CN114434937A - High-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating interlayer composite material with an electromagnetic function and a preparation method thereof. The composite material has a three-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a high-temperature-resistant material layer with an electromagnetic function, the middle layer is a high-temperature-resistant aerogel material layer, and the lower layer is a high-temperature-resistant material layer. The composite material has a special electromagnetic function and a moisture-proof function, has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low thermal conductivity, good heat insulation effect, high strength and toughness and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace and the like as a heat protection material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermal protection material, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating interlayer composite material with an electromagnetic function, and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aerospace thermal protection materials.
Background
Spacecraft and other high-speed aircrafts fly in the atmosphere or return to the atmosphere, and fly at high speed for a long time, the temperature outside the fuselage is very high, and the temperature is partially over 1000 ℃. Therefore, the material must have the properties of light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, low thermal conductivity and the like, so that the outside is prevented from being damaged by high temperature, and the internal equipment is prevented from being influenced by high temperature. The ceramic heat insulation tile for the American space shuttle is the earliest practical space heat insulation material and plays a key role in the field of space flight. The material is prepared by sintering ceramic short fibers, and has the following defects: the thermal conductivity is higher, generally not lower than 0.05W/m.k, so the thickness is larger, and the effective space of the aircraft is occupied; the brittleness is high, the toughness is low, the brittle failure is easy to generate, and the potential safety hazard is high; the tensile strength is also very low, generally not more than 3MPa, which is also one of the important factors for the damage of the ceramic heat insulation tile, and the stress damage between the rigid ceramic tile and the bonding matrix can be caused; the monomer area is small, generally not more than 150X 200mm, due to the higher modulus and the greater brittleness. The small single piece area in turn makes installation difficult and leaves numerous gaps that are difficult to handle.
In order to solve the above problems, recently developed aerogel composite materials have attracted attention in the aerospace materials community. The aerogel composite material has a good heat insulation effect, but the material is not scour-resistant and cannot be directly used for external heat insulation. Therefore, the trend is to prepare the sandwich composite material by taking the aerogel material as the middle layer and adding the panel material. Chinese patent (application number is CN201210120442) discloses a sandwich structure heat-proof and heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof; chinese patent (application No. CN201711291379.6) discloses a sandwich structure thermal protection material with a surface subjected to protection treatment and a preparation method thereof; chinese patent (application No. CN201711284736.6) discloses a sandwich structure thermal protection material with high panel strength and a manufacturing method thereof; a Chinese patent (with the application number of CN201910135763.X) discloses a low-cost high-temperature-resistant ceramic composite material and a rapid preparation method thereof; chinese patent (application number is CN202010583879.2) discloses an efficient heat-insulating sandwich structure aerogel heat-proof material and a preparation method thereof. In addition, there are some published papers that have published the relevant research content.
Although there have been many studies in the prior art that have been made on aerogel sandwich composites, there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently. For example, with the development of aircraft intelligence and the requirements of stealth and electromagnetic performance design of the aircraft, the materials are required to have special electromagnetic functions, including a surface waveguide function, an electromagnetic absorption function and the like; for example, the molding process of the material needs to be simplified, the surface is moisture-proof, the strength is improved, and the like, and the research results are particularly important for practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating interlayer composite material with an electromagnetic function, which not only has a special electromagnetic function and a moisture-proof function, but also has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low thermal conductivity, good heat-insulating effect, high strength and toughness and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace and the like as a heat-protecting material.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function, which has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, low cost and contribution to large-scale production.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with an electromagnetic function, which has a three-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a high-temperature-resistant material layer with the electromagnetic function, the middle layer is a high-temperature-resistant aerogel material layer, and the lower layer is a high-temperature-resistant material layer.
The high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating interlayer composite material with the electromagnetic function is composed of a high-temperature-resistant material upper plate layer with the electromagnetic function, a high-temperature-resistant aerogel material middle layer and a high-temperature-resistant material lower plate layer, wherein the upper plate layer has the special electromagnetic function and also has the functions of heat prevention, ablation resistance, scouring resistance, bearing and the like; the middle layer high temperature resistant aerogel material has the functions of heat insulation and load transmission, and the lower plate layer plays a role in improving the overall strength and the bonding strength.
Preferably, the high-temperature-resistant layer with the electromagnetic function is composed of a high-temperature-resistant material matrix and a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function in the matrix.
As a preferable scheme, the surface of the high temperature resistant layer with the electromagnetic function is provided with a nano polytetrafluoroethylene coating; the nano polytetrafluoroethylene coating not only can play a role in surface moisture prevention, but also can improve the bonding strength of the material.
Preferably, the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function is formed by weaving conductive metal fibers and high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers in a mixed manner. The conductive metal fiber and the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber are mixed and woven, so that the conductive metal fiber endows the upper board layer with a special electromagnetic function, and can play a role in enhancing mechanical properties when being mixed and woven with the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber, and endow the upper board layer with good mechanical strength and high toughness. However, the high-temperature resistant material matrix of the conductive metal fiber and the ceramic phase is difficult to be well compounded, and the oxidation resistance and the temperature resistance of the upper plate layer are reduced, the thermal expansion coefficient is increased, the thermal deformation matching of the multilayer structure is poor, and the conductive metal fiber and the ceramic phase cannot be independently used as a reinforcing phase of the high-temperature resistant material matrix; the single high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetallic fiber has no corresponding electromagnetic function; therefore, the conductive metal fiber and the ceramic are woven in a mixed mode, on one hand, the technical problems that the conductive metal fiber and the ceramic are poor in compatibility and cannot be well compounded can be solved, the conductive metal fiber and the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber are woven in a mixed mode, the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber is combined with the conductive metal fiber through physical weaving, the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber is easily combined with a base body, the combination strength between the conductive metal fiber and the base body is enhanced through the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber, and on the other hand, the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric is endowed with a good electromagnetic function through the mixed weaving of the conductive metal fiber and the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fiber. The conductive metal fibers are preferably stainless steel fibers and/or tungsten alloy fibers. The high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers are preferably at least one of quartz fibers, alumina fibers and mullite fibers.
Preferably, the refractory material matrix is at least one of quartz, alumina, mullite and zirconia.
As a preferable scheme, the thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function is 0.5-9 mm.
As a preferable scheme, the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function is formed by mixing and weaving conductive metal fibers and high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers by adopting a 2.5D weaving structure. The invention relates to a fiber weaving technology, which is a common technology in the prior art, and one of the key points of the invention is that in the distribution mode of conductive metal fibers and high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers, the conductive metal fibers are distributed on one side of the upper surface of a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with an electromagnetic function, and the distribution range of the conductive metal fibers is not more than half of the thickness of the section of the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function. According to the technical scheme, the conductive metal fibers are distributed on the upper surface, on one hand, the complex interaction between the transmission of electromagnetic waves through the wave-transmitting layer (the woven layer without the metal fibers) and the reflection of the electromagnetic waves (the mixed woven layer with the metal fibers) can be effectively reduced, on the other hand, the high-temperature-resistant inorganic non-metal fibers with good compatibility with the ceramic of the high-temperature-resistant material matrix are mainly distributed on the lower layer, and the bonding performance of the whole high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric and the high-temperature-resistant material matrix can be greatly improved. In the process of mixing and weaving the conductive metal fibers and the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers, the conductive metal fibers are only distributed on one side, close to the upper surface, of the fabric, the distribution range is 50% of the thickness of the fabric to the upper surface, the conductive metal fibers exist in the range not more than half of the thickness of the fabric seen from the cross section of the fabric, the rest parts are all the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers without the conductive metal fibers, the gaps in the surfaces of the conductive metal fibers are not more than 150 micrometers, the gaps can be filled with the high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers or high-temperature-resistant material matrixes, and the purpose of introducing the conductive metal fibers in the mode is to ensure the electromagnetic function of the final material.
As a preferred scheme, the high-temperature resistant aerogel material layer is made of a high-temperature resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material.
As a preferable scheme, the high-temperature resistant fiber in the high-temperature resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material is at least one of quartz fiber, alumina fiber, basalt short fiber and mullite fiber, and the aerogel is at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, silica-alumina binary aerogel and mullite aerogel. These high temperature resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composites are common materials that have been reported or produced. The high-temperature resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material is a common material reported in the prior art.
As a preferable scheme, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant aerogel material layer is 3-100 mm. The thickness of the high-temperature resistant aerogel material layer is preferably 5-30 mm.
Preferably, the lower refractory layer is composed of a refractory material matrix and a refractory fiber fabric inside the matrix.
Preferably, the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is woven by high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetallic fibers.
As a preferable scheme, the high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers are at least one of quartz fibers, alumina fibers and mullite fibers.
As a preferable scheme, the high temperature resistant material matrix is made of at least one of quartz, alumina, mullite and zirconia.
As a preferable scheme, the thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is 0.1-2 mm. The thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is preferably 0.2-1 mm.
As a preferable scheme, the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is woven by high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetallic fibers in a 2.5D weaving structure.
As a preferred scheme, the high temperature resistant material layer with the electromagnetic function, the high temperature resistant aerogel material layer and the high temperature resistant material layer are sewn through ceramic fiber threads in a needling mode. The interlayer bonding strength can be improved by needling and sewing the ceramic fiber thread. Ceramic fiber wires include, but are not limited to, quartz fibers, alumina fibers, mullite fibers, silicon carbide fibers, and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function, which comprises the following steps:
1) conducting metal fibers and high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers are adopted for mixed weaving to obtain a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with an electromagnetic function;
2) weaving by adopting high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetallic fibers to obtain a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric;
3) sequentially overlapping the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric, the high-temperature-resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material and the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function from bottom to top, and carrying out needling sewing through ceramic fiber threads to obtain a prefabricated body;
4) spraying a high-temperature-resistant material precursor on the upper surface and the lower surface of the prefabricated body, and sintering to obtain a blank body;
5) and (5) carrying out hydrophobic hole sealing treatment on the upper and lower surfaces of the blank to obtain the product.
As a preferable scheme, the sintering temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the time is 20-200 minutes. The sintering temperature is preferably 700-900 ℃, and the time is preferably 30-80 minutes.
As a preferred scheme, the hydrophobic hole sealing treatment process is as follows: coating the upper and lower surfaces of the blank with nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry, and then performing high-temperature treatment at the temperature of 300-450 ℃. Through the treatment, the purposes of surface hole sealing and moisture prevention can be achieved, and meanwhile, the strength of the composite material is improved. The solid content of the nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry is 20-30%.
The precursor of the high-temperature resistant material is sol or slurry prepared by using precursors of high-temperature resistant materials such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, mullite and the like.
In the process of spraying the high-temperature-resistant material precursors on the upper surface and the lower surface of the prefabricated body, sol or slurry of the high-temperature-resistant material precursors is sprayed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the prefabricated body, so that the sol or the slurry is fully absorbed into upper and lower fabrics, is dried, is repeatedly sprayed for multiple times until the sol or the slurry is not absorbed, and is then placed in a high-temperature furnace for sintering. The invention uses the spraying mode to densify the upper panel layer and the lower panel layer, thereby simplifying the process.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating interlayer composite material with the electromagnetic function provided by the invention not only has the special electromagnetic function and the moisture-proof function, but also has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low heat conductivity, good heat-insulating effect, high strength and toughness and the like, for example, in the frequency range of 6-18GHz, the shielding attenuation of electromagnetic waves is not less than 45dB, the normal-temperature heat conductivity is 0.035W/m.K, the 800-DEG C heat conductivity is 0.055W/m.K, the whole material is kept intact after heating, the whole tensile strength is 8.3MPa, the moisture absorption rate at the normal temperature of 95% humidity for 48 hours is 0.8%, and the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating interlayer composite material can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace and the like as a heat-protecting material.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function, provided by the invention, is simple in process, easy to operate, low in cost and beneficial to large-scale production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with an electromagnetic function.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The starting materials mentioned in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents or synthetic starting materials which are reported in the literature.
Example 1
The high-temperature-resistant heat-insulation sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function is composed of an upper plate layer, a middle aerogel heat-insulation layer and a lower plate layer which are made of ceramic composite materials. The three layers are connected with each other by ceramic fiber wires. The preparation was completed by the following steps.
The method comprises the following steps that firstly, 70tex quartz fibers and 304 stainless steel fibers with the diameter of about 20 micrometers are mixed and woven, the weaving structure is 2.5D, the total weaving thickness is 1 +/-0.1 mm, the thickness distribution range of the stainless steel wires is 0-0.5 mm, and the distance between the stainless steel fibers in the plane is about 120 micrometers.
Secondly, a mullite cotton reinforced silica aerogel thermal insulation layer is adopted, and the thickness is 14 +/-0.2 mm;
thirdly, quartz fiber twill cloth (purchased from Zhengzhou Shenjiu Tianhang New Material Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm is adopted;
and fourthly, preparing a quartz fiber suture line, wherein the diameter of the suture line is about 1 mm. Sewing the three layers together by steel needles in sequence, wherein the distance between the needles is 14 mm; the stainless steel fiber is arranged on one side close to the upper surface of the integral structure;
and fifthly, respectively spraying the upper and lower surfaces of the product obtained in the fourth step with silica sol with the solid content of 30% to enable liquid to be absorbed into the fabrics of the upper and lower panel layers. After spraying, the mixture is dried for 3 hours at 100 ℃. Spraying and drying are repeated for 5 times;
sixthly, placing the product obtained in the fifth step in a high-temperature furnace to sinter at 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 minutes;
and seventhly, performing surface coating on the product obtained in the sixth step by using nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry with the solid content of 24%, and performing high-temperature treatment at 380 ℃ to achieve the purposes of surface hole sealing and moisture prevention.
Finally obtaining the high-temperature resistant heat insulation sandwich composite material flat plate with the size of 200 multiplied by 15.5 mm. The shielding attenuation of the electromagnetic wave is not less than 45dB (the test method refers to GB/T30142-2013) in the frequency range of 6-18 GHz; the heat conductivity at normal temperature is 0.035W/m.K (GB/T10295-2008); the heat conductivity at 800 ℃ is 0.055W/m.K (YB/T4130-; the overall tensile strength is 8.3MPa (refer to GJB 6475-2008); the mass moisture absorption rate is 0.8% (GB/T5480.7-2008).
Comparative example 1
This high temperature resistant heat insulating interlayer combined material of comparison embodiment comprises ceramic combined material upper panel layer, middle aerogel insulating layer, lower panel layer three-layer. The three layers are connected with each other by ceramic fiber wires. The preparation was completed by the following steps.
Firstly, 70tex quartz fiber is adopted for weaving, metal fiber is not added for mixed weaving, the weaving structure is 2.5D, and the total weaving thickness is 1 +/-0.1 mm.
Secondly, a mullite cotton reinforced silica aerogel thermal insulation layer is adopted, and the thickness is 14 +/-0.2 mm;
thirdly, quartz fiber twill cloth (purchased from Zhengzhou Shenjiu Tianhang New Material Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm is adopted;
and fourthly, preparing a quartz fiber suture line, wherein the diameter of the suture line is about 1 mm. Sewing the three layers together by steel needles in sequence, wherein the distance between the needles is 14 mm;
and fifthly, respectively spraying the upper and lower surfaces of the product obtained in the fourth step with silica sol with the solid content of 30% to enable liquid to be absorbed into the fabrics of the upper and lower panel layers. After spraying, the mixture is dried for 3 hours at 100 ℃. Spraying and drying are repeated for 5 times;
sixthly, placing the product obtained in the fifth step in a high-temperature furnace to sinter at 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 minutes;
and seventhly, performing surface coating on the product obtained in the sixth step by using nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry with the solid content of 24%, and performing high-temperature treatment at 380 ℃ to achieve the purposes of surface hole sealing and moisture prevention.
Finally obtaining the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material flat plate with the size of 200 multiplied by 15.5mm, and the performance detection results are as follows (the test method/standard is the same as the example 1): in the frequency range of 6-18GHz, the shielding attenuation of the electromagnetic wave is 2dB (not less than 45dB in the embodiment 1); the heat conductivity at normal temperature is 0.032W/m.K; the thermal conductivity at 800 ℃ is 0.051W/m.K, and the whole body is kept intact after heating; the integral tensile strength is 8.7 MPa; the mass moisture absorption rate was 0.7%.
It can be seen from the above comparative examples that the hybrid metal fibers significantly improve the electromagnetic shielding performance, while for other properties such as thermal conductivity, the performance of the hybrid is substantially equivalent to that of the ceramic fibers woven alone.
Example 2
The high-temperature-resistant heat-insulation sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function is composed of an upper plate layer, a middle aerogel heat-insulation layer and a lower plate layer which are made of ceramic composite materials. The three layers are connected with each other by ceramic fiber wires. The preparation was completed by the following steps.
Firstly, quartz fibers of 90tex and 316 stainless steel fibers with the diameter of about 20 micrometers are mixed and woven, the weaving structure is 2.5D, the total weaving thickness is 1.5 +/-0.2 mm, the thickness distribution range of the stainless steel wires is 0-0.7mm, and the distance between the stainless steel fibers in the plane is about 140 micrometers.
Secondly, adopting a mullite cotton reinforced silica aerogel thermal insulation layer with the thickness of 16 +/-0.2 mm;
thirdly, quartz fiber twill cloth (purchased from Zhengzhou Shenjiu Tianhang New Material Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm is adopted;
and fourthly, preparing a quartz fiber suture line, wherein the diameter of the suture line is about 1 mm. Sewing the three layers together by steel needles in sequence, wherein the distance between the needles is 16 mm; the stainless steel fiber is arranged on one side close to the upper surface of the integral structure;
and fifthly, respectively spraying the upper and lower surfaces of the product obtained in the fourth step with mullite alumina sol with the solid content of 25% to enable liquid to be absorbed into the fabrics of the upper and lower panel layers. After spraying, the mixture is dried for 3 hours at 100 ℃. Spraying and drying are repeated for 5 times;
sixthly, placing the product obtained in the fifth step in a high-temperature furnace to sinter at 750 ℃, and preserving heat for 35 minutes;
and seventhly, performing surface coating on the product obtained in the sixth step by using nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry with the solid content of 24%, and performing high-temperature treatment at 380 ℃ to achieve the purposes of surface hole sealing and moisture prevention.
Finally obtaining the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite arc panel with the size of 300 multiplied by 17mm, and the performance detection results are as follows (the test method/standard is the same as the example 1): in the frequency range of 2-12GHz, the shielding attenuation of the electromagnetic wave is 52 dB; the heat conductivity at normal temperature is 0.037W/m.K; the heat conductivity at 800 ℃ is 0.052W/m.K, and the whole body is kept intact after heating; the integral tensile strength is 5.6 MPa; the mass moisture absorption rate was 0.7%.
Example 3
The high-temperature-resistant heat-insulation sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function is composed of an upper plate layer, a middle aerogel heat-insulation layer and a lower plate layer which are made of ceramic composite materials. The three layers are connected with each other by ceramic fiber wires. The preparation was completed by the following steps.
Firstly, quartz fibers of 40tex and 310S stainless steel fibers with the diameter of about 20 micrometers are mixed and woven, the weaving structure is 2.5D, the total weaving thickness is 1.2 +/-0.2 mm, the thickness distribution range of stainless steel wires is 0-0.6mm, and the distance between the stainless steel fibers in a plane is about 150 micrometers.
Secondly, adopting a mullite cotton reinforced silica aerogel thermal insulation layer, wherein the thickness is 15 +/-0.2 mm;
thirdly, quartz fiber twill cloth (purchased from Zhengzhou Shenjiu Tianhang New Material Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm is adopted;
and fourthly, preparing a quartz fiber suture line, wherein the diameter of the suture line is about 1 mm. Sewing the three layers together by steel needles in sequence, wherein the distance between the needles is 13 mm; the stainless steel fiber is arranged on one side close to the upper surface of the integral structure;
and fifthly, respectively spraying the product obtained in the fourth step on the upper surface and the lower surface by using silica sol with the solid content of 25% so as to enable liquid to be absorbed into the fabrics of the upper panel layer and the lower panel layer. After spraying, the mixture is dried for 3 hours at 100 ℃. Spraying and drying are repeated for 5 times;
sixthly, placing the product obtained in the fifth step in a high-temperature furnace to sinter at 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 40 minutes;
and seventhly, performing surface coating on the product obtained in the sixth step by using nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry with the solid content of 24%, and performing high-temperature treatment at 380 ℃ to achieve the purposes of surface hole sealing and moisture prevention.
Finally obtaining the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite arc panel with the size of 300 multiplied by 16.7mm, and the performance detection results are as follows (the test method/standard is the same as the example 1): in the frequency range of 6-12GHz, the attenuation to the waveguide is 48 dB; the heat conductivity at normal temperature is 0.039W/m.K; the heat conductivity at 800 ℃ is 0.061W/m.K, and the whole body is kept intact after heating; the integral tensile strength is 7.5 MPa; the mass moisture absorption rate was 0.5%.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature resistant thermal-insulated intermediate layer combined material with electromagnetic function which characterized in that: the electromagnetic heating device is provided with a three-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a high-temperature-resistant material layer with an electromagnetic function, the middle layer is a high-temperature-resistant aerogel material layer, and the lower layer is a high-temperature-resistant material layer.
2. The high temperature resistant thermal insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the high-temperature resistant layer with the electromagnetic function consists of a high-temperature resistant material matrix and high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function in the matrix;
the surface of the high-temperature resistant layer with the electromagnetic function is provided with a nano polytetrafluoroethylene coating;
the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function is formed by mixing and weaving conductive metal fibers and high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers;
the high-temperature resistant material matrix is at least one of quartz, alumina, mullite and zirconia;
the conductive metal fiber is stainless steel fiber and/or tungsten alloy fiber;
the high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers are at least one of quartz fibers, alumina fibers and mullite fibers.
3. The high temperature resistant thermal insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function is 0.5-9 mm;
the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function is formed by mixing and weaving conductive metal fibers and high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers in a 2.5D weaving structure, the conductive metal fibers are distributed on one side of the upper surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function, and the distribution range of the conductive metal fibers is not more than half of the thickness of the section of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function; the conductive metal fiber in-plane gap is not more than 150 microns.
4. The high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the high-temperature resistant aerogel material layer is made of a high-temperature resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material;
the high-temperature resistant fiber in the high-temperature resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material is at least one of quartz fiber, alumina fiber, basalt short fiber and mullite fiber, and the aerogel is at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, silica-alumina binary aerogel and mullite aerogel.
5. A high temperature resistant thermal insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant aerogel material layer is 3-100 mm.
6. The high temperature resistant thermal insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the lower-layer high-temperature-resistant material consists of a high-temperature-resistant material matrix and a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric in the matrix;
the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is woven by high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetallic fibers;
the high-temperature resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers are at least one of quartz fibers, alumina fibers and mullite fibers; the high-temperature resistant material matrix is made of at least one of quartz, alumina, mullite and zirconia.
7. The high temperature resistant thermal insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that:
the thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is 0.1-2 mm;
the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric is formed by weaving high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetallic fibers in a 2.5D weaving structure.
8. The high temperature resistant thermal insulating sandwich composite material with electromagnetic function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature resistant material layer with the electromagnetic function, the high-temperature resistant aerogel material layer and the high-temperature resistant material layer are sewn through needling of ceramic fiber threads.
9. The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) conducting metal fibers and high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetal fibers are adopted for mixed weaving to obtain a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with an electromagnetic function;
2) weaving by adopting high-temperature-resistant inorganic nonmetallic fibers to obtain a high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric;
3) sequentially overlapping the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric, the high-temperature-resistant fiber reinforced aerogel composite material and the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric with the electromagnetic function from bottom to top, and carrying out needling sewing through ceramic fiber threads to obtain a prefabricated body;
4) spraying a high-temperature-resistant material precursor on the upper surface and the lower surface of the prefabricated body, and sintering to obtain a blank body;
5) and (5) carrying out hydrophobic hole sealing treatment on the upper and lower surfaces of the blank to obtain the product.
10. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating sandwich composite material with the electromagnetic function according to claim 9, is characterized in that:
the sintering temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 20-200 minutes;
the hydrophobic hole sealing treatment process comprises the following steps: coating the upper and lower surfaces of the blank with nano polytetrafluoroethylene slurry, and then performing high-temperature treatment at the temperature of 300-450 ℃.
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| CN109824372A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Low-cost high-temperature-resistant ceramic composite material and rapid preparation method thereof |
| CN110643142A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-01-03 | 华东理工大学 | Surface conductive light composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102642350A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-22 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Ceramic composite material of high temperature insulation sandwich structure and method for preparing ceramic composite material |
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