CN114436717A - 一种马铃薯聚合专用肥及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种马铃薯聚合专用肥及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114436717A CN114436717A CN202210179399.9A CN202210179399A CN114436717A CN 114436717 A CN114436717 A CN 114436717A CN 202210179399 A CN202210179399 A CN 202210179399A CN 114436717 A CN114436717 A CN 114436717A
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- fertilizer
- raw materials
- salt
- polymerization
- potato
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical group [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical group [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007924 ground bean Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/18—Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明属于肥料技术领域，涉及一种马铃薯聚合专用肥及其制备方法，专用肥由包含吸水性聚合物单体、无机养分、催化剂、交联剂和引发剂的原料经混合、加热聚合、干燥、粉碎而制得；无机养分包括氮肥、磷酸盐、钾盐、硅酸盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、硼酸盐、铜盐、钼酸盐、锰盐和锌盐；使用本发明聚合专用肥种植的马铃薯富含矿物质、氨基酸、微量元素、满足了人体对营养元素摄取的均衡，保证了人体的营养健康其制备方法简单，生产成本低，省工省时，节能环保，无毒、无害、无残留，可完全降解，不挥发，不爆炸，不燃烧，不溶于水，贮存安全，长期有效，质量安全可靠，市场前景广阔。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于植物专用肥料及其制备技术领域，涉及一种马铃薯聚合专用肥及其制备方法，用于提高马铃薯的抗病抗旱能力，增加马铃薯的产量和品质，使其具有更多的营养价值。
背景技术：
马铃薯又称地豆、土豆、洋芋等，属茄科一年生草本植物，是全球第四大主要粮食作物，仅次于稻、麦和玉米。马铃薯具有适应性广，高产稳产，营养全面等多种优势，被誉为人类的“第二面包”，我国是马铃薯大国，马铃薯工业是我国的一个主要产业，其开发利用。但是近几年来随着化肥农药的过量施用，给土壤、水源、大气带来了极大的污染危害，马铃薯的产量和品质明显下降。
目前马铃薯使用肥料的现状，多施用有机肥、化肥、生物菌肥等，即农家肥、生物炭，油渣和增效剂组成的肥料。农家肥为鸡粪、羊粪牛粪等(动物粪便)，化肥为氮肥、磷肥、钾肥等。例如中国专利申请CN201710426645.5公开了一种马铃薯肥料及其制备方法，涉及肥料技术领域，马铃薯肥料包括以下重量份的原料：腐烂果实80-90份、家禽粪30-40份、硅藻土8-10份、玉米秸秆5-21份、淀粉10-20份、煤矸石5-15份、花生油渣7-11份、蚕沙10-12份、氯化钾18-24份、菌种粉9-11份、膨润土6-12份、沸石粉9-15份、米糠3-7份、凹凸棒土13-23份、腐植土2-6份、磷酸二胺3-5份、风化煤20-30份和大豆粕2-6份；制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)称取原料、(2)粉碎、(3)发酵、(4)混合、(5)造粒、烘干。
传统肥料均存在一些缺点，化肥的缺点为：养分较为单一，通常需要几种肥料配合施用；养分释放速度快，纵向平衡供应能力较差；易经挥发、淋溶、固定等途径损失，肥料利用率不高；酸、碱、盐性强烈，施用不当，不仅对植物生长不利，还可能使土壤变劣，降低土壤肥力；有机肥料的缺点为：养分含量低，肥效缓慢，肥料中的养分当季利用率低，高温烧苗，释放氨气等弊端，因施肥数量大而多耗费运输和施用劳力，在作物生长旺盛需肥较多的时期，有机肥料不能及时满足作物对养分的需求；有机肥另一缺点是容易造成土壤重金属超标；而生物菌肥不能直接提供作物吸收的营养物质(包括氮、磷、钾和多种矿质元素)，它所能提供的肥效不能满足作物生长对营养物质的需求。
目前市场中的肥料养分比例固定，很难适于各种作物的不同需要，常要用单质肥料补充调节，费时费力；化肥农药的过量施用，给土壤、水源、大气带来了极大的污染危害，马铃薯的产量和品质也明显下降。现有必要研发一种省工省时、成本低、节能环保且增产提质的马铃薯专用肥。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点，提供一种马铃薯聚合专用肥及其制备方法，通过将马铃薯生长需要的多种营养元素科学复配，并聚合为一体，实现了多种元素的一次施肥，确保马铃薯在整个生长期内养分不流失，实现作物的增产增收。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种马铃薯聚合专用肥，由包含吸水性聚合物单体、无机养分、催化剂、交联剂和引发剂原料经混合、加热聚合、干燥、粉碎而制得；无机养分包括氮肥、磷酸盐、钾盐、硅酸盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、硼酸盐、铜盐、钼酸盐、锰盐和锌盐；其中吸水性聚合物单体的添加重量为原料总重量的8-15％，氮肥的添加重量为原料总重量的5-10％、磷酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的15％-20％，钾盐的添加重量为原料总重量的20％-30％，硅酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的1.8％-3.5％，钙盐的添加重量为原料总重量的1.6％-3％，镁盐的添加重量为原料总重量的1.6％-3％，铁盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，硼酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，铜盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，钼酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，锰盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，锌盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，催化剂的添加重量为原料总重量的10-20％，交联剂的添加重量为原料总重量的2-5％，引发剂的添加重量为原料总重量的1-3％。
本发明所述的吸水性聚合物单体为丙烯酸。
本发明所述的氮肥为尿素；磷酸盐为磷酸一铵；钾盐为硫酸钾；硅酸盐为硅酸钠；钙盐为硫酸钙；镁盐为硫酸镁；铁盐为硫酸亚铁；硼酸盐为硼酸钠；铜盐为硫酸铜；钼酸盐为钼酸铵；锰盐为硫酸锰；锌盐为硫酸锌。
本发明所述的催化剂为氢氧化钠水溶液、氢氧化钾水溶液、氨水和氢氧化钙水溶液中的一种。
本发明所述的交联剂为乙二醇或N,N‘-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
本发明所述的引发剂为过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钙中的一种。
本发明还提供上述马铃薯聚合专用肥的制备方法，具体步骤包括：
(1)预聚体制备：将催化剂与吸水性聚合物单体混合，搅拌，在温度90-110℃下，得到中和预聚体；
(2)共聚体制备：向步骤(1)得到的中和预聚体中加入氮肥、磷酸盐、钾盐、硅酸盐、钙盐、镁盐，再加入微量元素(包括铁盐、硼酸盐、铜盐、钼酸盐、锰盐和锌盐)，搅拌将温度控制在65-90℃，反应10-20分钟，然后降温至35-60℃，加入交联剂和引发剂，搅拌，至溶液变为凝胶状态，得到共聚体；
(3)成品制备：将共聚体干燥、粉碎，得到马铃薯聚合专用肥。
本发明涉及的步骤(1)中搅拌在密闭环境中进行，其匀速搅拌速度为60-70转/分钟，常温条件下的反应时间为10-20分钟，可以在50度以内适当增加反应温度，而减少反应时间。
本发明马铃薯聚合专用肥是将有机的保水因子与无机养分巧妙融合共聚产生的含亲水性基团的三维网状结构，通过大量的吸水膨胀形成水肥凝胶体，改变了化肥的速溶与作物对养分的吸收不匹配、不同步的天然矛盾，可以生物降解、双保双控、水肥同体、缓释同步、优化微生态环境、改良土壤、培肥地力。常规化肥利用率为10-35％，本发明的马铃薯聚合肥利用率可高达95％以上，是常规化肥利用率的3-4倍；节约了50％的化肥，节约了国家50％的能源。
与现有技术相比，本发明优化了马铃薯生长需要的营养元素及配比，并通过聚合反应将多种营养元素聚合为一体得到聚合专用肥，该专用肥既具有充足的养分，解决了常规化肥养分单一，利用率低、生物菌肥营养元素缺失、有机肥重金属超标等问题；能促进土壤团聚体的形成，又具有保育土壤的功效，也具有保温、保墒的功能；使用本发明聚合专用肥种植的马铃薯的产量增产率可达80.7％，种植的马铃薯富含矿物质、氨基酸、微量元素、满足了人体对营养元素摄取的均衡，保证了人体的营养健康。本发明聚合肥从根本上解决了国家提出的节水、减肥、减药“一节两减”农业可持续发展的战略问题；其制备方法简单，生产成本低，省工省时，节能环保，无毒、无害、无残留，可完全降解，不挥发，不爆炸，不燃烧，不溶于水，贮存安全，长期有效，质量安全可靠，市场前景广阔。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及一种马铃薯聚合专用肥，由包含吸水性聚合物单体、无机养分、催化剂、交联剂和引发剂的原料制得；其中吸水性聚合物单体为丙烯酸160g；无机养分为尿素160g、磷酸一铵320g、硫酸钾480g、硫酸钙48g、硫酸镁48g、硅酸钠56g、硫酸亚铁8g、硼酸钠8g、硫酸铜8g、钼酸铵8g、硫酸锰8g和硫酸锌8g；催化剂为pH值为8.0的氢氧化钾水溶液160g；交联剂为乙二醇80g；引发剂为过硫酸钾40g。
所述马铃薯聚合专用肥的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将氢氧化钾水溶液与丙烯酸混合，在转速60-70转/分钟，温度90℃下，反应10分钟后，得到中和预聚体；
(2)向步骤(1)得到的中和预聚体中依次加入160g尿素、320g磷酸一铵、480g硫酸钾、48g硫酸钙、48g硫酸镁、56g硅酸钠，再加入微量元素(包括8g硫酸亚铁、8g硼酸钠、8g硫酸铜、8g钼酸铵、8g硫酸锰和8g硫酸锌)，搅拌，将温度控制在65℃，反应10分钟，然后降温至35℃，加入乙二醇80g和过硫酸钾40g，搅拌，至溶液变为凝胶状态，得到共聚体；
(3)将共聚体干燥、粉碎，得到粉末状颗粒(最大颗粒毫米级)，即为马铃薯聚合专用肥。
本实施例得到的马铃薯聚合专用肥经实验室测试，其Ph值为6.0，有机质含量10-20％，吸水倍数15-20倍，氮磷钾总含量分别为氮8％、磷16％、钾20％；中量元素硅、钙、镁、硫总含量为5-10％；微量元素铁、硼、铜、钼、锰、锌总含量为0.3-3％。
本实施例将马铃薯生长需要的13种营养元素聚合为一体，实现了13种元素的一次施肥，确保马铃薯在整个生长期内养分不流失，实现作物的增产增收。
实施例2：
本实施例涉及一种马铃薯聚合专用肥，由包含吸水性聚合物单体、无机养分、催化剂、交联剂和引发剂的原料制得；其中吸水性聚合物单体为丙烯酸150g；无机养分为尿素80g、磷酸一铵150g、硫酸钾220g、硫酸钙16g、硫酸镁16g、硅酸钠18g、硫酸亚铁5g、硼酸钠5g、硫酸铜5g、钼酸铵5g、硫酸锰5g和硫酸锌5g；催化剂为pH值为8.0的氢氧化钠水溶液200g；交联剂为乙二醇50g；引发剂为过硫酸钾30g。。
所述马铃薯聚合专用肥的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将氢氧化钠水溶液与丙烯酸混合，在转速60-70转/分钟，温度110℃下，反应20分钟后，得到中和预聚体；
(2)向步骤(1)得到的中和预聚体中依次加入尿素、磷酸一铵、硫酸钾、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、硅酸钠、硫酸亚铁、硼酸钠、硫酸铜、钼酸铵、硫酸锰和硫酸锌，搅拌，将温度控制在90℃，反应20分钟，然后降温至60℃，加入乙二醇和过硫酸钾，搅拌，至溶液变为凝胶状态，得到共聚体；
(3)将共聚体干燥、粉碎，得到粉末状颗粒(最大颗粒毫米级)，即为马铃薯聚合专用肥。
实施例3：
本实施例为实施例1制备的马铃薯聚合专用肥的田间实验，具体实验过程如下：
在某农村选择一块供试土壤，分区进行马铃薯田间种植试验，实验组和对照组的试验地水浇条件及田间管理措施均一致，仅施用肥料及施肥方法不同。
实验组：对供试土壤不做处理，播种时按照30kg/亩的施肥量施用本实施例1的马铃薯聚合专用肥，一次性施入。
对照组：按照常规马铃薯种植方法，先采用有机肥对土壤进行处理，然后在播种时按照60kg/亩的施肥量一次性施用常规肥(15-15-15NPK复混肥)；生长过程中参照常规种植方法施加追肥和叶面肥。
待马铃薯成熟后，记录两组马铃薯的产量，并对马铃薯氨基酸含量进行检测，结果如表1-表2所示。
从表1可以看出，使用本发明的马铃薯聚合专用肥，马铃薯的产量与使用常规肥的马铃薯产量相比，增产80.7％。
从表2可以看出，常规肥料与马铃薯聚合专用肥在同等施肥的情况下，使用本发明马铃薯聚合专用肥种植的马铃薯的品质氨基酸含量、氨基酸总和明显增加，其中与抗病和抗逆有关的天门冬氨酸含量增加了29.9％；与口感香味和风味有关的谷氨酸含量增加了44.7％；毛发中含量较高的胱氨酸增加了276.9％；具有血管舒张作用，可用于治疗心脏病的组氨酸含量增加了117.2％,这些营养成分含量的显著提高增强了对人体防病治病的作用。
表1施用不同肥料下马铃薯的产量对比
表2不同肥料种植的马铃薯的品质部分氨基酸含量对比
Claims (8)
1.一种马铃薯聚合专用肥，其特征在于，由包含吸水性聚合物单体、无机养分、催化剂、交联剂和引发剂的原料经混合、加热聚合、干燥、粉碎而制得；无机养分包括氮肥、磷酸盐、钾盐、硅酸盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、硼酸盐、铜盐、钼酸盐、锰盐和锌盐；其中吸水性聚合物单体的添加重量为原料总重量的8-15％，氮肥的添加重量为原料总重量的5-10％、磷酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的15％-20％，钾盐的添加重量为原料总重量的20％-30％，硅酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的1.8％-3.5％，钙盐的添加重量为原料总重量的1.6％-3％，镁盐的添加重量为原料总重量的1.6％-3％，铁盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，硼酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，铜盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，钼酸盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，锰盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，锌盐的添加重量为原料总重量的0.05-0.5％，催化剂的添加重量为原料总重量的10-20％，交联剂的添加重量为原料总重量的2-5％，引发剂的添加重量为原料总重量的1-3％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥，其特征在于，所述吸水性聚合物单体为丙烯酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥，其特征在于，所述氮肥为尿素；磷酸盐为磷酸一铵；钾盐为硫酸钾；硅酸盐为硅酸钠；钙盐为硫酸钙；镁盐为硫酸镁；铁盐为硫酸亚铁；硼酸盐为硼酸钠；铜盐为硫酸铜；钼酸盐为钼酸铵；锰盐为硫酸锰；锌盐为硫酸锌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥，其特征在于，所述催化剂为氢氧化钠水溶液、氢氧化钾水溶液、氨水和氢氧化钙水溶液中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥，其特征在于，所述交联剂为乙二醇或N,N‘-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥，其特征在于，所述引发剂为过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钙中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤包括：
(1)预聚体制备：将催化剂与吸水性聚合物单体混合，搅拌，在温度90-110℃下反应，得到中和预聚体；
(2)共聚体制备：向步骤(1)得到的中和预聚体中加入氮肥、磷酸盐、钾盐、硅酸盐、钙盐、镁盐，再加入铁盐、硼酸盐、铜盐、钼酸盐、锰盐和锌盐，搅拌，将温度控制在65-90℃，反应10-20分钟，然后降温至35-60℃，加入交联剂和引发剂，搅拌，至溶液变为凝胶状态，得到共聚体；
(3)成品制备：将共聚体干燥、粉碎，得到马铃薯聚合专用肥。
8.根据权利要求7所述的马铃薯聚合专用肥的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中搅拌速度为60-70转/分钟，反应时间为10-20分钟。
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