CN114427682A - Method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water - Google Patents

Method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water Download PDF

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CN114427682A
CN114427682A CN202011179720.0A CN202011179720A CN114427682A CN 114427682 A CN114427682 A CN 114427682A CN 202011179720 A CN202011179720 A CN 202011179720A CN 114427682 A CN114427682 A CN 114427682A
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waste liquid
organic waste
organic
combustion
combustible
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魏博
肖伍扬
陈丽娟
韩兴龙
刘坤朋
王建江
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Xinjiang University
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Xinjiang University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/70—Blending
    • F23G2201/701—Blending with additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/10—Liquid waste
    • F23G2209/101—Waste liquor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/301—Dioxins; Furans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

A method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water comprises the steps of firstly, preparing organic waste liquid which is incombustible and contains more than 25 mass percent of water and has a boiling point lower than 200 ℃ into organic solution with combustible components of more than 75 percent by adopting an organic solvent; firstly, heating an organic steam conveying pipeline, a premixing pipe and a combustion nozzle by using hot air, then sending an organic solvent into an evaporation tank, filtering, premixing with the hot air, then sending into the combustion nozzle, igniting and combusting, mixing the generated flue gas with the air sent into a reactor, heating to over 1000 ℃, cooling the flue gas, dehydrating, and adsorbing by using activated carbon. The invention can effectively treat high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water, and ensures stable combustion process, complete combustion, safety and reliability.

Description

Method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste liquid treatment, in particular to a method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water.
Background
The research in the laboratory is an important way for exploring new findings, synthesizing new materials and solving new problems. During laboratory studies, large amounts of organic waste streams are produced. Some organic solutions react with solid directly or react with organic solution catalyzed by solid catalyst, and after the tests are finished, part of solid phase matters remain in the organic solvent to become organic waste liquid containing the solid phase matters. During the course of the experiments, it was inevitable to use water for washing the various containers, which water must also be disposed of as waste after the washing is completed. Thus, organic waste streams from laboratories may contain more or less certain amounts of solids and water.
The organic waste liquid has various types and greatly different properties. Most of the organic waste liquid is combustible, such as alcohols, ethers, alkanes with more than 4 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like; in addition, part of the organic waste liquid is not only non-combustible, but also has flame retardant effect, such as trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride and the like. Most organic solvents have a relatively low boiling point, such as methanol, with a boiling point of 64.7 ℃; ethanol, boiling point 78 ℃; tetrahydrofuran, boiling point 66 ℃; decahydronaphthalene with a boiling point of 186.7 ℃; petroleum ether with a boiling point of 30-80 ℃; dichloromethane, 39.75 ℃; pyridine, boiling point 115.2 ℃; pyrrole, boiling point 65 ℃; ethanedithiol with a boiling point of 144-146 ℃; chloroform, boiling point 62 ℃; chloroform with a boiling point of 76.8 ℃.
In general, in a laboratory, because the working characteristics of the organic waste liquid are to study various different conditions, the generated organic waste liquid has various types and small quantity, part of the organic waste liquid contains elements such as nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine and the like, part of the organic waste liquid contains solid-phase substances, most of the organic waste liquid is volatile, flammable and explosive, but part of the organic substances is nonflammable, and even has the flame retardant effect. Part of the organic waste liquid has certain toxicity, and the organic waste liquid to be treated also contains a certain amount of moisture. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively and harmlessly treat these organic waste liquids.
The incineration method for treating the organic waste liquid is an effective method, but most of the incineration methods for the organic waste liquid are industrialized treatment methods. Because the organic waste liquid in the laboratory has various types, large property difference and great difference in combustion characteristics, the industrial treatment method is not suitable for the organic waste liquid with the characteristics in the laboratory. Meanwhile, the organic matter containing nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine in the incineration process can generate pollutants and is discharged along with the incinerated flue gas; in addition, the component of the organic waste liquid is changed, so that insufficient combustion can be caused, and pollutants such as dioxin, soot and the like can be generated.
In order to solve the problem of organic waste liquid generated by laboratory research, application No. 201810347273.1X discloses a harmless treatment technology of organic waste liquid in a laboratory, according to the principle of inductive coupling, high-temperature flame moment generated by inductively coupled plasma is utilized to burn atomized organic waste liquid, so that organic matters and oxygen instantaneously react to generate carbon dioxide and water, and the aim of harmless emission is fulfilled. Application number 201810421716.2 discloses a laboratory organic waste liquid far infrared treatment technique, according to the far infrared radiation principle, uses the high temperature that infrared radiators such as infrared lamp, quartz iodine dock lamp produced to burn atomizing organic waste liquid, makes organic matter and oxygen transient reaction generate carbon dioxide and water to innocent treatment's purpose has been reached. However, the two technologies do not consider the problem that the organic waste liquid contains solid-phase substances, and the solid-phase substances contained in the organic waste liquid easily block the atomizing nozzle; the non-combustible organic components are not effectively treated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the conventional organic waste liquid treatment technology, the invention aims to provide a method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid phase substances and water comprises the following steps:
(1) organic waste liquid with the boiling point lower than 200 ℃ generated by laboratory research is divided into combustible organic waste liquid and non-combustible organic waste liquid through chemical analysis;
(2) the combustible organic waste liquid is further classified into two parts, namely the organic waste liquid with the water mass percentage higher than 25% and the organic waste liquid with the water mass percentage lower than 25%;
(3) mixing non-combustible organic waste liquid with an organic solvent with good combustion characteristics, low price and strong intersolubility to prepare a solution with the mass percentage of combustible components higher than 75%;
(4) mixing combustible organic waste liquid with water mass percentage higher than 25% with organic solvent with good combustion characteristic, low price and strong intersolubility to prepare solution with combustible components mass percentage higher than 75%;
(5) heating air required by combustion, and heating the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe and the combustion nozzle of the organic steam by using hot air to enable the temperature of the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe and the combustion nozzle of the organic steam to exceed more than 200 ℃;
(6) feeding the solution with combustible component mass percentage higher than 75% into an evaporating pot at a speed of 5-50ml/min to evaporate the organic solvent, keeping the temperature of the evaporating pot above 200 ℃, continuously feeding the organic waste liquid into the evaporating pot, filtering the evaporated organic waste liquid steam after the pressure in the evaporating pot exceeds 0.3MPa, premixing the organic waste liquid steam with hot air, and feeding the combustible gas obtained by premixing the organic solution steam and the hot air into a combustion nozzle;
(7) igniting the combustible gas premixed by the organic solution steam and the hot air through an igniter;
(8) excess air is fed into the combustion reactor, and the combustion flue gas is further heated to more than 1000 ℃ by using an electric heating method, so that combustible components in the flue gas can be completely combusted;
(9) cooling the flue gas generated after combustion to below 100 ℃ by adopting a heat exchanger;
(10) eliminating moisture in the flue gas;
(11) and the active carbon is adopted to adsorb pollutants such as NOx, SOx, HCl, dioxin, carbon black and the like in the flue gas.
Preferably, the organic solvent with good combustion characteristics, low price and strong intersolubility is absolute methanol or absolute ethanol.
Preferably, the temperature of the evaporation tank is maintained at 400-600 ℃ in the method for treating the high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing the solid phase substance and water.
Preferably, the method for treating the high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing the solid phase substances and the water heats the whole organic steam conveying pipeline and the combustion nozzle by hot air, so that the temperatures of the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe and the combustion nozzle are above 400 ℃.
Preferably, in the method for treating the high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing the solid phase substances and the water, after the pressure in the evaporation tank exceeds 0.5MPa, the organic solution steam is sent to be mixed with hot air.
Preferably, in the method for treating the high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing the solid phase substances and the water, the temperature of flue gas generated after the organic waste liquid is combusted is reduced to below 60 ℃.
Preferably, the evaporation tank, the organic steam conveying pipeline, the combustion nozzle, the combustion reactor, the heat exchanger and the like are all made of stainless steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages.
1. The non-combustible organic waste liquid and the organic waste liquid with high water content are blended with absolute methanol or absolute ethanol to prepare an organic solution with combustible components over 75 percent, so that the non-combustible components can be decomposed under the high-temperature condition generated by combustion, and the organic waste liquid with high water content can be more stable during combustion.
2. After the organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water is evaporated and filtered, a high-temperature environment is maintained, organic waste liquid steam is conveyed and combusted, atomizing nozzles are not needed to be arranged, the solid-phase substances can be prevented from blocking a conveying pipeline, and components of the organic waste liquid can be prevented from being condensed in the conveying process.
3. The organic waste liquid is sent into the evaporating pot, so that the evaporating pot reaches a certain pressure and then is sent into gas for combustion, the steam flow of the organic waste liquid can be effectively and stably controlled, and the process stability of flame combustion is facilitated.
4. The combustion-supporting air is heated and then sent into the combustor, so that flameout is effectively prevented when organic waste liquid steam is combusted.
5. The flue gas resulting from the combustion is further mixed with air and heated to 1000 c, which helps to burn the combustible components of the flue gas more completely.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for treating a high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing a solid phase substance and water according to the present invention. Detailed Description
Example one
In the hot-melt extraction test of coal, organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, petroleum ether, chloroform and the like are usually adopted for extraction. After the test, the mass percent of coal dust and coal ash in the generated methanol waste liquid is 1.26 percent, and the mass percent of water is 29 percent; the mass percent of the coal dust and the coal ash in the acetone waste liquid is 0.58 percent, and the mass percent of the water is 13 percent; the mass percent of coal dust and coal ash in the petroleum ether waste liquid is 1.35 percent, and the mass percent of water is 22 percent; the mass percentage of the coal dust and the coal ash in the chloroform waste liquid is 0.62 percent, and the mass percentage of the water is 6 percent.
Firstly, the boiling points of the four organic waste liquids are checked to be less than 200 ℃. The four organic waste liquids are classified, the water content in the acetone waste liquid and the petroleum ether waste liquid is 13 percent and 22 percent, and the treatment is not needed; the mass percent of water in the methanol waste liquid is 29 percent, the mass percent of solid phase substances is 1.26 percent, and the mass fraction of combustible parts in the methanol waste liquid is over 75 percent by adding anhydrous methanol into the waste liquid according to the mass ratio of 5 percent; since chloroform is nonflammable and the water contained therein is nonflammable, anhydrous methanol of three times or more mass is mixed into the chloroform waste liquid so that the mass fraction of the anhydrous methanol exceeds 75%.
The air premixed for combustion is heated to 400 ℃, and the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe and the combustion nozzle of the organic steam are heated by hot air, so that the temperature of the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe, the combustion nozzle and the like of the organic steam is over 400 ℃.
And respectively treating the prepared solutions with the combustible components of which the mass fractions are more than 75%. During treatment, the solution is sent into an evaporating pot at the speed of 10ml/min, the temperature of the evaporating pot is maintained at 400 ℃, a filtering component is arranged at the outlet of the evaporating pot, when the pressure in the evaporating pot reaches 0.5MPa, an organic steam outlet valve is opened, organic steam is filtered and then sent into a premixing pipe, and the organic steam is premixed with heated air and then sent into a combustion nozzle.
The combustible gas of the organic solution vapor premixed with the hot air is ignited by an igniter.
Excess air is fed into the combustion reactor, and the combustion flue gas is further heated to over 1000 ℃ by using an electric heating method, so that the combustible components in the flue gas can be completely combusted.
And cooling the flue gas generated after combustion to below 100 ℃ by adopting a heat exchanger.
Eliminating moisture in the flue gas.
And the active carbon is adopted to adsorb pollutants such as NOx, SOx, HCl, dioxin, carbon black and the like in the flue gas.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1. A method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid phase substances and water is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) dividing organic waste liquid generated by laboratory research into combustible organic waste liquid and non-combustible organic waste liquid;
(2) analyzing and further classifying the combustible organic waste liquid into two parts, namely the organic waste liquid with the water mass percentage higher than 25% and the organic waste liquid with the water mass percentage lower than 25%;
(3) blending the non-combustible organic waste liquid with an organic solvent to prepare a solution with the combustible component mass percentage higher than 75%;
(4) mixing combustible organic waste liquid with water mass percentage higher than 25% with an organic solvent to prepare a solution with combustible components mass percentage higher than 75%;
(5) heating air required by combustion, and heating the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe and the combustion nozzle of the organic steam by using hot air to enable the temperature of the conveying pipeline, the premixing pipe and the combustion nozzle of the organic steam to exceed more than 200 ℃;
(6) sending the solution with the combustible component mass percentage higher than 75% into an evaporating pot to evaporate the organic solvent, keeping the temperature of the evaporating pot above 200 ℃, continuously sending the organic waste liquid into the evaporating pot, filtering the evaporated organic waste liquid steam and premixing the organic waste liquid steam and hot air after the pressure in the evaporating pot exceeds 0.3MPa, and sending the combustible gas obtained by premixing the organic solution steam and the hot air into a combustion nozzle;
(7) igniting the combustible gas premixed by the organic solution steam and the hot air through an igniter;
(8) excess air is fed into the combustion reactor, and the combustion flue gas is further heated by using an electric heating method, so that combustible components in the flue gas can be more completely combusted;
(9) cooling the flue gas generated after combustion to below 100 ℃ by adopting a heat exchanger;
(10) eliminating moisture in the flue gas;
(11) and the active carbon is adopted to adsorb NOx, SOx, HCl, dioxin and carbon black in the flue gas.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is absolute methanol or absolute ethanol.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the evaporation tank is maintained at 400 to 600 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperatures of the organic vapor delivery line, the pre-mixing pipe, and the burner nozzle are 400 ℃ or higher.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reactor is filled with air, mixed with flue gas generated by combustion, and heated to a temperature of 1000 ℃ or higher.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger cools the flue gas generated by combustion to a temperature of 60 ℃ or lower.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent vapor is mixed with hot air after the pressure in the evaporation tank exceeds 0.5 MPa.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the evaporator, the organic vapor pipe, the burner nozzle, the burner reactor, the heat exchanger, etc. are made of stainless steel.
CN202011179720.0A 2020-10-29 2020-10-29 Method for treating high-concentration low-boiling-point organic waste liquid containing solid-phase substances and water Pending CN114427682A (en)

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