CN114434338B - Abrasive water jet system and abrasive jet cutting method - Google Patents
Abrasive water jet system and abrasive jet cutting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114434338B CN114434338B CN202210198045.9A CN202210198045A CN114434338B CN 114434338 B CN114434338 B CN 114434338B CN 202210198045 A CN202210198045 A CN 202210198045A CN 114434338 B CN114434338 B CN 114434338B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 230000026058 directional locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
- B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
- B24C3/04—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other stationary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
- B24C7/0015—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier
- B24C7/0023—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier of feed pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an abrasive water jet system and an abrasive jet cutting method, wherein the jet system comprises a high-pressure alloy pipe, a nozzle is arranged at the end part of the high-pressure alloy pipe, the high-pressure alloy pipe passes through a pressure regulating cavity and a piston, the piston is fixed on the high-pressure alloy pipe, the piston is positioned in the pressure regulating cavity, the piston can slide along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe, the piston divides the interior of the pressure regulating cavity into a pressure regulating air chamber and a communicating air chamber, the pressure regulating air chamber and the communicating air chamber are sequentially close to the nozzle and are not communicated with each other, the communicating air chamber is communicated with the outside, the pressure regulating air chamber is communicated with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline, a miniature air pump is arranged on the air inlet pipeline, and the air outlet pipeline is provided with an intelligent electromagnetic flow valve. Compared with the prior art, the special-shaped workpiece cutting machine does not need complex manual operation and calculation, and can greatly improve the cutting quality and the working efficiency of special-shaped workpieces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of jet cutting, in particular to an abrasive water jet cutting technology.
Background
The abrasive water jet is a solid-liquid two-phase jet formed by mixing abrasive particles and water with acceleration by taking water as an energy transmission medium, and has developed into a cold-state processing technology with remarkable advantages since the formal entry of the industrial manufacturing field in the 70 th century. Because the abrasive water jet system is simple, low in cost, small in cutting force and free of heat affected zones, the abrasive water jet system is widely applied to the fields of high-pressure cleaning, metal cutting, rust removal, deburring and rock breaking. The abrasive water jet can finish the operations of cutting difficult-to-process materials, surface treatment and the like by adjusting jet pressure, abrasive concentration and particle size, nozzle diameter, moving speed and cutting target distance. Wherein the adjustment of the target distance directly affects the slit width, shape, operation efficiency and slit quality. In general, the width of the kerf increases with increasing target distance, which is more pronounced at relatively low jet pressures. Therefore, selecting a suitable target distance and maintaining the stability of the target distance during cutting is an important guarantee of abrasive water jet cutting quality.
At present, a high-precision machine tool is used for controlling the movement of a nozzle in a horizontal X axis and a Y axis in most abrasive water jet cutting operations, the Z axis position of the nozzle needs to be calibrated before starting the operations, and in most cases, the flatness of a cut surface is high, and the Z axis is not adjusted in the operation process. When a special-shaped workpiece or a rough rock surface is cut, the target distance in the cutting process is difficult to keep stable because the change condition of the relative height of the cut surface in the cutting path cannot be known in advance, and when the target distance is required to be higher than the maximum drop of the cut surface so as to avoid collision between a nozzle and a test piece, the popularization of the abrasive water jet cutting technology is greatly limited.
The prior art provides a concentric jet nozzle device capable of realizing the self-adjustment of the irregular surface machining target distance, and the device utilizes the reaction force change of the concentric nozzle impacting the target surface caused by the flow change of the concentric nozzle, and achieves the effect of keeping the machining target distance stable on the irregular target surface based on the adjustment of a lever arm. But the device can not realize the stability of the processing target distance when cutting uneven surfaces under the condition of constant jet pressure, and the processing and application difficulties of the concentric nozzle are large because the abrasive jet cutting nozzle has small inner diameter and high pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an abrasive water jet system to solve the problem that in the prior art, when a special-shaped workpiece is cut, the adjustment of a target distance is unstable; and secondly, an abrasive water jet cutting method based on an abrasive water jet system is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an abrasive water jet system, includes the high-pressure alloy pipe, the tip of high-pressure alloy pipe has the shower nozzle, the high-pressure alloy pipe passes pressure regulating chamber and piston, the piston is fixed on the high-pressure alloy pipe, the piston is located the inside in pressure regulating chamber, the piston can be followed the axial direction slip of high-pressure alloy pipe, the piston separates the inside in pressure regulating chamber into pressure regulating chamber and intercommunication air chamber, pressure regulating chamber and intercommunication air chamber are close to in proper order the shower nozzle and each other do not communicate, intercommunication air chamber and outside intercommunication, pressure regulating chamber and inlet tube and exhaust tube all communicate, be equipped with miniature air pump on the inlet tube, the exhaust tube is equipped with intelligent electromagnetic flow valve, works as the shower nozzle produces the trend of being close to the direction motion in pressure regulating chamber, electromagnetic flow valve discharges the gas of preset quality, works as the shower nozzle produces when keeping away from the direction motion in pressure regulating chamber, miniature air pump pours into the gas of preset quality into the trend for the inside constancy of pressure regulating chamber.
According to the technical means, when the spray head generates an instant moment of a trend of moving away from the pressure regulating cavity, the air pressure and the volume in the pressure regulating air chamber are unchanged, the jet flow generates a counter force smaller than the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber, the distance between the cutting position at the next moment and the spray head is further increased, in order to ensure the constant target distance, a micro air pump needs to be started to inject the air with preset mass into the pressure regulating air chamber, the air with preset mass can push the piston to move towards the direction of the special-shaped workpiece, and when the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber returns to an initial state, the counter force generated by the jet flow is balanced with the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber, so that the target distance is adjusted; when the shower nozzle produces the moment that is close to the trend of the directional motion of pressure regulating chamber, the inside atmospheric pressure of pressure regulating chamber and volume are unchangeable, and the efflux produces the counter-force and is less than the inside atmospheric pressure of pressure regulating chamber, and then the distance of explanation cutting position and shower nozzle diminishes, in order to guarantee the invariable of target distance, it is gaseous to need start electromagnetic flow valve and discharge preset mass, thereby move the shower nozzle towards the direction that is close to the pressure regulating chamber, make the piston can compress the volume of pressure regulating chamber, when the indoor atmospheric pressure of pressure regulating chamber returns to initial condition, the counter-force that the explanation efflux produced is balanced with the indoor atmospheric pressure of pressure regulating chamber, and then accomplish the adjustment of target distance, through above-mentioned process, stability of target distance has been realized.
Further, still include ultrasonic sensor and control center, ultrasonic sensor, miniature air pump and intelligent electromagnetic flow valve all with the control center electricity is connected, ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting the cutting position at the next moment in real time with distance between the ultrasonic sensor, control center is according to ultrasonic sensor's testing result, starts intelligent electromagnetic flow valve or miniature air pump.
According to the technical means, the distance of the cutting position at the next moment can be predicted according to the ultrasonic sensor, and the accuracy of adjusting the target distance is further improved.
Further, the ultrasonic sensor is arranged at intervals with the spray head.
Avoiding the fragments after jet cutting from impacting the ultrasonic sensor.
Further, a pressure sensor is arranged in the pressure regulating chamber and used for measuring the air pressure in the pressure regulating chamber, and the pressure sensor, the miniature air pump, the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve and the ultrasonic sensor are all electrically connected with the control center.
Further, a buffer spring is installed on the inner wall of the communicating air chamber, and the high-pressure alloy pipe penetrates through the inner wall.
According to the technical means, impact damage of the piston and the pressure regulating cavity caused by overlarge air pressure of the pressure regulating air chamber is avoided.
Further, the high-voltage alloy pipe is provided with a protective baffle, the protective baffle is provided with a through hole, the high-voltage alloy pipe penetrates through the through hole, and the pipe diameter of the high-voltage alloy pipe is smaller than the aperture of the through hole.
According to the technical means, the damage of parts such as the pressure regulating cavity and the like by water fragments after impacting jet flow is avoided.
Further, the high-pressure alloy pipe is provided with a limiting block, the limiting block extends towards the radial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe, and the limiting block is located between the protective baffle and the pressure regulating cavity.
Further, the air inlet pipeline is provided with a first one-way valve, and the air outlet pipeline is provided with a second one-way valve.
According to the technical means, the air tightness in the pressure regulating chamber is ensured.
An abrasive water jet system-based abrasive jet cutting method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a calibration flat plate is arranged in front of a spray head, and the initial state of an abrasive water jet system is calibrated, wherein the initial state of the abrasive water jet system is specifically as follows: the air pressure in the pressure regulating chamber is p 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mass of the gas in the pressure-regulating chamber is M 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the piston and the inner side surface of the pressure regulating chamber along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe is h, wherein the distance between the piston and the inner side surface of the pressure regulating chamber along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe is smaller than the length of the pressure regulating chamber along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe;
placing an ultrasonic sensor at the position of the spray head, so that the jet flow sprayed out of the spray head is positioned in front of the ultrasonic sensor, measuring the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the calibration flat plate through the ultrasonic sensor, and calibrating the distance to be 0 in a control center;
the method comprises the steps of replacing a calibration flat plate with a special-shaped workpiece, inputting a cutting movement speed, a target distance, jet pressure and abrasive concentration in a control center, starting an abrasive water jet system, gradually moving jet ejected by a jet head from a starting point position of the special-shaped workpiece to an end point position of a workpiece to be cut, and finishing cutting, wherein an ultrasonic sensor continuously transmits height change information delta h on a cutting path of the special-shaped workpiece to the control center in the cutting process;
after cutting throughIn the process, the abrasive water jet system starts a response mechanism, and the response mechanism is specifically as follows: if Δh is greater than 0, injecting gas of preset mass into the micro air pump, and moving the piston toward the direction close to the workpiece to be cut to make the air pressure in the pressure regulating chamber be p 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If delta h is less than 0, the electromagnetic flow valve discharges the gas with preset mass, and the piston moves towards the direction away from the workpiece to be cut, so that the air pressure in the pressure regulating chamber is p 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If Δh=0, the piston is located at the initial state position.
Further, the preset mass is specifically expressed as:
M＝M 1 *(|Δh|/h)；
wherein: m represents the preset mass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention senses the height change on the cutting path in advance through the ultrasonic sensor, the control center and the pressure regulating cavity, automatically regulates the position of the nozzle, ensures that the target distance is kept stable when the abrasive jet cuts an uneven workpiece, does not need complex manual operation and calculation, and can greatly improve the cutting quality and the working efficiency of the abnormal workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Wherein, 1-nozzle; 2-high pressure alloy tube; 3-piston; 4-a pressure regulating cavity; 5-exhaust pipe; 6-an intelligent electromagnetic flow valve; 7-a second one-way valve; 8-an air inlet pipe; 9-a first one-way valve; 10-a miniature air pump; 11-high pressure hose; 12-linker; 13-a control center; 14-an ultrasonic sensor; 15-a protective baffle; 16-special-shaped workpieces; 17-limiting blocks; 18-an anti-collision rubber cushion; 19-connecting the air chamber; 20-a pressure regulating air chamber; 21-a buffer spring; 22-constant pressure hole.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, by referring to the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are presented by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The embodiment provides an abrasive water jet system, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising a high-pressure alloy pipe 2, wherein a nozzle 1 is connected to one end of the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 in a threaded manner, a connector 12 is arranged at the other end of the high-pressure alloy pipe 2, and a high-pressure hose 11 is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 through the connector 12, so that jet flow in the high-pressure hose 11 can be sprayed out through the nozzle 1.
The abrasive water jet system further comprises a piston 3 and a pressure regulating cavity 4, the piston 3 is located inside the pressure regulating cavity 4, the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 passes through the pressure regulating cavity 4 and the piston 3, the piston 3 is fixed on the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 and is rigidly connected with the high-pressure alloy pipe 2, the piston 3 can slide reciprocally in the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 under the driving of the high-pressure alloy pipe 2, the piston 3 divides the inside of the pressure regulating cavity 4 into a communication air chamber 19 and a pressure regulating air chamber 20, the piston 3 is in sliding seal with the inner wall of the pressure regulating cavity 4, the communication air chamber 19 and the pressure regulating air chamber 20 are prevented from being communicated, a constant pressure hole 22 is formed in the communication air chamber 19, the communication air chamber 19 is guaranteed to be communicated with the outside at any time, and the air pressure in the communication air chamber 19 is enabled to keep 1 atmosphere. The communicating air chamber 19 and the pressure regulating air chamber 20 are sequentially far away from the spray head 1, and sealing rubber rings are arranged at the positions of the high-pressure alloy pipes 2 penetrating through the pressure regulating cavities 4, so that the tightness of the inside of the pressure regulating air chamber 20 is further ensured.
The pressure regulating air chamber 20 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 5 and the air inlet pipe 8, the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 8 is communicated with the miniature air pump 10, the air inlet pipe 8 is provided with a first one-way valve 9, so that air in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 cannot be discharged from the air inlet pipe 8, meanwhile, the air can be injected into the pressure regulating air chamber 20 only through the miniature air pump 10, the exhaust pipe 5 is provided with an intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6, a second one-way valve 7 is arranged between the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6 and the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 5, when the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6 is opened, the air in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 can only be discharged through the second one-way valve 7, external air cannot enter the pressure regulating air chamber 20 through the second one-way valve 7, and the piston 3 is driven through jet flow back-pushing pressure and pressure difference of the air in the pressure regulating air chamber 20. A pressure sensor is provided in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 for measuring the static pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 in real time.
The high-pressure alloy pipe 2 passes through the through hole of the protective baffle 15, the diameter of the through hole is larger than the pipe diameter of the high-pressure alloy pipe 2, the protective baffle 15 is not directly connected with the abrasive jet flow target distance intelligent control system, so that extra resistance is prevented from being increased, equipment damage caused by abrasive splash back is prevented, and a gap between the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 and the protective baffle 15 is shielded by using a soft adhesive tape.
The buffer spring 21 is arranged on the inner wall of the communication air chamber 19, the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 passes through the inner wall, and the piston 3 and the inner wall which are subjected to pressure regulation are prevented from being directly collided due to the overlarge pressure of the pressure regulating air chamber 20, so that impact damage is caused.
Be equipped with stopper 17 on high pressure alloy pipe 2, stopper 17 extends towards the radial direction of high pressure alloy pipe 2, and stopper 17 is located between pressure regulating chamber 4 and the protective baffle 15, avoids the too big striking that leads to pressure regulating chamber 4 and protective baffle 15 of atmospheric pressure in the pressure regulating chamber 20, is spacing simultaneously.
The abrasive water jet system further comprises an ultrasonic sensor 14 and a control center 13, wherein the ultrasonic sensor 14 is used for measuring the distance between the spray head 1 and each position of the special-shaped workpiece 16, and the control center 13 is equivalent to a controller and is electrically connected with the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6, the pressure sensor, the ultrasonic sensor 14 and the miniature air pump 10.
The process of using the abrasive water jet system to perform jet cutting operation is as follows:
before performing abrasive jet cutting operations, it is necessary to calibrate the initial state of each component of the abrasive water jet system, in particular:
placing a calibration flat plate in front of a nozzle 1, attaching the front end of a piston 3 to a buffer spring 21, setting the pressure of a pressure regulating air chamber 20 to be 1 atmosphere, closing an intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6, inputting jet pressure, target distance and abrasive concentration into a control center 13, keeping the jet pressure, target distance and abrasive concentration consistent with parameters in cutting operation, starting an abrasive water jet system, spraying an abrasive water mixture from the nozzle 1 through a high-pressure hose 11 through a joint 12 and a high-pressure gold pipe 2 onto the calibration flat plate, moving the piston 3 backwards under the action of the counter-thrust of the jet and extruding air in the pressure regulating air chamber 20, measuring the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 by a pressure sensor and transmitting the air pressure to the control center 14, and recording that the pressure of the pressure regulating air chamber 20 is P after the pressure is stable 0 At this time, the control center 14 changes the air quantity in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 by exhausting through the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6 or injecting air through the micro air pump 10 so that the piston 3 is positioned in the middle of the pressure regulating cavity 4, and the pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 still keeps P 0 The ultrasonic sensor 14 is turned on to measure the target distance and the mass M of the gas at this time 1 Inputting the target distance into the control center 14, calibrating the target distance detected at the moment to be 0 in the control center 14, closing the abrasive jet generation system, taking the calibration flat plate away, and completing the calibration.
After the initial state of the abrasive water jet system is calibrated, the calibration flat plate is replaced by a special-shaped workpiece 16 to be cut, the cutting direction is shown in the arrow direction at the left side of fig. 1, the ultrasonic sensor 14 and the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 are arranged at intervals, the interval is L, broken stones after cutting are prevented from impacting and damaging the ultrasonic sensor 14, in the process that the spray head 1 moves along the cutting direction, the ultrasonic sensor 14 and the protective baffle 15 synchronously move along with the spray head 1, and the ultrasonic sensor 14 and the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 keep an equal vertical distance state.
Firstly, 4, keeping the axial position of the ultrasonic sensor 14 in the high-pressure alloy pipe 2 unchanged when the initial state of the calibrated abrasive water jet system is maintained, only changing the radial position of the ultrasonic sensor 14, placing the ultrasonic sensor 14 at the initial cutting position of the special-shaped workpiece 16, starting the ultrasonic sensor 1 to start ranging, and then along the direction of the special-shaped workpieceThe cutting direction slowly moves, the ultrasonic sensor 14 continuously transmits the height change information deltah on the cutting path of the special-shaped workpiece 16 to the control center 13 in real time, until the ultrasonic sensor 1 moves by a distance L, the spray head 1 reaches the initial position of cutting, the spray head 1 starts to spray high-pressure jet flow to cut the opposite workpiece 16 along the cutting direction, and meanwhile, the control center 13 starts a response mechanism after the spray head 1 moves by the distance L, and the response mechanism is specifically as follows: when Δh < 0, in order to maintain the stability of the target distance, it is necessary to move the nozzle head a certain distance in the positive direction of the Z axis, so the control center 13 discharges the mass M by controlling the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6 1 * (|Deltah|/h), the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 24 is automatically closed after the exhaust is finished, the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 is reduced, jet flow reverse thrust is unchanged, the pressure regulating piston 5 just reaches pressure balance when moving to the positive direction of the z axis by a distance Deltah under the action of pressure gradient force, the nozzle back adjustment is completed, and the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber 20 is restored to P 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When Δh > 0, the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 24 is kept closed, and the control center 13 injects gas toward the pressure regulating air chamber 20 by controlling the micro air pump 10 so that the air pressure inside the pressure regulating air chamber 20 is increased, and the mass of the injected gas is M 1 * (|Deltah|/h), after the injection is completed, the micro air pump 110 is closed, at the moment, the piston 3 moves along the negative direction of the Z axis under the action of pressure gradient force, and when the moving distance reaches Deltah, the pressure of the pressure regulating cavity air chamber is restored to P again 0 The piston 3 stops moving due to pressure balance at two sides, the forward adjustment of the nozzle is completed, the communication cavity is communicated with the atmosphere through the constant pressure hole 28 in the whole process, the pressure is constant to be 1 atmosphere, the height of the nozzle 1 can be automatically adjusted along with the fluctuation of the surface of the special-shaped workpiece 19, and the stability of the target distance in the operation process is ensured.
After cutting, the abrasive jet generation system is closed, the intelligent electromagnetic flow valve 6 is opened through the control center 13 to release high-pressure air in the pressure regulating air chamber 20, and the micro air pump 10, the ultrasonic sensor 14 and the pressure sensor are closed for the next use.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method of cutting an abrasive jet, characterized by: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a calibration flat plate is arranged in front of a spray head, and the initial state of an abrasive water jet system is calibrated, wherein the initial state of the abrasive water jet system is specifically as follows: the air pressure in the pressure-regulating chamber isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mass of the gas in the pressure-regulating chamber is +.>The distance between the piston and the inner side surface of the pressure regulating chamber along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe is h, wherein the distance between the piston and the inner side surface of the pressure regulating chamber along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe is smaller than the length of the pressure regulating chamber along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe;
placing an ultrasonic sensor at the position of the spray head, so that the jet flow sprayed out of the spray head is positioned in front of the ultrasonic sensor, measuring the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the calibration flat plate through the ultrasonic sensor, and calibrating the distance to be 0 in a control center;
the method comprises the steps of replacing a calibration flat plate with a special-shaped workpiece, inputting cutting movement speed, target distance, jet pressure and abrasive concentration in a control center, starting an abrasive water jet system, gradually moving jet ejected by a jet head from the starting point position of the special-shaped workpiece to the end point position of a workpiece to be cut, and finishing cutting, wherein in the cutting process, an ultrasonic sensor continuously sends height change information on a cutting path of the special-shaped workpieceThrough transmission to a control center;
during the cutting process, the abrasive water jet system starts a response mechanism, which is specifically: if it isThe micro air pump injects the air with preset mass, and the piston moves towards the direction close to the piece to be cut, so that the air pressure in the pressure regulating chamber is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If->The electromagnetic flow valve discharges the gas with preset mass, and the piston moves towards the direction far away from the workpiece to be cut, so that the air pressure in the pressure regulating chamber is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If->The piston is located at the initial state;
the method is based on an abrasive water jet system and comprises a high-pressure alloy pipe, wherein a spray head is arranged at the end part of the high-pressure alloy pipe, the high-pressure alloy pipe penetrates through a pressure regulating cavity and a piston, the piston is fixed on the high-pressure alloy pipe, the piston is positioned in the pressure regulating cavity, the piston can slide along the axial direction of the high-pressure alloy pipe, the piston divides the interior of the pressure regulating cavity into a pressure regulating air chamber and a communicating air chamber, the pressure regulating air chamber and the communicating air chamber are sequentially close to the spray head and are not communicated with each other, the communicating air chamber is communicated with the outside, the pressure regulating air chamber is communicated with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline, a micro air pump is arranged on the air inlet pipeline, an electromagnetic flow valve is arranged on the air inlet pipeline, when the spray head generates a trend of moving in the direction close to the pressure regulating cavity, the electromagnetic flow valve discharges gas with preset mass, and when the spray head generates a trend of moving in the direction far away from the pressure regulating cavity, the micro air pump injects the gas with preset mass, so that the air pressure inside the pressure regulating air chamber is constant.
2. The method of abrasive jet cutting according to claim 1, wherein: the preset mass is specifically expressed as:
；
wherein: m represents the preset mass.
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