CN114417587B - Stratum pore pressure prediction method suitable for compact clastic rock stratum in low-pressure state - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a stratum pore pressure prediction method suitable for a compact clastic rock stratum under a low pressure state, which is characterized in that according to a geological cause background that most of overburden stratum pressure is converted into effective stress on rock skeleton particles caused by secondary sedimentation and burial depth of a geologic body, a stratum pore pressure prediction formula suitable for the compact clastic rock stratum under the low pressure state is deduced by combining the dynamic balance characteristics of the stratum pore pressure and the rock skeleton stress and adopting the volume change rate of stratum pore fluid to indicate the change of the stratum pore fluid pressure, and the stratum pore pressure prediction method for the compact clastic rock stratum under the low pressure state based on the prediction formula is more complete in method theory and only adopts porosity parameters to calculate, thereby effectively overcoming the problem of stratum pore pressure prediction for the compact clastic rock stratum under the condition of less physical parameters of rocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to stratum pore pressure prediction in the technical field of oil and gas field exploration, in particular to a stratum pore pressure prediction method suitable for a compact clastic rock stratum in a low-pressure state.
Background
In recent years, the development of unconventional oil and gas exploration is becoming a global focus of attention. Dense gas is also of great interest as an unconventional oil and gas resource for well drilling and exploitation. For tight gas reservoirs, the formation pore pressure characteristics are very complex, including both high and low pressure states: under high pressure, a conventional method is adopted, an Eaton method for comparing the acoustic wave time difference with the normal compaction trend line is generally adopted, a Filliptone method for the seismic layer velocity is adopted, and various methods such as a porosity and equivalent depth method for well logging data are adopted to achieve prediction accuracy; the reason for the abnormal low pressure is that the geological body is subjected to secondary deposition and burial depth due to the long-time stagnation of the stratum, so that most of the overlying stratum pressure is born by the stress of a rock framework, and the abnormal low pressure is caused, and the characteristic can not be used for predicting the stratum pore pressure through a compaction theory.
At present, few methods for predicting formation pore pressure in a low-pressure state are disclosed, and a representative method published in the publication is a method of "xuanming" et al (study on the mechanism of abnormal low pressure cause in the two-connected basin, "university of petroleum institute (natural science edition), 2007, pages 13-18). The method aims at the abnormal low pressure of the compact clastic rock, and adopts the assumption that the volume change of the underground geologic body is approximately equal to the volume change of the pore fluid:
wherein V is the total volume of the rock; p ov Overburden pressure, unit: MPa; p f Is the formation pore pressure, in units: MPa; k is the bulk modulus, in units: MPa;
is porosity; k is f Fluid compression factor, unit: MPa.
The formula 1 is simplified to obtain
The method needs accurate transverse wave test data when calculating the volume modulus K, but an actual oil and gas well often lacks accurate transverse wave test data, and an empirical formula is usually used for fitting to obtain the transverse wave velocity, so that the method is not high in accuracy of predicting the formation pore pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) analysis of the advantages of the present invention over conventional techniques
The invention is based on the hypothesis that the volume change rate of the formation pore fluid represents the pressure change of the formation pore fluid, and based on the Terzaghi effective stress theorem, the invention adopts the volume change rate of the formation pore fluid to represent the pressure change of the formation pore fluid, and deduces a formation pore pressure prediction formula which is based on the porosity parameter and is suitable for the compact clastic rock formation in a low-pressure state. The formula calculates the formation pore pressure through the porosity parameter without calculating the overlying formation pressure and the bulk modulus, and reduces errors caused by lack of accurate transverse wave test data and near-surface density, so that the method can be better suitable for prediction of the formation pore pressure in different research areas under a low-pressure state compared with the formula 2.
(II) core content of the invention
According to the geological cause background that most of overburden stratum pressure is converted into effective stress on rock skeleton particles due to secondary sediment burial depth of a geologic body, the change of the stratum pore fluid pressure is characterized by adopting the volume change rate of the stratum pore fluid by combining the dynamic balance characteristics of the stratum pore pressure and the rock skeleton stress, the stratum pore pressure prediction formula applicable to the compact clastic rock stratum in the low-pressure state is deduced, the stratum pore pressure prediction of the compact clastic rock stratum in the low-pressure state is carried out based on the prediction formula, the method is more complete in theory, only the porosity parameter is adopted for calculation, and the problem of stratum pore pressure prediction of the compact clastic rock stratum under the condition that the physical parameters of the rock are few is effectively solved.
The derivation process of a core calculation formula suitable for predicting the formation pore pressure of the compact clastic rock formation in a low-pressure state is as follows:
based on Terzaghi effective stress theorem, the relation among the effective stress of the rock, the overburden pressure and the formation pore pressure,
P ov ＝σ+P f (3)
in the formula, P ov Is overburden pressure, in units: MPa; p f Is the formation pore fluid pressure, in units: MPa; σ is the rock skeletal stress of the formation, in units: MPa.
When the earth formation is in a normal state of compaction,
P f ＝P w (4)
in the formula, P w Hydrostatic pressure, unit: MPa.
For a compact clastic rock stratum, the rock skeleton stress of the stratum in a low-pressure state is sigma 1 Comparing and analyzing the variation of the stress of the rock framework in a low-pressure state and a normal compaction state,
Δσ＝σ 1 -σ 0 (5)
σ in equation 5 0 Is the rock skeleton stress in a normal compaction state.
According to the formula 3 and the formula 4, obtaining
σ 1 ＝P ov -P f (6)
σ 0 ＝P ov -P w (7)
Substituting equation 6 and equation 7 into equation 5 to obtain
Δσ＝P w -P f (8)
Next, the amount of change in formation pore fluid pressure in the low pressure state is analyzed in comparison with the normal compaction state.
Based on the assumption that the volume change of the underground geologic body is approximately equal to the volume change of the pore fluid in the abnormal low-pressure state under the conditions of Schenming, et al (research on the mechanism of abnormal low pressure cause of the two-basin-connected field, journal of the university of China (Nature science edition), 2007, pages 13-18), the invention creatively adopts the volume change rate of the formation pore fluid to indicate the change of the pressure of the formation pore fluid,
in the formula, P w Hydrostatic pressure, which represents the formation pore fluid pressure at normal compaction conditions; Δ V r Is the volume change of the pore fluid of the rock, and V is the total volume of the rock.
Based on the theory of methods of Wenxing et al (study of causes of abnormal low pressure in Lianbei basin, production mechanism of Chinese university of Petroleum (Nature science edition), 2007, pages 13-18),
substituting equation 10 into equation 9 to obtain
When the depth of the target layer is not changed, namely the low-pressure cause is not a structural cause, the overlying stratum pressure of the target layer is not changed in a normal compaction state and a low-pressure state; at this time, the decrease of the formation pore pressure and the increase of the effective stress are in dynamic balance by formula 5,
Δσ＝ΔP f (12)
substituting the formula 8 and the formula 10 into the formula 11 to obtain
Equation 13 is the core calculation equation for the formation pore pressure prediction for tight clastic formations at low pressure derived by the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the prediction of formation pore pressure based on logging data of a tight sandstone development area of the group of the temple in a certain area of Sichuan calculated by the method of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A stratum pore pressure prediction method suitable for a compact clastic rock stratum in a low-pressure state is characterized in that the concrete steps of predicting the stratum pore pressure of a target interval based on logging data comprise:
step 1, inputting porosity POR and natural gamma GR logging data and time-depth relation of a research area, depths of a top interface and a bottom interface of a target layer, data of an actually measured pressure point of the target layer and an actually measured pressure value P f_real And depth H real ；
Step 2, calculating intermediate parameters of the target interval and a fluid compression coefficient K based on the logging data of the actually measured pressure point f
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the porosity of the measured pressure point is obtained;
step 3, circularly calculating the depth of each depth point of the target interval,
wherein i ranges from 0 to N, H 0 Is the depth of the top interface of the target interval, H 1 Is the depth of the bottom interface of the target interval;
step 4, calculating the current depth point H of the target layer section i Pore pressure P of the formation f_i
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
porosity at the ith depth point;
step 5, calculating the current depth point H of the target layer section i Pressure coefficient P of coef_i ，
P coef_i ＝P f_i /(0.0098*H i ) (17)
In the formula, P f_i Is a depth point H i The formation pore pressure of;
and 6, calculating from i =0, sequentially increasing the value of i, and repeating the steps 4 to 5 until the circulation is finished when i = N, so as to obtain the formation pore pressure and the formation pore pressure coefficient of the target interval in the abnormal low-pressure state.
Example 2
In order to illustrate the effectiveness and the advancement of the core formula of the invention, a completed well with measured formation pore pressure data is used for analysis and illustration.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the prediction of the formation pore pressure of a tight sandstone development area of a salxi temple group in a certain area of Sichuan calculated by the method based on logging data, wherein the 1 st column in the diagram is depth, unit: m; column 2 is the acoustic moveout, unit: us/ft; column 3 is porosity, unit: %; column 4 is natural gamma, unit: an API; column 4 is predicted formation pore pressure, in units: MPa; three actual measurement pressure points are arranged in the target layer section, the prediction errors are respectively 0.3MPa, 0.2MPa and 0.4MPa, and are all less than 0.5MPa, and the prediction precision is met.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A stratum pore pressure prediction method suitable for a compact clastic rock stratum in a low-pressure state is characterized in that the concrete steps of predicting the stratum pore pressure of a target interval based on logging data comprise:
step 1, inputting porosity POR and natural gamma GR logging data and time-depth relation of a research area, depths of a top interface and a bottom interface of a target layer, data of an actually measured pressure point of the target layer and an actually measured pressure value P f_real And depth H real ；
Step 2, calculating intermediate parameters of the target interval and a fluid compression coefficient K based on the logging data of the actually measured pressure point f ，
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the porosity of the measured pressure point is obtained;
step 3, circularly calculating the depth of each depth point of the target interval,
wherein i ranges from 0 to N, H 0 Is the depth of the top interface of the target interval, H 1 Is the depth of the bottom interface of the target interval;
step 4, calculating the current depth point H of the target layer section i Pore pressure P of the formation f_i ，
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
porosity at the ith depth point;
step 5, calculating the target layer section asFront depth point H i Pressure coefficient P of coef_i ，
P coef_i ＝P f_i /(0.0098*H i ) (4)
In the formula, P f_i Is a depth point H i The formation pore pressure of;
and 6, calculating from i =0, sequentially increasing the value of i, and repeating the steps 4 to 5 until the circulation is finished when i = N, so as to obtain the formation pore pressure and the formation pore pressure coefficient of the target interval in the abnormal low-pressure state.
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