CN114413858A - Track geometric linear observation method based on full-automatic total station - Google Patents
Track geometric linear observation method based on full-automatic total station Download PDFInfo
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- CN114413858A CN114413858A CN202111481796.3A CN202111481796A CN114413858A CN 114413858 A CN114413858 A CN 114413858A CN 202111481796 A CN202111481796 A CN 202111481796A CN 114413858 A CN114413858 A CN 114413858A
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a track geometric linear observation method based on a full-automatic total station, which comprises the following steps: A. erecting field equipment: the method comprises the steps of monitoring point arrangement, datum point arrangement and observation pier arrangement; B. data analysis and processing: the method comprises the steps of calculating and publishing a coordinate system, a coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state and a track geometry state, wherein the coordinate system comprises a plane coordinate system and an elevation system. The invention realizes automatic acquisition, calculation and analysis of monitoring data through an automatic monitoring software system, can control the states of equipment such as a track, a foundation and the like in real time, has the functions of real-time sharing and automatic overrun alarming, develops fixing devices such as a pin type track monitoring prism, a separation type track monitoring prism and a universal type track monitoring prism for ensuring the reliability of data acquisition, can reduce the risk of upper-road operation, ensures the monitoring frequency and the monitoring precision, guides field construction and line maintenance, and provides an effective scientific and technological means for the construction safety of business lines and the driving safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railways, in particular to a track geometric linear observation method based on a full-automatic total station.
Background
During the construction process of the deep railway overpass which is close to foundation pit excavation and is penetrated by box culvert jacking, the deformation of a railway bed can be caused, the smoothness of a track is further influenced, and the operation safety of the railway is directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a track geometric linear observation method based on a full-automatic total station so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a track geometric linear observation method based on a full-automatic total station comprises the following steps:
A. erecting field equipment: the method comprises the steps of monitoring point arrangement, datum point arrangement and observation pier arrangement;
B. data analysis and processing: the method comprises the steps of calculating and issuing a coordinate system, a coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state and a track geometry state, wherein the coordinate system comprises a plane coordinate system and an elevation system, and meanwhile, the plane coordinate system adopts an engineering independent plane coordinate system in a measuring area range and takes the direction along the large mileage of a railway as a Y axis; the perpendicular line to the Y axis is the X axis, and the elevation system adopts an independent elevation system of a measuring area;
C. the coordinate system requirements comprise horizontal angle observation requirements, side length observation precision requirements, side length correction requirements and plane control network retest requirements;
D. the coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state comprises a track geometry state concept, a conversion basis and calculation, and the track geometry state concept comprises track gauge irregularity, horizontal irregularity, direction irregularity, height irregularity and triangular pits;
E. the calculation and the release of the track geometric state comprise calculation definition and computer display, and the calculation definition comprises track gauge, level, left height, right height, triangular pits, left track direction and right track direction.
Preferably, the monitoring point layout is continuously optimized and improved, multi-round discussion and field test are carried out on the fixing form and the function requirement of the prism fixing device, and finally, the bolt type, the separated type and the universal type prism fixing devices are developed; the datum point is arranged in the rear view direction of the observation pier, 3-5 prisms are arranged as rear view points, the distance between the datum point and the observation pier is within 100m, the observation is in a good area, and the stability of the observation station is checked through the rear view points; the observation pier is provided with the triangular support for erecting the total station and mounting the beam and the strip-based monitoring prism, and finally the triangular support is formed in a steel structure form through multiple improvements, is assembled in sections, is fastened in connection, is convenient to mount and dismount, and is light in weight and capable of being reused.
Preferably, the horizontal angle observation requires that the half-return-to-zero difference is not greater than 4 ", the 2C difference in one echo is not greater than 6", and the return-to-zero difference in the same direction value is not greater than 4 "; the side length observation precision requirement is that the difference between readings in one measuring loop is not more than 1mm, the difference between each measuring loop in one way is not more than 1.5mm, the difference between the results in the round trip or different time periods is not more than V2X (a + b X D10-6) is the nominal precision of the instrument, and the target is calibrated for 1 reading and 4 readings to be one measuring loop; the side length correction requires temperature and air pressure correction, instrument addition and multiplication constant correction and inclination correction are automatically carried out by a total station, and because the plane network is an independent system, the area of the control network is small, and elevation normalization correction and projection correction are not required; the retest requirement of the plane control network is that the plane control network retests once every month during the monitoring period, if necessary, the retest is carried out in time, and the point difference of the control points corresponding to the retest and the initial measurement meets the specification requirement.
Preferably, the track gauge irregularity is a deviation of a shortest inner side distance between two tracks measured below the top surface of the track relative to a standard track gauge, and the distance between a left measuring point and a right measuring point of the same section is calculated during measurement by a total station; the horizontal irregularity is: the height difference of the top surfaces of the left rail and the right rail on the same cross section is calculated by using the height difference between the left measuring point and the right measuring point on the same cross section when the total station is used for measuring (no curve is included, and the over-height value on the curve is relieved); the direction irregularity is the irregularity of the inner side surface of the steel rail along the direction of an extension line, and the irregularity of the direction of a certain point during measurement by a total station is represented by the distance from the point to a straight line between the connecting lines of two adjacent points; the height irregularity is vertical irregularity of the track, and the height irregularity of a certain point during measurement by the total station is represented by an elevation difference between the point and a central point of a connecting line of two adjacent points; the triangular pit is the distortion of the top surfaces of the left rail and the right rail relative to the plane of the rail, and is measured by the algebraic difference of horizontal irregularity amplitude values at a certain distance, and the horizontal algebraic difference of two adjacent points is expressed when the total station is used for measurement.
Preferably, the conversion basis and calculation are that total station measurement three-dimensional coordinates of two points on the left and right of the ith (i ═ 1, 2, …, 8) observation section at the time t are (XLi, YLi, ZLi), (XRi, YRi, ZRi), initial coordinates of the point are (XLi0, YLi0, ZLi0), (XRi0, YRi0, ZRi0), and then the rail distance deviation is:
the levels (based on the left strand) were Li ═ (ZRi-ZLi) - (ZRi 0-ZLi 0) + L0:
left direction is (calculated by triangle height vector formula):
in the formula:
the right direction is:
in the formula:
the left height is:
the right height is:
triangular pit (measured by the algebraic difference of the horizontal irregularity amplitude of two adjacent points): t isi＝Li-Li-1。
Preferably, the track gauge is a flat distance between a left measuring point and a right measuring point of a certain group; the level is the left side point elevation subtracted from the right side point elevation of a certain group; the left height is the distance between the left side point of a certain group and the vertical line of the connecting line of the two left side points of the front group and the rear group on the vertical plane; the right height is the distance of a perpendicular line on the vertical plane between a right point of a certain group and a connecting line of two right points of a front group and a rear group (the ray direction of the group numbers in the track gauge, the level, the left height and the right height is from small to large, the upper side is positive, and the lower side is negative); the triangular pit is formed by subtracting the level of the previous group from the level of a certain group; the left track direction is the distance of a perpendicular line of a connecting line of a left point of a certain group of the straight line segment and two left points of a front group and a rear group of the straight line segment on the plane; the right track direction is the distance between a certain group of right side points of the straight line segment and the perpendicular line of the connecting line of the two right side points of the front group and the rear group on the plane (the radial direction of the group numbers in the triangular pit, the left track direction and the right track direction from small to large, the left side is positive, and the right side is negative).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes automatic acquisition, calculation and analysis of monitoring data through an automatic monitoring software system, can control the states of equipment such as a track, a foundation and the like in real time, has the functions of real-time sharing and automatic overrun alarming, develops fixing devices such as a pin type track monitoring prism, a separation type track monitoring prism and a universal type track monitoring prism for ensuring the reliability of data acquisition, can reduce the risk of upper-road operation, ensures the monitoring frequency and the monitoring precision, guides field construction and line maintenance, and provides an effective scientific and technological means for the construction safety of business lines and the driving safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the gauge deviation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a horizontal schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right-side view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the left side of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the right side of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a triangular pit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, a method for observing a geometric linear orbit based on a fully automatic total station includes the following steps:
A. erecting field equipment: the method comprises the steps of monitoring point arrangement, datum point arrangement and observation pier arrangement;
B. data analysis and processing: the method comprises the steps of calculating and issuing a coordinate system, a coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state and a track geometry state, wherein the coordinate system comprises a plane coordinate system and an elevation system, and meanwhile, the plane coordinate system adopts an engineering independent plane coordinate system in a measuring area range and takes the direction along the large mileage of a railway as a Y axis; the perpendicular line to the Y axis is the X axis, and the elevation system adopts an independent elevation system of a measuring area;
C. the coordinate system requirements comprise horizontal angle observation requirements, side length observation precision requirements, side length correction requirements and plane control network retest requirements;
D. the coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state comprises a track geometry state concept, a conversion basis and calculation, and the track geometry state concept comprises track gauge irregularity, horizontal irregularity, direction irregularity, height irregularity and triangular pits;
E. the calculation and the release of the track geometric state comprise calculation definition and computer display, and the calculation definition comprises track gauge, level, left height, right height, triangular pits, left track direction and right track direction.
Realize monitoring data automatic acquisition, calculation and analysis through automatic monitoring software system, can master in real time the track, equipment status such as basis, have real-time sharing and transfinite autoalarm function, and for the reliability of guarantee data acquisition, fixing device such as development pin formula, disconnect-type, universal track monitoring prism, and simultaneously, can reduce the operation risk of going on the road, guaranteed monitoring frequency and monitoring precision, guide site operation, the circuit maintenance, it provides effectual scientific and technological means to provide business line construction safety and driving safety.
Monitoring point layout is continuously optimized and improved, multi-round discussion and field test are carried out on the fixing form and the functional requirements of the prism fixing device, and finally, a bolt type, a separation type and a universal prism fixing device are developed; the datum point is arranged in the rear view direction of the observation pier, 3-5 prisms are arranged as rear view points, the distance between the datum point and the observation pier is within 100m, the observation is in a good area, and the stability of the observation station is checked through the rear view points; the observation pier is provided with the triangular support for erecting the total station and mounting the beam and the strip-based monitoring prism, and finally the triangular support is formed in a steel structure form through multiple improvements, is assembled in sections, is fastened in connection, is convenient to mount and dismount, and is light in weight and capable of being reused.
The horizontal angle observation requirement is measured by a method of measuring with a return-to-zero method, wherein the half return-to-zero difference is not more than 4 ', the 2C difference in a return is not more than 6 ', and each return-to-zero difference in the same direction value is not more than 4 '; the side length observation precision requirement is that the difference between readings in one measuring loop is not more than 1mm, the difference between each measuring loop in one way is not more than 1.5mm, the difference between the results in the round trip or different time periods is not more than V2X (a + b X D10-6) is the nominal precision of the instrument, and the target is calibrated for 1 reading and 4 readings to be one measuring loop; the side length correction requires temperature and air pressure correction, instrument addition and multiplication constant correction and inclination correction are automatically carried out by a total station, and because the plane network is an independent system, the area of the control network is small, and elevation normalization correction and projection correction are not required; the retest requirement of the plane control network is that the plane control network retests once every month during the monitoring period, if necessary, the retest is carried out in time, and the point difference of the control points corresponding to the retest and the initial measurement meets the specification requirement.
The irregularity of the track gauge is the deviation of the shortest inner side distance between two tracks measured below the top surface of the track relative to the standard track gauge, and the distance between the left measuring point and the right measuring point of the same section is calculated when the total station measures; the horizontal irregularity is: the height difference of the top surfaces of the left rail and the right rail on the same cross section is calculated by using the height difference between the left measuring point and the right measuring point on the same cross section when the total station is used for measuring (no curve is included, and the over-height value on the curve is relieved); the direction irregularity is the irregularity of the inner side surface of the steel rail along the direction of an extension line, and the irregularity of the direction of a certain point during measurement by a total station is represented by the distance from the point to a straight line between the connecting lines of two adjacent points; the height irregularity is vertical irregularity of the track, and the height irregularity of a certain point during measurement by the total station is represented by an elevation difference between the point and a central point of a connecting line of two adjacent points; the triangular pit is the distortion of the top surfaces of the left rail and the right rail relative to the plane of the rail, and is measured by the algebraic difference of horizontal irregularity amplitude values at a certain distance, and the horizontal algebraic difference of two adjacent points is expressed when the total station is used for measurement.
The basis of the conversion and calculation is that the total station measurement three-dimensional coordinates of two points on the left and right of the ith (i ═ 1, 2, …, 8) observation section at the time t are (XLi, YLi, ZLi), (XRi, YRi, ZRi), the initial coordinates of the point are (XLi0, YLi0, ZLi0), (XRi0, YRi0, ZRi0), and the track distance deviation is:
the levels (based on the left strand) were Li ═ (ZRi-ZLi) - (ZRi 0-ZLi 0) + L0:
left direction is (calculated by triangle height vector formula):
in the formula:
the right direction is:
in the formula:
the left height is:
the right height is:
triangular pit (measured by the algebraic difference of the horizontal irregularity amplitude of two adjacent points): t isi＝Li-Li-1。
The track gauge is the flat distance between the left measuring point and the right measuring point of a certain group; the level is the left side point elevation subtracted from the right side point elevation of a certain group; the left height is the distance between the left side point of a certain group and the vertical line of the connecting line of the two left side points of the front group and the rear group on the vertical plane; the right height is the distance of a perpendicular line on the vertical plane between a right point of a certain group and a connecting line of two right points of a front group and a rear group (the ray direction of the group numbers in the track gauge, the level, the left height and the right height is from small to large, the upper side is positive, and the lower side is negative); the triangular pit is formed by subtracting the level of the previous group from the level of a certain group; the left track direction is the distance of a perpendicular line of a connecting line of a left point of a certain group of the straight line segment and two left points of a front group and a rear group of the straight line segment on the plane; the right track direction is the distance between a certain group of right side points of the straight line segment and the perpendicular line of the connecting line of the two right side points of the front group and the rear group on the plane (the radial direction of the group numbers in the triangular pit, the left track direction and the right track direction from small to large, the left side is positive, and the right side is negative).
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A track geometric linear observation method based on a full-automatic total station is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. erecting field equipment: the method comprises the steps of monitoring point arrangement, datum point arrangement and observation pier arrangement;
B. data analysis and processing: the method comprises the steps of calculating and issuing a coordinate system, a coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state and a track geometry state, wherein the coordinate system comprises a plane coordinate system and an elevation system, and meanwhile, the plane coordinate system adopts an engineering independent plane coordinate system in a measuring area range and takes the direction along the large mileage of a railway as a Y axis; the perpendicular line to the Y axis is the X axis, and the elevation system adopts an independent elevation system of a measuring area;
C. the coordinate system requirements comprise horizontal angle observation requirements, side length observation precision requirements, side length correction requirements and plane control network retest requirements;
D. the coordinate geometry conversion track geometry state comprises a track geometry state concept, a conversion basis and calculation, and the track geometry state concept comprises track gauge irregularity, horizontal irregularity, direction irregularity, height irregularity and triangular pits;
E. the calculation and the release of the track geometric state comprise calculation definition and computer display, and the calculation definition comprises track gauge, level, left height, right height, triangular pits, left track direction and right track direction.
2. The fully automatic total station based track geometry line type observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring point layout is continuously optimized and improved, multi-round discussion and field test are carried out on the fixing form and the functional requirements of the prism fixing device, and finally, a bolt type, a separated type and a universal type prism fixing device are developed; the datum point is arranged in the rear view direction of the observation pier, 3-5 prisms are arranged as rear view points, the distance between the datum point and the observation pier is within 100m, the observation is in a good area, and the stability of the observation station is checked through the rear view points; the observation pier is provided with the triangular support for erecting the total station and mounting the beam and the strip-based monitoring prism, and finally the triangular support is formed in a steel structure form through multiple improvements, is assembled in sections, is fastened in connection, is convenient to mount and dismount, and is light in weight and capable of being reused.
3. The fully automatic total station based track geometry line type observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal angle observation requirements are that the observation is measured by a method of measuring with a return to zero (SRR) difference of not more than 4 ', the 2C difference in one SRR is not more than 6 ', and each SRR difference in the same direction value is not more than 4 '; the side length observation precision requirement is that the difference between readings in one measuring loop is not more than 1mm, the difference between each measuring loop in one way is not more than 1.5mm, the difference between the results in the round trip or different time periods is not more than V2X (a + b X D10-6) is the nominal precision of the instrument, and the target is calibrated for 1 reading and 4 readings to be one measuring loop; the side length correction requires temperature and air pressure correction, instrument addition and multiplication constant correction and inclination correction are automatically carried out by a total station, and because the plane network is an independent system, the area of the control network is small, and elevation normalization correction and projection correction are not required; the retest requirement of the plane control network is that the plane control network retests once every month during the monitoring period, if necessary, the retest is carried out in time, and the point difference of the control points corresponding to the retest and the initial measurement meets the specification requirement.
4. The fully automatic total station based track geometry line type observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the track gauge irregularity is the deviation of the shortest inner side distance between two tracks measured below the top surface of the track relative to the standard track gauge, and the distance between the left measuring point and the right measuring point of the same section is calculated during the measurement of the total station; the horizontal irregularity is: the height difference of the top surfaces of the left rail and the right rail on the same cross section is calculated by using the height difference between the left measuring point and the right measuring point on the same cross section when the total station is used for measuring (no curve is included, and the over-height value on the curve is relieved); the direction irregularity is the irregularity of the inner side surface of the steel rail along the direction of an extension line, and the irregularity of the direction of a certain point during measurement by a total station is represented by the distance from the point to a straight line between the connecting lines of two adjacent points; the height irregularity is vertical irregularity of the track, and the height irregularity of a certain point during measurement by the total station is represented by an elevation difference between the point and a central point of a connecting line of two adjacent points; the triangular pit is the distortion of the top surfaces of the left rail and the right rail relative to the plane of the rail, and is measured by the algebraic difference of horizontal irregularity amplitude values at a certain distance, and the horizontal algebraic difference of two adjacent points is expressed when the total station is used for measurement.
5. The fully automatic total station based track geometry line type observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transformation basis and calculation are that the total station measurement three-dimensional coordinates of two points on the left and right of the ith (i ═ 1, 2, …, 8) observation section at the time t are (XLi, YLi, ZLi), (XRi, YRi, ZRi), the initial coordinates of the point are (XLi0, YLi0, ZLi0), (XRi0, YRi0, ZRi0), and the track distance deviation is:
the levels (based on the left strand) were Li ═ (ZRi-ZLi) - (ZRi 0-ZLi 0) + L0:
left direction is (calculated by triangle height vector formula):
in the formula:
the right direction is:
in the formula:
the left height is:
the right height is:
triangular pit (measured by the algebraic difference of the horizontal irregularity amplitude of two adjacent points): t isi＝Li-Li-1。
6. The fully automatic total station based track geometry line type observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the track gauge is the flat distance between a left measuring point and a right measuring point of a certain group; the level is the left side point elevation subtracted from the right side point elevation of a certain group; the left height is the distance between the left side point of a certain group and the vertical line of the connecting line of the two left side points of the front group and the rear group on the vertical plane; the right height is the distance of a perpendicular line on the vertical plane between a right point of a certain group and a connecting line of two right points of a front group and a rear group (the ray direction of the group numbers in the track gauge, the level, the left height and the right height is from small to large, the upper side is positive, and the lower side is negative); the triangular pit is formed by subtracting the level of the previous group from the level of a certain group; the left track direction is the distance of a perpendicular line of a connecting line of a left point of a certain group of the straight line segment and two left points of a front group and a rear group of the straight line segment on the plane; the right track direction is the distance between a certain group of right side points of the straight line segment and the perpendicular line of the connecting line of the two right side points of the front group and the rear group on the plane (the radial direction of the group numbers in the triangular pit, the left track direction and the right track direction from small to large, the left side is positive, and the right side is negative).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117494277A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-02 | 北京交通大学 | Linear regulation and control method for large-span high-speed railway bridge track based on temperature deformation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117494277A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-02 | 北京交通大学 | Linear regulation and control method for large-span high-speed railway bridge track based on temperature deformation |
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