CN114421184A - High-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with broadband feed network - Google Patents
High-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with broadband feed network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The application relates to a high performance circular polarization big dipper antenna of loading broadband feed network includes: a feed component and a radiation component; the feed component and the radiation component are both plate-shaped structures; the feed assembly is provided with a feed network, and the feed network comprises: a 180 degree phase shift power divider and a 90 degree phase shift power divider; the radiation component is provided with radiation patches distributed in an array manner; the output end of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider is connected with the input end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider, and the output end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider is connected with the radiation patch; the number of the 180-degree phase-shift power dividers is one, the number of the 90-degree phase-shift power dividers is two, and the number of the radiation patches is four; the input ends of the two 90-degree phase-shift power dividers are respectively connected with the two output ends of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider; and the output ends of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider correspond to the radiation patches one by one, and the radiation patches are connected with the corresponding output ends of the corresponding 90-degree phase-shift power divider. The multi-feed-point excitation system can achieve multi-feed-point excitation and is good in full-band circular polarization performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feed network.
Background
The satellite navigation system has great significance to the country, and influences the politics, economy and safety of the country all the time. In a Beidou navigation system autonomously researched and constructed in China, a Beidou navigation antenna is used as an important terminal device for receiving satellite signals, and the performance of the Beidou navigation antenna directly influences the positioning speed and precision of the navigation system. Nowadays, society is rapidly developed, and the environment of carrying on big dipper antenna also comes more, puts forward higher and higher requirement to the antenna design.
In the design of the Beidou antenna, parameters of impedance bandwidth, gain, axial ratio bandwidth and phase center stability all influence the final positioning result of the navigation system. The conventional Beidou antenna is usually excited to emit circularly polarized waves by using a single feed point, the axial ratio bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth of the conventional Beidou antenna are large, and the conventional Beidou antenna only meets a single frequency point and has poor performance. Therefore, how to improve the overall performance without influencing other indexes is the key of the design of the Beidou antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, a high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feed network is provided, multi-feed-point excitation can be realized, and the full-band circularly polarized performance is good.
High performance circular polarization big dipper array antenna of loading broadband feed network includes: a feed component and a radiation component; the feed component and the radiation component are both plate-shaped structures;
the feed assembly is provided with a feed network, and the feed network comprises: a 180 degree phase shift power divider and a 90 degree phase shift power divider;
the radiation assembly is provided with radiation patches distributed in an array manner;
the output end of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider is connected with the input end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider, and the output end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider is connected with the radiation patch.
In one embodiment, the number of the 180 ° phase-shift power splitters is one, the number of the 90 ° phase-shift power splitters is two, and the number of the radiation patches is four;
the input ends of the two 90-degree phase-shift power dividers are respectively connected with the two output ends of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider; and the output ends of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider correspond to the radiation patches one by one, and the radiation patches are connected with the corresponding output ends of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider.
In one embodiment, the feeding assembly includes: the feeding board comprises an upper feeding board, a lower feeding board and a floor; the floor is positioned between the upper feed board and the lower feed board;
the 90-degree phase shift power divider is arranged on the upper-layer feed board, and the 180-degree phase shift power divider is arranged on the lower-layer feed board.
In one embodiment, the 180 ° phase-shift power divider includes: the microstrip patch antenna comprises a first input port, a lower-layer power divider, a first branch, a second branch, a first microstrip branch and two first output ports;
the first input port is divided into the first branch and the second branch by the lower-layer power divider, the first branch is provided with two first microstrip branches, and the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected with one first output port;
the two first output ports are connected with the input end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider through two coaxial inner cores.
In one embodiment, the 90 ° phase-shift power divider includes: the first input port, the upper power divider, the third branch, the fourth branch, the second microstrip branch and two first output ports;
the second input port is divided into the third branch and the fourth branch by the upper power divider, the third branch is provided with two second microstrip branches, and the third branch and the fourth branch are respectively connected with one second output port.
In one embodiment, the length ratio of the first branch, the second branch, the first microstrip branch, the third branch, the fourth branch, and the second microstrip branch is 4: 8: 1: 2: 4: 1.
in one embodiment, the radiating assembly further comprises a substrate, the radiating patch being disposed on the substrate;
the substrate is arranged above the feed assembly in parallel at intervals.
In one embodiment, two isolation holes corresponding to the coaxial inner cores are arranged on the floor, and the diameter of each isolation hole is larger than that of each coaxial inner core.
In one embodiment, the edge of the upper layer feed board is further provided with a mounting groove for mounting a feed probe.
In one embodiment, the radiating element and the feed element are connected by a connection post having a dielectric constant of 1-3.8.
Above-mentioned high performance circular polarization big dipper array antenna of loading broadband feed network, to current big dipper antenna can only use the single frequency point to excite out circular polarization ripples, its axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth only satisfy single frequency point and the relatively poor technical problem of performance, set up the feed network of dividing the ware to constitute by 180 phase shift merit and 90 phase shift merit, and the radiation paster that the array set up, can realize the excitation of many feed points, the circular polarization performance of full frequency channel is good, and can add other irradiators, support the transplantation, this antenna work is at 1.1GHz to 1.8GHz, cover big dipper full frequency channel, the wholeness can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feed network in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed assembly in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a feed assembly in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary 180 phase-shifted power divider;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 90 ° phase-shifted power divider in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a radiating element in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a phase shifter in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a 180 phase-shifting power divider in one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 90 phase-shifted power divider in one embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a simulation analysis diagram of a feed network in one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic phase difference diagram of a phase shifter in one embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the phase difference at the second output port in one embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a graph of simulated and measured results of S-parameters and axial ratios for an antenna in one embodiment;
figure 14 is a simulated and measured directivity pattern for f 1176.45MHz in one embodiment;
fig. 15 is a simulated and measured pattern for f-1268.52 MHz in one embodiment;
fig. 16 is a simulated and measured pattern for f 1575.42MHz in one embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a test chart for tracking satellites in one embodiment.
The reference numbers:
the feed module 1, the upper feed plate 11, the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111, the second input port 1111, the upper power divider 1112, the third branch 1113, the fourth branch 1114, the second microstrip branch 1115, the second output port 1116, the mounting groove 112, the lower feed plate 12, the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121, the first input port 1211, the lower power divider 1212, the first branch 1213, the second branch 1214, the first microstrip branch 1215, the first output port 1216, the floor 13, the isolation hole 14, the coaxial inner core 15, the radiation module 2, the substrate 21, the radiation patch 22, the feed metal column 3, and the connection column 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.
In addition, descriptions in this application as to "first", "second", etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit to the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality of groups" means at least two groups, e.g., two groups, three groups, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In addition, technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the technical solutions by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with the broadband feed network provided by the present application, in one embodiment, includes: a feed component 1 and a radiation component 2; the feeding component 1 and the radiating component 2 are both plate-shaped structures. The feed assembly 1 is provided with a feed network, and the feed network comprises: a 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121 and a 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111; the radiation assembly 2 is provided with radiation patches 22 distributed in an array, the radiation assembly 2 further comprises a substrate 21, and the radiation patches 22 are arranged on the substrate 21. The output end of the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121 is connected to the input end of the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111, and the output end of the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 is connected to the radiation patch 22.
The substrate 21 of the radiation component 2 is arranged above the feed component 1 in parallel at intervals, the material of the substrate 21 is Rogers 5880, the thickness is 1mm, and the material and the thickness can ensure the gain and the overall performance of the antenna. The interval is in the range of 15-22 mm; preferably, the spacing is 17 mm. The radiation component 2 is connected with the feed component 1 through a connecting column 4, and the dielectric constant of the connecting column 4 is 1-3.8; preferably, the connecting column 4 is made of plastic, which is easy to obtain and has low cost. Preferably, the connecting column 4 has a diameter of 4 mm.
The radiation patches 22 are square with a side length of 50mm, and the distance between two adjacent radiation patches 22 is 3 mm.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows: the antenna signal is input into the input end of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider, is input into the input end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider through the output end of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider, is input into the radiation patch through the output end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider, and then radiates out the energy.
Above-mentioned high performance circular polarization big dipper array antenna of loading broadband feed network, to current big dipper antenna can only use the single frequency point to excite out circular polarization wave, its axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth only satisfy single frequency point and the relatively poor technical problem of performance, the feed network of compriseing ware and 90 phase shift merit branches is divided to the phase shift merit of 180 having set up, and the radiation paster that the array set up, can realize the excitation of many feedback points, the circular polarization performance of full frequency channel is good, and can add other irradiator, support the transplantation, this antenna work is at 1.1GHz to 1.8GHz, cover the full frequency channel of big dipper, the wholeness can be improved.
In one embodiment, the power feeding assembly 1 includes: an upper feed board 11, a lower feed board 12 and a floor 13; the floor 13 is positioned between the upper feed board 11 and the lower feed board 12; the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 is disposed on the upper feeding board 11, and the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121 is disposed on the lower feeding board 12.
The upper feed plate 11 and the lower feed plate 12 are in a square plate structure, the side length of the square is 120mm, the plate thickness is 1mm, the material adopts Arlon AD450, and the relative dielectric constant epsilonrThe loss tangent angle tan δ was 0.0035, which was 4.5. The thickness of the floor is 0.07mm, and the material is copper or ideal electric conductor pec.
The number of the 180 ° phase-shift power splitters 121 is one, the number of the 90 ° phase-shift power splitters 111 is two, and the number of the radiation patches 22 is four; the input ends of the two 90 ° phase-shift power dividers 111 are respectively connected to two output ends of the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121, wherein the input end of one 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 is connected to one output end of the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121, and the input end of the other 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 is connected to the other output end of the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121; each output end of the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 corresponds to one of the radiation patches 22, and the radiation patches 22 are connected to the corresponding output end of the corresponding 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111, specifically, two output ends of one 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 are connected to two radiation patches 22, and two output ends of the other 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 are connected to the other two radiation patches 22.
The 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121 is connected to the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 through two coaxial inner cores 15, and the 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 is connected to the radiation patch 22 through four feed metal posts 3.
The diameter of the coaxial inner core 15 is preferably 2.7mm, so that good power distribution and overall performance can be guaranteed. The material can be selected from various metals, and is preferably copper.
The feed metal stud 3 feeds as an inner conductor and is connected to the centre of the radiating patch 22. The diameter thereof is preferably 5 mm. The material can be selected from various metals, and is preferably copper.
In this embodiment, the feeding component is divided into three layers, and the floor layer is located between the two sets of phase-shifting power dividers, so as to avoid the problem that the performance of each phase-shifting power divider is affected by coupling caused by too close distance between the phase-shifting power dividers, and reduce the size and the cost. The four feed metal columns are vertically distributed, and the four second output ports are symmetrically distributed in position, so that good circular polarization performance can be formed for the radiation patch directly through the feed metal columns. The phase difference of the four second output ports is 88-95 degrees, so that the phase stability is good, namely, the phase shift balance is realized. The power mismatch of the feed network is within 0.5db, so that the power distribution is balanced and the positioning accuracy is good.
In one embodiment, the 180 ° phase-shift power divider 121 includes: a first input port 1211, a lower power divider 1212, a first branch 1213, a second branch 1214, a first microstrip branch 1215, and two first output ports 1216; the first input port 1211 is divided into a first branch 1213 and a second branch 1214 by the lower power divider 1212, two first microstrip branches 1215 are disposed on the first branch 1213, and the first branch 1213 and the second branch 1214 are respectively connected to one first output port 1211.
The 90 ° phase-shift power divider 111 includes: a second input port 1111, an upper power splitter 1112, a third branch 1113, a fourth branch 1114, a second microstrip branch 1115, and two second output ports 1116; the second input port 1111 is divided into a third branch 1113 and a fourth branch 1114 by the upper power divider 1112, the third branch 1113 is provided with two second microstrip branches 1115, and the third branch 1113 and the fourth branch 1114 are respectively connected to a second output port 1111.
The upper power splitter 1112 and the lower power splitter 1212 each include: the circuit comprises an upper branch, a lower branch and corresponding isolation resistors.
For the upper-layer power divider, one end of an upper branch and one end of a lower branch are connected with the second input port at the same time, the other end of the upper branch is connected with the fourth branch, the other end of the lower branch is connected with the third branch, and the other ends of the upper branch and the lower branch are connected with the isolation resistor of the upper-layer power divider at the same time.
For the lower-layer power divider, one end of an upper branch and one end of a lower branch are connected with the first input port at the same time, the other end of the upper branch is connected with the second branch, the other end of the lower branch is connected with the first branch, and the other ends of the upper branch and the lower branch are connected with the isolation resistor of the lower-layer power divider at the same time.
The number of the micro-strip branches is six, wherein the number of the first micro-strip branches 1215 is two, the number of the second micro-strip branches 1115 is four, one ends of the six micro-strip branches are open, and the other ends of the six micro-strip branches are short-circuited and grounded (holes with the diameter of 1.44mm are formed in the floor to be connected with the other ends of the micro-strip branches).
The length ratio of first branch 1213, second branch 1214, first microstrip branch 1215, third branch 1113, fourth branch 1114 and second microstrip branch 1115 is 4: 8: 1: 2: 4: 1.
the working process of the embodiment is as follows: antenna signals are input from a first input port of the lower layer, and form two paths of 0-degree and 180-degree equant signals after passing through a first branch and a second branch of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider, and the two paths of equant signals are output through a first output port and transmitted to a second input port of the upper layer by the coaxial inner core; after the two paths of equally divided signals pass through a third branch and a fourth branch of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider, 0-degree equally divided signals form 0-degree and 90-degree signals, 180-degree equally divided signals form 180-degree and 270-degree signals, and four groups of signals have equal amplitude and are output through a second output port and transmitted to the center of the radiation patch through the feed metal column; the four groups of constant amplitude signals are radiated out through the radiation patch.
In this embodiment, the wilkinson power divider may be used as both the upper power divider and the lower power divider.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the feeding network (i.e. the phase-shifting power divider, including a 180 ° phase-shifting power divider and a 90 ° phase-shifting power divider) can be divided into a power divider part and a phase shifter part, and the working principle thereof is as follows: an input signal is divided into two equal parts by the Wilkinson power divider and input into the phase shifter, and the phase shifter realizes automatic phase adjustment through a grounding and open-circuit microstrip line balun structure (namely a microstrip branch in the implementation), so that the broadband phase-shifting power divider is formed.
The power divider selects a Wilkinson power divider and can be regarded as a three-port network, an input port and two output ports, each port is matched with impedance of 50 omega, an input signal is divided into two paths of signals with equal amplitude and phase, and the impedance
An isolation resistor R, selected as R2Z0I.e. 100 omega, the isolation resistor does not theoretically consume power, and ideally the power of the two output ports is equal and both reduce by 3 dB.
The phase shifter comprises a 180 DEG phase shifter and a 90 DEG phase shifter, both of which can be divided into two branches, and the upper branch comprises an electrical length thetamAnd two pairs of open-circuited, short-circuited, electrically long-thetaSThe impedance of the microstrip branch is Z3The impedance of the microstrip branch is Z2。
The specific theoretical values were calculated as follows:
from sij(i, j ═ 1,2,3,4) is a scattering parameter, and combining the superposition rule and the odd-even mode theory can obtain:
S11＝S12＝0
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
in order to normalize the admittance of the light,
is a normalized frequency.
The phase difference of the output port is:
assuming that the standing wave ratio of the feed network is required to be less than 1.15 and the maximum phase difference is 2 °, a relative bandwidth of 70% can be theoretically achieved.
In the present embodiment, the microstrip lines are the first branch and the third branch.
Let the length of the upper branch microstrip line (first branch) in the 180 DEG phase shifter be lambdagA resistance value of Z3(ii) a The length of the first microstrip branch is lambdag(iii) impedance value Z2(ii) a The length of the microstrip line (second branch) of the lower branch is lambdagImpedance value of Z4(ii) a Z can be obtained according to a formula and through actual optimization parameters2＝1.4Z0，Z3＝1.4Z0。
Let the length of the upper branch microstrip line (third branch) in the 90 DEG phase shifter be lambdag(ii) impedance value Z3(ii) a The length of the second microstrip branch is lambdag(iii) impedance value Z2(ii) a The length of the microstrip line (fourth branch) of the lower branch is lambdagA resistance value of Z4(ii) a Adjust the formula order
Z can be obtained by the same method2＝2.19Z0，Z3＝0.9Z0。
Wherein Z is4Are all taken as Z0＝50Ω。
The difference between the two phase-shifting power dividers is the difference in the resistance of Z (i.e., the width of the microstrip line or microstrip stub), and the difference in the length of the microstrip line in the 180 ° phase shifter and the 90 ° phase shifter.
That is to say:
in the 180 degree phase shift power divider, the length Z of the upper branch and the lower branch of the lower layer power divider1″＝λg/4, width Z1' 0.97mm, resistance
Length Z of first microstrip branch2″＝λg/8, width Z2Value of "1.00 mm, resistance Z2＝1.4Z0(ii) a Length Z of the first branch3″＝λg/2, width Z3Value of "1.00 mm, resistance Z3＝1.4Z0(ii) a Length Z of the second branch4″＝λgWidth Z4Value Z of 1.88mm4＝Z0。
In the 90-degree phase-shift power divider, the lengths Z of the upper branch and the lower branch of the upper-layer power divider1″＝λg/4, width Z1' 0.97mm, resistance
Length Z of the second microstrip branch2″＝λg/8, width Z2' 0.30mm, resistance Z2＝2.19Z0(ii) a Length Z of the third branch3″＝λg/4, width Z3Value Z of 2.25mm3＝0.9Z0(ii) a Length Z of the fourth branch4″＝λg/2, width Z4Value Z of 1.88mm4＝Z0。
In addition, the length of the first input port or the second input port is not limited, and the width of the first input port or the second input port is equal to the width of an ideal 50 Ω transmission line, namely 1.88 mm.
It should be further noted that one end and the other end of the first branch are further connected to the first line segment and the second line segment respectively, one end and the other end of the second branch are further connected to the third line segment and the fourth line segment respectively, one end and the other end of the third branch are further connected to the fifth line segment and the sixth line segment respectively, and one end and the other end of the fourth branch are further connected to the seventh line segment and the eighth line segment respectively. The first line segment, the second line segment, the third line segment, the fourth line segment, the fifth line segment, the sixth line segment, the seventh line segment and the eighth line segment are all ideal microstrip branches, the widths of the microstrip branches are all 1.88mm, the lengths of the first line segment, the second line segment, the third line segment, the fourth line segment, the fifth line segment, the sixth line segment, the seventh line segment and the eighth line segment can be set at will, as long as the sum of the first line segment and the second line segment is equal to the sum of the third line segment and the fourth line segment, and the sum of the fifth line segment and the sixth line segment is equal to the sum of the seventh line segment and the eighth line segment.
For example: get Z 050 Ω, at a frequency of 1.5GHz, λgSpecific values are as follows, 200 mm:
in a 180 ° phase-shifted power divider:
Z1＇＝0.97mm，Z2＇＝1.00mm，Z3＇＝1.00mm，Z4＇＝1.88mm；
Z1″＝50mm，Z2″＝25mm，Z3″＝100mm，Z4″＝200mm。
in the 90-degree phase-shift power divider,
Z1＇＝0.97mm，Z2＇＝0.30mm，Z3＇＝2.25mm，Z4＇＝1.88mm；
Z1″＝50mm，Z2″＝25mm，Z3″＝50mm，Z4″＝100mm。
it should be noted that, as long as the lengths and widths of the first branch, the second branch, the first microstrip branch, the third branch, the fourth branch, and the second microstrip branch are selected from the above preferred values, the change of the angle does not affect the final result, and good symmetry can be ensured, thereby ensuring phase stability.
In one embodiment, the edge of the upper feeding board is further provided with a mounting groove 112 for mounting the feeding probe.
The feed probe (SMA connector) can be fixed on the upper feed plate by welding.
The shape and the size of the mounting groove 112 are not limited in the present application, and the design can be specifically performed according to the actual situation; preferably, there are two mounting grooves 112, which are rectangular, with a groove width of 2mm, a groove depth of 6mm, a groove pitch of 4mm, and a groove length of 1mm (equal to the thickness of the upper layer feed plate).
The installation groove exposes the floor of the middle layer, so that the shell of the feed probe can be connected to the floor conveniently.
In one embodiment, the floor is provided with two isolation holes 14 corresponding to the coaxial inner core, and the diameter of the isolation holes 14 is larger than that of the coaxial inner core. Preferably, the diameter of the isolation hole is 6 mm.
The isolation holes are arranged so that the coaxial inner core passing through the floor avoids contact with the floor.
As shown in fig. 10, the feed network was subjected to simulation analysis, and port 1 is an input port, and ports 2,3,4, and 5 are four output ports. In 1.1GHz-1.6GHz, transmission parameters of four ports are kept between 6.2 dB and 6.7dB, energy difference between the ports is within 0.5dB, loss on the microstrip line is below 0.7dB, S11 simulation and actual measurement are well matched, Beidou full frequency band is below-13 dB, and the power distribution performance is good.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, considering the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter, the phase difference between the two output ports of the 180 ° phase-shifting power divider is maintained between 178 ° and 186 °, and the phase difference between the two output ports of the 90 ° phase-shifting power divider is maintained between 88 ° and 95 °. Through optimizing parameters, the phase difference value of the four ports of the final feed network is kept stable and kept within 90 degrees +/-5 degrees. Summarizing, the power mismatch of the feed network is within 0.5dB, the phase mismatch is kept within 10 degrees, and the feed network is a four-port sequential feed network with high performance and small size.
An antenna model can be made from the simulation and actual measurements can be made.
As shown in fig. 13, the antenna S parameters and axial ratio simulation and actual measurement result are shown in the graphs, such as directional diagrams shown in fig. 14 to 16. The simulation S11 is matched with the actual measurement S11, the relative bandwidth is less than-10 dB in 1.05GHz-1.8GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 52.6%, the axial ratio is less than 3dB in the Beidou three-frequency band, and the axial ratio in 1.4-1.5GHz is caused by welding manufacturing differences. The actual measurement is matched with the simulation directional diagram, the minimum wave beam width can reach 80 degrees, the maximum gain can reach 7.1dB, and the maximum gain is larger than the gain of the radiation patch antenna with the same size.
As shown in fig. 17, the antenna in this embodiment is connected to a GNSS receiver to observe the result of receiving satellites, the antenna tracks 10 beidou satellites and 6 GPS satellites, and the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 30dB except for one GPS satellite. The Earth View graph shows the distribution of part of satellites in the sky, and the antenna can track not only the Beidou satellite but also other navigation system satellites such as Glonass and Galileo. The experimental result shows that the antenna has good capability of receiving satellite signals and can provide high-precision positioning quality.
The Beidou antenna provided by the document can be used as a design reference of a new generation Beidou antenna, the size is small, a microstrip structure is easy to process and manufacture, the gain is high after an antenna array is formed, the designed 180-degree phase-shift power divider and 90-degree phase-shift power divider both have good phase stability and power distribution functions, the sizes are below 80mm 60mm and 60mm, the good portability capability is realized, and the Beidou antenna is suitable for being used for feeding other types of Beidou antennas. Meanwhile, four radiation patches are loaded, S11 of the whole antenna is below-14 dB in the full frequency band of the Beidou No. three system, the circular polarization performance of a wide beam is guaranteed under the condition of keeping high gain, the internal axial ratio of the pitching +/-40 degrees is less than 3, and the antenna has a good application value on ships. The antenna has good satellite receiving capacity, can receive numerous Beidou satellite signals and other navigation satellite signals through tests, and is a high-performance Beidou satellite navigation receiving antenna.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Load broadband feed network's high performance circular polarization big dipper array antenna, its characterized in that includes: a feed component and a radiation component; the feed component and the radiation component are both plate-shaped structures;
the feed assembly is provided with a feed network, and the feed network comprises: a 180 degree phase shift power divider and a 90 degree phase shift power divider;
the radiation assembly is provided with radiation patches distributed in an array manner;
the output end of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider is connected with the input end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider, and the output end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider is connected with the radiation patch.
2. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with the broadband feed network according to claim 1, wherein the number of the 180-degree phase-shift power dividers is one, the number of the 90-degree phase-shift power dividers is two, and the number of the radiation patches is four;
the input ends of the two 90-degree phase-shift power dividers are respectively connected with the two output ends of the 180-degree phase-shift power divider; and the output ends of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider correspond to the radiation patches one by one, and the radiation patches are connected with the corresponding output ends of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider.
3. The high performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with broadband feed network according to claim 2, wherein the feed assembly comprises: the feeding board comprises an upper feeding board, a lower feeding board and a floor; the floor is positioned between the upper feed board and the lower feed board;
the 90-degree phase shift power divider is arranged on the upper-layer feed board, and the 180-degree phase shift power divider is arranged on the lower-layer feed board.
4. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feed network according to claim 3, wherein the 180 ° phase-shift power divider comprises: the microstrip patch antenna comprises a first input port, a lower-layer power divider, a first branch, a second branch, a first microstrip branch and two first output ports;
the first input port is divided into the first branch and the second branch by the lower-layer power divider, the first branch is provided with two first microstrip branches, and the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected with one first output port;
the two first output ports are connected with the input end of the 90-degree phase-shift power divider through two coaxial inner cores.
5. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with the broadband feed network according to claim 4, wherein the 90 ° phase-shift power divider comprises: the first input port, the upper power divider, the third branch, the fourth branch, the second microstrip branch and two first output ports;
the second input port is divided into the third branch and the fourth branch by the upper power divider, the third branch is provided with two second microstrip branches, and the third branch and the fourth branch are respectively connected with one second output port.
6. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with the broadband feed network according to claim 5, wherein the length ratio of the first branch, the second branch, the first microstrip branch, the third branch, the fourth branch and the second microstrip branch is 4: 8: 1: 2: 4: 1.
7. the high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feed network according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the radiation assembly further comprises a substrate, and the radiation patch is arranged on the substrate;
the substrate is arranged above the feed assembly in parallel at intervals.
8. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with the broadband feed network according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein two isolation holes corresponding to the coaxial inner cores are formed in the floor, and the diameters of the isolation holes are larger than that of the coaxial inner cores.
9. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feeding network according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the edge of the upper layer feeding board is further provided with a mounting groove for mounting a feeding probe.
10. The high-performance circularly polarized Beidou array antenna loaded with a broadband feed network according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the radiation assembly and the feed assembly are connected through a connecting column with a dielectric constant of 1-3.8.
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| CN115377680A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-22 | 重庆邮电大学 | Filtering dielectric resonator antenna based on fork-shaped branch and metal column composite structure |
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