product enters a gasification device and is subjected to gasification reaction with steam to generate synthesis gas;
(3) using a part of the obtained synthesis gas as a chemical raw material for synthesizing chemicals; part of the synthesis gas is introduced into an internal combustion engine 7 for combustion to drive a first generator 8 to generate electricity; a part of the synthesis gas is introduced into a boiler 9 for combustion, the boiler 9 generates superheated steam, and the superheated steam drives blades of a steam turbine 10 to drive a second generator 11 to generate electricity.
In the following examples, the catalysts used are CuO-ZnO-Al2O3Reference to the preparation method of (1):
the young is crowfoot, sun pine,dingjiajun et Al [ CuO-ZnO-Al ]2O3]/[HZSM-5]Preparation and structure of core-shell bifunctional catalyst and CO thereof2+H2Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether reaction performance [ J]Physicochemical journal, 2012, 28 (8): 7.
in the following embodiments, the baking apparatus is self-built, and its structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2, the baking apparatus includes a nitrogen tank 15, a flow meter 16, a quartz tube 17, a tube furnace 18, a temperature controller 19, a quartz table 20, and a conical flask 21, wherein the conical flask 21 contains 1mol/L NaOH solution. The nitrogen tank 15 is communicated with the inside of the quartz tube 17, the flowmeter 16 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen tank 15 and the quartz tube 17, the tube furnace 18 is provided with the quartz tube 17, the quartz platform 20 is arranged inside the quartz tube 17, the tube furnace 18 is connected with the temperature controller 19, and the inside of the quartz tube 17 is communicated with the conical flask 21.
Example 1:
the present embodiment provides an energy utilization system for baking-gasifying kitchen waste (such as leftovers, bones, etc.), which includes, as shown in fig. 1, a dehydrator 1, a pulverizer 2, a baking device 3, a gasification furnace 4, a steam generator 5, a gas storage tank 6, an internal combustion engine 7, a first generator 8, a boiler 9, a steam turbine 10, a second generator 11, a heat exchanger 12, an air separator 13, and a carbon trap 14.
The dehydrator 1, the pulverizer 2, the baking device 3, the gasification furnace 4, and the gas storage tank 6 are sequentially connected in a kitchen garbage disposal direction, the gas storage tank 6 is used for storing the synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace 4, and the steam generator 5 is connected with the gasification furnace 4. The internal combustion engine 7 and the boiler 9 are both provided with a synthesis gas inlet which is connected with a synthesis gas outlet of the gas storage tank 6. The internal combustion engine 7 is connected to a first generator 8, and a boiler 9, a steam turbine 10, and a second generator 11 are connected in this order. Oxygen obtained by separating air through an air separator 13 enters a heat exchanger 12 and is then divided into two streams of oxygen, wherein one stream of oxygen enters the internal combustion engine 7, and the other stream of oxygen enters the boiler 9. CO on boiler 92The outlet is connected to the heat exchanger 12 and constitutes a circuit. CO produced by internal combustion engine 72Enters a heat exchanger 12 and is mixed with CO from the boiler 92Mixed and then enters the boiler 9. CO produced by boiler 92But also into the combustion engine 7. CO on boiler 92The outlet is also connected to a carbon capture device 14.
The embodiment also provides a kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization process, which is implemented by adopting the energy utilization system and comprises the following steps:
s1: the kitchen garbage is dehydrated and crushed in sequence by a dehydrator 1 and a crusher 2, and then enters a baking device 3 to be baked under the conditions of normal pressure and no oxygen to obtain a baked product with high energy density;
s2: the obtained baked product enters a gasification furnace 4 and is subjected to gasification reaction with water vapor from a steam generator 5 to generate synthesis gas;
s3: using a portion of the resulting syngas as a chemical feedstock for the synthesis of chemicals; part of the synthesis gas is introduced into an internal combustion engine 7 for combustion to drive a first generator 8 to generate electricity; a part of the synthesis gas is introduced into the boiler 9 for combustion, the boiler 9 generates superheated steam, and blades of the steam turbine 10 are driven to rotate so as to drive the second generator 11 to generate electricity.
In the process, the baking treatment comprises the following specific steps:
the dehydrated and crushed kitchen garbage is placed on a quartz table 20 in a quartz tube 17, and the tube openings at the two ends of the quartz tube 17 are sealed. High purity nitrogen gas (purity 99.99%) in the nitrogen gas tank 15 was introduced into the quartz tube 17 at a flow rate of 300ml/min for 30min to ensure that no air remained in the quartz tube 17. The temperature controller 19 controls the temperature in the quartz tube 17 to be 200 ℃, the heating rate to be 20 ℃/min and the final temperature to be kept for 30 min. The gas product produced is discharged after being washed with NaOH solution in the conical flask 21. After the baking is finished, the solid product (i.e., baked product) on the quartz table 20 is taken out and sent to the gasification furnace 4.
The baked products with large energy density and the steam generated by the steam generator 5 generate steam gasification effect in the gasification furnace 4, the reaction temperature is 800 ℃, and the main product is synthesis gas (H)2CO). The synthesis gas is stored in a gas storage tank 6 for subsequent use.
In the energy utilization process of the embodiment, the kitchen waste is subjected to primary treatment by dewatering and crushingPhysical treatment, and baking to obtain baked product, wherein the baked product is gasified with water vapor from a steam generator 5 in a gasification furnace 4 to generate gas product (mainly synthesis gas H)2And CO). The generated synthesis gas can be efficiently and highly utilized in three ways:
(1) the synthesis gas can be used as an industrial raw material to produce high value-added chemicals such as methanol, acetic acid, formaldehyde, urotropine or hydroformylation products. In the embodiment, synthesis gas is used as a raw material, and CuO-ZnO-Al is used2O3As a catalyst, at 5MPa and space velocity of 10000h-1Crude methanol was synthesized at 230 ℃ (reaction principle:
H2the molar ratio to CO was 2.2: 1). The crude methanol is subjected to a distillation method to remove organic impurities and water, so that relatively pure methanol meeting certain quality standards is prepared. In addition, the synthesis gas can be used for synthesizing important chemical products such as ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetic acid, 1, 4-butanediol and the like.
(2) The synthesis gas can be used as fuel, and is introduced into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 7 together with oxygen and carbon dioxide to be mixed, high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion expands to do work, the piston is pushed to move, the first generator 8 is driven to generate power, and the internal combustion engine 7 exhausts (mainly CO)2Water vapor with the temperature of about 500 ℃) enters the heat exchanger 12 for preheating the oxygen separated by the air separator 13, a part of the preheated oxygen enters the internal combustion engine 7 as combustion-supporting gas, and a part of the preheated oxygen and CO in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 72Mixing and serving as combustion-supporting gas to enter a boiler 9 to promote the combustion of the synthesis gas in the boiler 9, and reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 7 to 300 ℃ after passing through a heat exchanger 12; the preheated oxygen and part of carbon dioxide generated by the boiler 9 (the volume of the oxygen is 30%, the temperature is about 200 ℃, and the volume of the carbon dioxide is 70%) are introduced into the internal combustion engine to be mixed with the synthesis gas for combustion to do work.
(3) The synthetic gas can be used as fuel of the boiler 9, and high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion is heatedThe superheated steam generated by the boiler 9 enters a steam turbine 10 to expand and do work, so that the blades rotate to drive a second generator 11 to generate power, and part of CO2Circularly enters the heat exchanger 12 to be mixed with oxygen, and the gas obtained by mixing enters the boiler 9 as combustion-supporting gas. Furthermore, part of the CO in the boiler is captured by the carbon capture device 142Separating with other gases, and separating CO with purity of more than 95%2And (5) storing. The process adopts carbon capture and storage technology (CCS), and can effectively inhibit greenhouse CO2And the gas is discharged, so that the harmless utilization of the kitchen garbage is realized.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The energy utilization system for baking and gasifying kitchen waste is characterized by comprising a dehydration and smashing device, a baking device (3), a gasification device for generating synthesis gas and a power generation device for generating power by using the synthesis gas, which are sequentially connected along the kitchen waste treatment direction.
2. The energy utilization system for baking-gasification of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehydration-pulverization device comprises a dehydrator (1) and a pulverizer (2) connected to the dehydrator (1), and the pulverizer (2) is connected to the baking device (3).
3. The energy utilization system for baking-gasifying kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasifying device comprises a gasifying furnace (4) and a steam generator (5) connected with the gasifying furnace (4), and the gasifying furnace (4) is respectively connected with the baking device (3) and the power generation device.
4. The kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system according to claim 3, wherein a gas storage tank (6) for storing synthesis gas is further arranged between the gasification furnace (4) and the power generation device.
5. The energy utilization system for baking-gasification of kitchen wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the power generation device comprises a first power generation assembly formed by connecting an internal combustion engine (7) and a first power generator (8), and a second power generation assembly formed by sequentially connecting a boiler (9), a steam turbine (10) and a second power generator (11), wherein the internal combustion engine (7) and the boiler (9) are respectively provided with a synthesis gas inlet, and the synthesis gas inlet is connected with a synthesis gas outlet of the gasification device.
6. The kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system according to claim 5, further comprising a heat exchanger (12) and an air separator (13), wherein oxygen obtained by separating air through the air separator (13) enters the heat exchanger (12) and then is divided into two streams, one stream of oxygen enters the internal combustion engine (7) and the other stream of oxygen enters the boiler (9).
7. Kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system according to claim 6, characterized by CO on the boiler (9)2The outlet is connected with the heat exchanger (12) and forms a circulation.
8. Kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the internal combustion engine (7) generates CO2Into the heat exchanger (12) and with CO from the boiler (9)2Mixed and then enters the boiler (9);
CO produced by the boiler (9)2And also into the internal combustion engine (7).
9. Kitchen waste baking-gasification energy utilization system according to claim 7, characterized by CO on the boiler (9)2The outlet is also connected to a carbon capture device (14).
10. A process for recycling kitchen waste by roasting-gasification, which is carried out by using the recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1: the kitchen garbage is dehydrated and crushed in sequence by a dehydration and crushing device, and then enters a baking device (3) to be baked to obtain a baked product;
s2: the obtained baked product enters a gasification device and is subjected to gasification reaction with steam to generate synthesis gas;
s3: using a part of the obtained synthesis gas as a chemical raw material for synthesizing chemicals; part of the synthesis gas is introduced into an internal combustion engine (7) to be combusted, and a first generator (8) is driven to generate electricity; a part of the synthesis gas is introduced into a boiler (9) for combustion, the boiler (9) generates superheated steam, and the superheated steam drives blades of a steam turbine (10) to drive a second generator (11) to generate electricity.
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