CN114430607B - Spiral magnetic pole structure for improving focusing force of central area of cyclotron - Google Patents
Spiral magnetic pole structure for improving focusing force of central area of cyclotron Download PDFInfo
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- CN114430607B CN114430607B CN202210071567.2A CN202210071567A CN114430607B CN 114430607 B CN114430607 B CN 114430607B CN 202210071567 A CN202210071567 A CN 202210071567A CN 114430607 B CN114430607 B CN 114430607B
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- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/005—Cyclotrons
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- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
- H05H2007/041—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof for beam bunching, e.g. undulators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spiral magnetic pole structure for improving the focusing force of the central area of a cyclotron, which is arranged in the central area of the cyclotronThe accelerator is a magnetic pole structure with a specific spiral angle and a straight-edge fan magnetic pole structure in the large radius of the accelerator; an accelerating gap is formed between the magnetic pole structure with the specific spiral angle and the electrode structure with the specific spiral angle in the central area, and central area electromagnetic field distribution containing the specific spiral angle is formed, so that the electromagnetic field focusing force at the central area is enhanced; the magnet structure with a specific spiral angle in the central zone of the accelerator improves the magnetic field intensity of the central zone in a mode of reducing the height of a magnetic air gap and reducing the distance between a magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator. By arranging the magnetic pole structure with the spiral angle in the central area, reducing the height of the magnetic air gap between the upper and lower layers of magnetic pole structures on the central plane of the accelerator and reducing the distance between the magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator, the field index n is increased and the focusing force v in the central area is increased under the condition of meeting the isochronism of the central area z And also increases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of small-sized cyclotrons, and particularly relates to a spiral magnet structure for improving the focusing force of a central area of a cyclotrons.
Background
The high-current proton beam plays an important role in basic scientific research, national defense construction, nuclear energy development and other aspects. One of the important limiting factors for the beam current intensity of a cyclotron is the magnitude of the central area axial focusing force. Flow intensity I and axial focusing force v z Is proportional to the square of:
central area axial focusing v of current compact cyclotron z Generally, the flow rate is in the range of 0.1 to 0.15, and the upper limit of the flow rate is about 1 mA. The expression for axial focus vz is as follows:
As seen from the above formula, the difficulty in increasing the axial focusing force of the central region is that the formula is used to increase the axial focusing force
3 parameters n, F,
The adjustment space is limited. First, the central field has a limited increase in field modulation F, which describes the magnitude of the change in the field in the angular direction, subject to the spatial conditions of the central region (the central region is typically around 20 cm in diameter),
wherein < B 2 Is the average of the squares of the magnetic fields,<B> 2 is the square of the average magnetic field; the second and the traditional magnetic pole structure of the central area are straight-side fan magnetic pole structures, and the magnet with the helical angle is usually used in a medium-high energy cyclotron to improve the axial focusing force at the large radius part of the magnetic field; third, n is the field index, describing the radial gradient of the average magnetic field, expressed as
Since the average magnetic field with large radius is limited by isochronism and is basically unchanged, if n is increased, the magnetic field in the small radius central area of the accelerator is increased, and although the magnetic field strength in the small radius central area of the accelerator can be increased, the magnetic field strength increase is limited. This is because an excessively high magnetic field destroys the isochronism of the accelerated particles, which is: the time for the particles to pass through the same acceleration gap is the same from the first circle to the n-th circle (namely the convolution periods of the particles are equal), if the magnetic field strength of the central area is enhanced and becomes unequal from isochronism, the particles can reach the acceleration gap in advance, and the voltage of the acceleration gap is not yet at the momentReaching a peak and we want to accelerate the particles when the voltage is highest. Since the particles do not reach the acceleration gap at the peak voltage, the acceleration of the particles by the electrodes is affected. Therefore, in order to maintain the isochronism of particle acceleration, it is required that the magnetic field in the central region is maintained constant, that the magnetic field in the central region is constant, and that n cannot be increased.
In summary, the difficulty in increasing the focusing force of the accelerator center area is: the physical space of the central area is tense, and the degree of modulation F is very small; the central region has a limited magnitude of magnetic field enhancement, resulting in n not being increased, since the magnetic field enhancement destroys the isochronic conditions for accelerating particles; with helix angle
The magnet (2) is generally used in a medium and high energy cyclotron to improve axial focusing force at a large radius of a magnetic field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spiral magnetic pole structure for improving the focusing force of a central area of a cyclotron aiming at solving the problem that the axial focusing force of the central area is difficult to improve in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a spiral magnetic pole structure for improving the focusing force of the central area of a cyclotron is characterized in that: the spiral magnetic pole structure is a magnetic pole structure with a specific spiral angle in the center area of the accelerator and a straight-side fan magnetic pole structure in the large radius of the accelerator; the magnetic pole structure with the specific spiral angle is distributed on two sides of the electrode structure with the specific spiral angle in the central zone which is symmetrically distributed at 180 degrees, and an acceleration gap is formed between the electrode structure with the specific spiral angle in the central zone, so that the electromagnetic field distribution of the central zone with the specific spiral angle is formed, the electromagnetic field focusing force at the central zone is enhanced, and the beam intensity is enhanced; the magnet structure with a specific spiral angle in the central zone of the accelerator improves the magnetic field intensity of the central zone in a mode of reducing the height of a magnetic air gap and reducing the distance between a magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator.
The height of the magnetic air gap is preferably 2-6 cm, and the heights of the minimum magnetic air gaps of the cyclotrons with different energies and different sizes can be different; the distance between the magnetic pole and the center point of the accelerator is reduced, the distance is preferably 1.5-4 cm, and the distances between the minimum magnetic pole with different energies and the center point of the accelerator are different.
The specific helix angle of the pole structure is 20 ° to 80 °, and the specific helix angle of the electrode structure is 20 ° to 80 °.
The direction of the spiral angle bending of the central area, which is the magnetic pole structure with the specific spiral angle, is opposite to the beam flow direction, so that the length of the field angle of the magnetic pole structure with the specific spiral angle on the beam flow inlet side is shorter than that of the beam flow outlet side.
Advantageous effects of the invention
1. According to the invention, by arranging the electrode structure with the spiral angle in the central area, the particles pass through the same acceleration gap from the first circle to the second circle, the passing angle is larger than 360 degrees, compared with the traditional scheme, the particles need to move more paths at the same time, namely, the magnetic field needs to provide higher cyclotron frequency for the particles to meet the requirement of isochronous acceleration. Because the azimuth angles of the first circle and the second circle of the particles passing through the spiral electric field are different, space is provided for the larger n of the central area of the accelerator under the isochronic condition.
2. The invention sets magnetic pole structure with spiral angle in central area, reduces height of magnetic air gap between upper and lower layers of magnetic pole structure in central plane of accelerator, reduces distance between magnetic pole and central point of accelerator, when magnetic field in central area is increased and large radius is kept unchanged, radial gradient dBz/dr of magnetic field in central area is reduced, n is increased, v is reduced z And also increases.
3. The invention combines the magnetic pole structure with the spiral angle in the central area, the magnetic pole structure with the spiral angle and the magnetic pole structure with the spiral angle to reduce the height of the magnetic air gap between the upper and lower layers of magnetic pole structures on the central plane of the accelerator or reduce the distance between the magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator, thereby obtaining the superior effects after combination: the improvement of the magnetic field of the central area cannot leave the spiral electrode structure, the isochronism condition of the accelerated particles cannot be ensured without the spiral electrode structure, but only the electrode structure with the spiral angle cannot reduce the height of a magnetic air gap between the upper and lower layers of magnetic pole structures on the central plane of the accelerator or reduce the distance between the magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator, the magnetic field strength cannot be improved, n cannot be increased, and two conditions for improving the focusing force of the central area can only meet one condition; if only the electrode structure with the helical angle and the height of the magnetic air gap between the upper and lower layers of the magnetic pole structures on the central plane of the accelerator are reduced or the distance between the magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator is reduced, but no magnetic pole structure with the helical angle is adopted, only one of the two conditions of improving the focusing force of the central area can be met. The invention combines the three parts, and the condition of improving the focusing force of the central area is met to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the central region of a cyclotron for a conventional process;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the helical center region of the cyclotron of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure with the helical angle in the central region of the present invention, such that the particles travel more paths at the same time;
in the figure: 1: a pole structure with a helical angle in the central zone; 1-1: a magnetic pole structure of a straight fan in the central area; 2: a central zone electrode structure having a helical angle; 2-1: a central region straight fan electrode structure; 3: an acceleration gap; 4: beam current; 4-1: in this embodiment, when the beam current passes through the acceleration gap 3 in the 2 nd turn, the beam current passes through the intersection point of one spiral edge of the electrode structure 2 with the spiral angle in the central area; 4-2: the 1 st circle of beam current passes through the accelerating gap 3 in the conventional method and the intersection point of one straight edge of the straight edge fan electrode structure (the dotted line represents the edge of the straight edge fan electrode) 2 in the central area; 4-3: in this embodiment, the beam current 1 passes through the acceleration gap 3 and intersects with a spiral edge of the electrode structure 2 with a spiral angle in the central region.
Detailed Description
Design principle of the invention
1. The pole structure 1 with a specific helix angle in the central zone improves the focusing force in the central zone of the accelerator. The expression for the axial focus vz of the compact cyclotron is as follows:
wherein n is a field index, F is a magnetic field modulation degree,
the magnet helix angle. The embodiment provides that the magnetic pole structure 1 with a specific spiral angle of the magnetic field is changed into a head structure micro-area of a straight-edge fan-shaped magnetic pole structure in the central area of the compact cyclotron, so that the magnetic field focusing force at the central area can be improved. Taking the most common cyclotron with four-fan magnetic pole structure as an example, fig. 1 shows a conventional central magnetic pole structure with a straight-side fan-shaped head. Fig. 2 shows the new type of magnetic pole structure 1 with a specific pitch angle formed at the head of the central area.
2. The electrode structure 2 with the spiral shape reacts to the magnetic field: the electrode structure of the central zone spiral type provides space for the accelerator central zone to design a larger n under isochronic conditions. Conventional accelerators require a peak voltage to accelerate the particles when they reach the high frequency gap, because the peak voltage is required to accelerate the particles, which is the fastest. Although the traditional method also has the capability of making the magnetic field of the central area high and increasing n, the increase of n is not physically allowed, if the magnetic field is strengthened and n is made to be large, the technical realization can be realized, but the particles already pass through the high-frequency gap but the voltage peak value is not reached, so that the problems that the particles and the high-frequency cavity are not matched are caused, the isochronism acceleration condition is not met, and the continuous acceleration cannot be realized. The magnetic field in the center area of the conventional scheme is not very high and n is not very large. One important reason is that: once the magnetic field strength is increased, the isochronal performance cannot be met, the most basic particle acceleration cannot be met even if the isochronal performance is not met, and the focusing capability is not enhanced. The electrode structure with the spiral shape in the central area causes the spiral angles to bend towards one side, and the bending direction is opposite to the particle movement, so that the length of the particles on the inlet side of each spiral angle electrode is shorter than that of the outlet side, and the length of the outlet side of the inlet side of each spiral angle electrode is different, so that the track path of the particles in the high-frequency cavity is prolonged, the time of the particles reaching the acceleration gap is prolonged, and conditions are created for the magnetic field enhancement of the central area.
As shown in fig. 3, the distance between 4-2 and 4-3 is the distance that the particle of the present invention travels. Compared with the traditional method, the dotted line in fig. 3 is assumed to be the beam outlet side of the straight-side fan electrode in fig. 1, because the outlet side is a straight line, the intersection point 4-2 of the 1 st circle and the intersection point 4-1 of the 2 nd circle of the particle are on the same straight line, the particle passes through the same acceleration gap from the first circle to the second circle, and the angle of the passing particle is equal to 360 degrees. The invention adopts the electrode structure with the helical angle in the central zone, and the bending direction of the electrode is opposite to the moving direction of the particles, so that the intersection point position of the particles in the 1 st circle is 4-3 instead of 4-2, the intersection point 4-3 of the 2 nd circle is on the same straight line with the intersection point 4-2 of the 1 st circle of the straight fan magnetic pole, and therefore, the distance between 4-3 and 4-2 is the path of the particles which are more traveled in the 2 nd circle. Since the velocity of the particle moving in the central region is relatively slow, the extra travel lengthens the time for the particle to reach the acceleration gap, which is just so long that the voltage at the acceleration gap reaches its peak when the particle reaches the acceleration gap.
The method for enhancing the magnetic field of the central area is as follows: the gap height between the upper magnetic pole and the lower magnetic pole is reduced, and the distance between the magnetic poles and the center point of the accelerator is shortened, namely the magnetic poles are close to the center point of the accelerator, which is equivalent to that a magnet is added in the center area of the accelerator, so that the magnetic field is enhanced. Although n is increased, the magnetic field of the central area is increased, the distance of the particles to the acceleration gap is prolonged, the time of the particles to reach the acceleration gap is delayed, and although the magnetic field is increased, the time of the particles to reach the acceleration gap is the same as the time of the peak voltage of the acceleration gap, so that the equivalent conditions are met.
3. The electrode structure with helical angle and the magnetic pole structure with helical angle are matched to form a wholeTwo conditions for improving the focusing force are satisfied. According to the formula:
one is to improve
The helix angle of (2) is, secondly, n is increased. The magnetic pole structure with the helical angle improves the helical angle
Meanwhile, the electrode structure with the spiral angle provides a space for designing larger n in the central area of the accelerator under the isochronic condition. Since n is increased and n is increased
The electrode structure with the helical angle and the magnetic pole structure with the helical angle jointly meet two conditions of improving the focusing force.
According to the principle of the invention, the invention designs a spiral central area structure for improving the focusing force of the central area of the cyclotron.
A spiral magnetic pole structure for improving the focusing force of the central area of a cyclotron is shown in fig. 2, and is characterized in that: the spiral magnetic pole structure is a magnetic pole structure 1 with a specific spiral angle in the center area of the accelerator and a straight-side fan magnetic pole structure in the large radius of the accelerator; the magnetic pole structures 1 with the specific spiral angles are distributed on two sides of the electrode structures 2 with the specific spiral angles in the central zone which are symmetrically distributed for 180 degrees, and an acceleration gap 3 is formed between the electrode structures 2 with the specific spiral angles in the central zone, so that central zone electromagnetic field distribution with the specific spiral angles is formed, and therefore electromagnetic field focusing force at the central zone is enhanced, and beam current intensity is enhanced; the magnetic pole structure with a specific spiral angle in the central zone of the accelerator improves the magnetic field intensity of the central zone in a mode of reducing the height of a magnetic air gap and reducing the distance between a magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator.
The height of the magnetic air gap is preferably 2-6 cm, and the heights of the minimum magnetic air gaps of the cyclotrons with different energies and different sizes are different; the distance between the magnetic pole and the center point of the accelerator is reduced, the distance is preferably 1.5-4 cm, and the distances between the minimum magnetic pole with different energies and the center point of the accelerator are different.
The helix angle of the magnet structure with the specific helix angle is 20-80 degrees, and the helix angle of the electrode structure with the specific helix angle is 20-80 degrees.
The central area is that the bending direction of the spiral angles of the electrode structures with the specific spiral angles is opposite to the beam current direction, so that the length of the field angle of the electrode structures with the specific spiral angles on the beam current inlet side is shorter than that of the beam current outlet side.
The central area is that the bending direction of the spiral angles of the magnetic pole structures with the specific spiral angles is opposite to the beam current direction, so that the length of the field angle of the magnetic pole structures with the specific spiral angles on the beam current inlet side is shorter than that of the beam current outlet side.
It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not limiting, since modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments, which are not inventive, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification, are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A spiral magnetic pole structure for improving focusing force of a central area of a cyclotron is characterized in that: the spiral magnetic pole structure is a magnetic pole structure with a specific spiral angle in the center area of the accelerator and a straight-side fan magnetic pole structure in the large radius of the accelerator; the magnetic pole structure with the specific spiral angle is distributed on two sides of the electrode structure with the specific spiral angle in the central zone which is symmetrically distributed at 180 degrees, and an acceleration gap is formed between the electrode structure with the specific spiral angle in the central zone, so that the electromagnetic field distribution of the central zone with the specific spiral angle is formed, the electromagnetic field focusing force at the central zone is enhanced, and the beam intensity is enhanced; the magnetic pole structure with a specific spiral angle in the central zone of the accelerator improves the magnetic field intensity of the central zone in a mode of reducing the height of a magnetic air gap and reducing the distance between a magnetic pole and the central point of the accelerator;
the height of the magnetic air gap is reduced, the height of the magnetic air gap is between 2 and 6cm, and the heights of the minimum magnetic air gaps of the cyclotrons with different energies and different sizes are different; the distance between the magnetic pole and the center point of the accelerator is reduced, and the distance is 1.5 to 4cm, wherein the distances between the minimum magnetic pole with different energies and different sizes and the center point of the accelerator are different;
the helix angle of the magnet structure with the specific helix angle is 20 0 To 80 0 The helix angle of the electrode structure with the specific helix angle is 20 0 To 80 0 ；
The central area is formed by bending the spiral angles of the magnetic pole structures with the specific spiral angles in a direction opposite to the beam current direction, so that the length of the field angle of the magnetic pole structures with the specific spiral angles on the beam current inlet side is shorter than that of the beam current outlet side;
the central area is that the bending direction of the spiral angles of the electrode structures with the specific spiral angles is opposite to the beam current direction, so that the length of the field angle of the electrode structures with the specific spiral angles on the beam current inlet side is shorter than that of the beam current outlet side.
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| CA966893A (en) * | 1973-06-19 | 1975-04-29 | Her Majesty In Right Of Canada As Represented By Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Superconducting cyclotron |
| CA1008125A (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1977-04-05 | Her Majesty In Right Of Canada As Represented By Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Method and apparatus for magnetic field shimming in an isochronous cyclotron |
| FR2544580B1 (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1985-07-05 | Cgr Mev | FOCUS-DEFOCUS SYSTEM CYCLOTRON |
| FR2766049B1 (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-12-03 | Pantechnik | CYCLOTRON COMPACT AND ITS USE IN PROTON THERAPY |
| CN108551717B (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2020-04-28 | 合肥中科离子医学技术装备有限公司 | Method for enhancing axial focusing of central area of cyclotron |
| US11570880B2 (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-01-31 | Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy Gmbh | Isochronous cyclotrons employing magnetic field concentrating or guiding sectors |
| CN112216468B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-11-25 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Straight-side fan main magnet of compact type medium-energy negative hydrogen strong-flow isochronous cyclotron |
| CN112098735B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-01-22 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Strong magnetic field and high frequency field coupling test method and superconducting cyclotron based on same |
| CN113630952B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-06-28 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Physical design method for central area of strong-flow cyclotron |
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