CN114428109A - Test piece for magnetic powder detection by coil method and detection method of test piece - Google Patents
Test piece for magnetic powder detection by coil method and detection method of test piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN114428109A CN114428109A CN202210065717.9A CN202210065717A CN114428109A CN 114428109 A CN114428109 A CN 114428109A CN 202210065717 A CN202210065717 A CN 202210065717A CN 114428109 A CN114428109 A CN 114428109A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
- G01N27/84—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields by applying magnetic powder or magnetic ink
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and discloses a test piece for magnetic powder testing by a coil method and a testing method of the test piece. The detection method comprises the following steps: fixing a test piece between two chucks of a magnetic detection test table, and enabling the test piece to be positioned at the center of a coil and to be kept horizontal; electrifying the coil to form a magnetic field and applying magnetic powder or magnetic suspension to the test piece to obtain magnetic traces; recording the magnitude of the magnetizing current and the length of the magnetic trace; and calculating the magnetic powder detection depth according to a formula. The test piece provided by the invention can be used for detecting the detectable depth of the near-surface annular defect by using the magnetic powder detection method of the coil method, and the detection method of the test piece can be used for verifying the process sensitivity, resolution and reliability of the detectable depth of the near-surface annular defect of the longitudinal workpiece made of the ferromagnetic material, optimizing the process parameters of the magnetic powder detection method of the coil method and improving the detection capability of the near-surface annular defect of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a test piece for magnetic powder testing by a coil method and a testing method of the test piece.
Background
In the standard of the magnetic powder detection method, no specific requirements and related contents such as a detection method, an operation process, a sensitivity verification test block, a process verification and the like aiming at the detectable depth range of the near-surface annular defect of the longitudinal ferromagnetic material workpiece are found so far. Therefore, the above-mentioned related experimental research is carried out, the near-surface annular defect detection capability is improved, the process verification can be realized, and the coil method magnetic powder detection can really cover the near-surface annular defect detection of the butt-joint welding seam, the tube plate welding seam and the longitudinal workpieces such as crankshafts, shafts, pipes, bars, castings and forgings of the ferromagnetic pressure-bearing equipment, which is necessary and urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above technical problem at least to some extent. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a test piece for magnetic powder detection by a coil method and a detection method of the test piece.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a test piece for coil method magnetic particle testing, includes metal pipe fitting, and metal pipe fitting's surface is the face of detecting, and metal pipe fitting's internal surface hoop is equipped with two at least unequal detection grooves of width, detects the bottom in groove and to the distance of detecting the face along metal pipe fitting's circumferencial direction continuous variation.
Preferably, the detection grooves are spark-erosion cutting grooves, and the distances between adjacent detection grooves are equal.
Preferably, the width of the detection groove increases along the axial direction of the metal pipe fitting.
Preferably, the diameter of the metal pipe fitting is 120mm, the detection grooves comprise three detection grooves, the widths of the three detection grooves are 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm in sequence, and the distance from the bottom of each detection groove to the detection surface is continuously changed from 1.0-8.0 mm.
The test method of the test piece for magnetic powder detection by the coil method comprises the following steps:
fixing a test piece between two chucks of a magnetic detection test table, and enabling the test piece to be positioned at the center of a coil and to be kept horizontal;
electrifying the coil to form a magnetic field and applying magnetic powder or magnetic suspension to the test piece to obtain magnetic traces;
recording the magnitude of the magnetizing current and the length L of the magnetic traces;
and calculating the magnetic powder detection depth h according to a formula h ═ L/pi d + a, wherein d is the diameter of the metal pipe fitting, a is the shortest distance from the bottom of the detection groove to the detection surface, and b is the longest distance from the bottom of the detection groove to the detection surface.
Preferably, the coil is electrified and magnetized, and magnetic powder or magnetic suspension is applied, the magnetization is repeated for a plurality of times, and the magnetization is stopped after the magnetic trace is observed after each magnetization until the magnetic trace shows stability.
Preferably, the chuck is rotated to fit the test site before energizing the coil.
Preferably, the magnetizing currents are sequentially increased, and the length L of the magnetic trace corresponding to each magnetizing current is recorded.
Preferably, the length L of the magnetic track is recorded while the width k of the magnetic track is recorded.
Preferably, the surface of the test piece is cleaned before the test piece is fixed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the test piece provided by the invention can be used for detecting the detectable depth of the near-surface annular defect by using the magnetic powder detection method of the coil method, and the detection method of the test piece can be used for verifying the process sensitivity, resolution and reliability of the detectable depth of the near-surface annular defect of the longitudinal workpiece made of the ferromagnetic material, optimizing the process parameters of the magnetic powder detection method of the coil method and improving the detection capability of the near-surface annular defect of the workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a test piece for magnetic particle inspection by a coil method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is another cross-sectional view of a test piece for magnetic particle inspection by the coil method according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a magnetic detection station of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic traces of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another angle of the magnetic track of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a side view of a test piece.
Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 6.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of the orientation or the positional relationship is based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or the element which is indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and therefore, cannot be construed as the limitation of the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements.
As shown in FIG. 1, this embodimentA test piece for coil method magnetic particle testing, including metal pipe fitting 1, the material of metal pipe fitting 1 is 45#Steel, the diameter of the metal pipe fitting 1 is 120mm, the length is 300mm, and the wall thickness is 15 mm. The outer surface of the metal pipe fitting 1 is a detection surface, the inner surface ring of the metal pipe fitting 1 is subjected to electric spark cutting to form three detection grooves 2 with different widths, and the distance between every two adjacent detection grooves 2 is 75 mm. The widths of the three detection grooves 2 are 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm in sequence, and as shown in fig. 2, the distance from the bottom of the detection groove 2 to the detection surface continuously changes from 1.0mm to 8.0mm clockwise along the circumferential direction of the metal pipe fitting 1.
The test piece is placed in an electrified coil to form a longitudinal magnetic field, magnetic powder or magnetic suspension is applied to the test piece, at the moment, due to the existence of the simulation defect, magnetic induction lines on the near surface of the test piece are subjected to local distortion to generate a leakage magnetic field, the magnetic suspension or the magnetic powder applied to the back surface of an electric spark cutting groove of the test piece is adsorbed to form a visible magnetic mark, the length of the visible magnetic mark is measured by a tape, and the maximum detectable depth of the near-surface annular simulation defect is calculated according to the relation between the length of the magnetic mark and the ratio of the burial depth.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the method for testing a test piece for magnetic powder testing by a coil method comprises the following steps:
1. cleaning the outer surface of the test piece to prevent rust, oxide skin and dirt on the outer surface of the test piece;
2. placing the test piece 400 between two chucks 200 on the magnetic detection test table 100, pressing down a clamping button to ensure that the test piece is in good contact with the chucks, and then the test piece is just positioned at the center of the coil 300 and kept horizontal;
3. an alternating current continuous method is selected, and magnetizing currents are respectively as follows: i is1＝1600A、I2＝2200A、I3＝2500A；
4. Electrifying the coil, passing current through the coil to form a longitudinal magnetic field, applying the magnetic suspension while rotating the chuck at a constant speed, stopping magnetization after stopping applying the magnetic suspension for 1s, repeatedly magnetizing for two times for ensuring the magnetization effect, and observing magnetic marks for 1-3s each time;
5. respectively recording the length L and the width k of the magnetic traces 500 of the detection grooves with the widths of 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm under different magnetizing currents;
6. and (b-a) L/pi d + a according to the formula h, calculating the depth from the end point position of the magnetic trace of the detection groove 2 to the outer surface, namely the magnetic powder detection depth h of the detection groove 2 under the process parameter. Wherein d is the diameter of the metal pipe fitting 1, a is the shortest distance from the bottom of the detection groove 2 to the detection surface, and b is the longest distance from the bottom of the detection groove 2 to the detection surface.
The derivation of the above equation is as follows:
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, AD indicates the length of the magnetic track, the center of the specimen is O, where AB is a, AC is B, AD arc length is L, the central angle corresponding to AD arc length is θ, the point B passes through as a concentric circle of the ring, and intersects OD at point F;
then DF ═ AB ═ a;
the OD intersects the spark gap at point E;
let DE ═ h, EF ═ h ', then h ═ h' + a;
the bell electric spark grooves BEC are increased progressively along the circumferential direction,
BC＝b-a，
namely, the electric spark grooves are gradually increased from 0 to (b-a) in an equal division within the range of 0-360 degrees;
h '/(b-a) ═ θ/360, i.e., h' ═ θ (b-a)/360;
also, according to the relationship between the arc length and the central angle,
θ/360＝L/πd，
h′＝L(b-a)/πd，
h＝h′+a＝L(b-a)/πd+a；
in this embodiment, when a is 1mm, b is 8mm, and d is 120mm, h is 7L/pi 120+ 1.
For the test piece, a series of detection experimental data are obtained by adopting the detection method under different detection process parameters, and are specifically shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test data
The detection method is used for verifying the process sensitivity, resolution and reliability of the detectable depth of the near-surface annular defect of the longitudinal ferromagnetic material workpiece, and can also be used for optimizing the magnetic powder detection process parameters of the coil method and improving the detection capability of the near-surface annular defect of the workpiece.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test piece for coil method magnetic particle testing which characterized in that: the device comprises a metal pipe fitting (1), wherein the outer surface of the metal pipe fitting (1) is a detection surface, at least two detection grooves (2) with different widths are annularly arranged on the inner surface of the metal pipe fitting (1), and the distance from the bottom of each detection groove (2) to the detection surface continuously changes along the circumferential direction of the metal pipe fitting (1).
2. The test piece for magnetic powder inspection by the coil method according to claim 1, wherein: the detection grooves (2) are electric spark cutting grooves, and the distances between the adjacent detection grooves (2) are equal.
3. The test piece for magnetic powder inspection by the coil method according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the detection groove (2) is sequentially increased along the axial direction of the metal pipe fitting (1).
4. A test piece for magnetic powder inspection by a coil method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the diameter of the metal pipe fitting (1) is 120mm, the number of the detection grooves (2) is three, the widths of the three detection grooves (2) are 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm in sequence, and the distance from the bottom of the detection groove (2) to the detection surface is continuously changed from 1.0-8.0 mm.
5. The inspection method of a test piece for magnetic powder inspection by a coil method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
fixing a test piece between the two chucks (200) so that the test piece is positioned at the center of the coil (300) and is kept horizontal;
electrifying the coil (300) to form a magnetic field and applying magnetic powder or magnetic suspension to the test piece to obtain magnetic traces;
recording the magnitude of the magnetizing current and the length L of the magnetic traces;
and calculating the magnetic powder detection depth h according to a formula h (b-a) L/pi d + a, wherein d is the diameter of the metal pipe (1), a is the shortest distance from the bottom of the detection groove (2) to the detection surface, and b is the longest distance from the bottom of the detection groove (2) to the detection surface.
6. The detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and electrifying and magnetizing the coil (300), applying magnetic powder or magnetic suspension, repeatedly magnetizing for multiple times, observing the magnetic marks after each magnetization until the magnetic marks are stable, and stopping magnetization.
7. The detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the coil (300) is electrified to magnetize the front rotating chuck (200) to be suitable for the detection part.
8. The detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the magnetizing currents are sequentially increased, and the length L of the magnetic mark corresponding to each magnetizing current is recorded respectively.
9. The detection method according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that: the length L of the magnetic track is recorded while the width k of the magnetic track is recorded.
10. The detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and cleaning the surface of the test piece before fixing the test piece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210065717.9A CN114428109A (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2022-01-20 | Test piece for magnetic powder detection by coil method and detection method of test piece |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210065717.9A CN114428109A (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2022-01-20 | Test piece for magnetic powder detection by coil method and detection method of test piece |
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| CN114428109A true CN114428109A (en) | 2022-05-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116087322A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-05-09 | 莱州新忠耀机械有限公司 | Magnetic powder inspection method and auxiliary tool for low-temperature traction transmission box body of high-speed railway vehicle |
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2022
- 2022-01-20 CN CN202210065717.9A patent/CN114428109A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116087322A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-05-09 | 莱州新忠耀机械有限公司 | Magnetic powder inspection method and auxiliary tool for low-temperature traction transmission box body of high-speed railway vehicle |
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