CN114412558A - Acid heavy metal drainage plugging process and structure for waste pyrite well - Google Patents

Acid heavy metal drainage plugging process and structure for waste pyrite well Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114412558A
CN114412558A CN202111618319.7A CN202111618319A CN114412558A CN 114412558 A CN114412558 A CN 114412558A CN 202111618319 A CN202111618319 A CN 202111618319A CN 114412558 A CN114412558 A CN 114412558A
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China
Prior art keywords
area
plugging
water
grouting
cement
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CN202111618319.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
邢玉权
杨丽红
孟楠
甘平
贾水星
郭超
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China Energy Conservation Dadi Environmental Remediation Co ltd
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China Energy Conservation Dadi Environmental Remediation Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111618319.7A priority Critical patent/CN114412558A/en
Publication of CN114412558A publication Critical patent/CN114412558A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F16/00—Drainage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
    • C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of treatment of acidic water pollution of mine tunnels, and discloses a drainage plugging process and a drainage plugging structure for acidic heavy metals in waste pyrite wells, which specifically comprise the following steps: 1) and (3) carrying out hydrogeological survey on the tunnel: dividing the tunnel into a water gushing area, a water spraying area and a drying area according to the position of the water seepage point and the size of the water seepage amount; 2) dividing a grouting plugging area and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area: dividing the area into a grouting plugging area and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area; 3) preparing a plugging material: preparing modified acid-resistant superfine cement and bentonite; 4) plugging the tunnel: injecting the modified acid-resistant superfine cement into the grouting plugging area through high-pressure grouting equipment, and backfilling the bentonite to the complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area. According to the invention, through backfilling of the waste pyrite mine, a novel targeted blocking structure is arranged on the water burst channel of the mine, the generation amount of acidic heavy metal drainage is reduced to a certain extent, and the purpose of reducing the acidic heavy metal drainage of the waste pyrite mine is realized.

Description

Acid heavy metal drainage plugging process and structure for waste pyrite well
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pollution treatment of acidic water mine tunnels, in particular to a drainage plugging process and a drainage plugging structure for acidic heavy metals in a waste pyrite well.
Background
With the issuance of implementation of an implementation scheme for preventing and treating groundwater pollution (soil circulation [ 2019 ] 25), technical guidelines for abandoned well sealing and backfilling (trial implementation), the work of preventing and treating groundwater pollution related to backfilling abandoned mines is steadily promoted. In the process of underground mining of pyrite, ores with high sulfur content are mined, more pyrite lean ore zones can be remained around a mine, and the sulfur-containing mineral components form acidic heavy metal drainage through dissolution and oxidation, so that the acidic heavy metal drainage has serious adverse effects on the downstream surface water environment.
The hydrogeological factors influencing the migration of underground water in metamorphic rocks of the pyrite in the metamorphic rocks are mainly bed rock joint cracks and fault fracture zones, and the development degree of the bed rock joint cracks and the water permeability of the fault fracture zones can influence the water permeability distribution of the whole pyrite area. The bed rock joint crack in a local area does not develop or a fault fracture zone is not permeable, and the area is generally dry; the water is guided in a more developed or fault-broken zone of a bedrock joint crack in a local area, and the water seepage amount of the area is generally larger, so that the plugging of the mine acidic heavy metal drainage is set in a targeted manner according to the water seepage amount; in addition, the mine plugging material also has the acid resistance in consideration of the acid environment of the mine so as to increase the long-term stability of the mine plugging material.
Therefore, the invention provides a novel acid heavy metal drainage plugging structure for a waste pyrite well, which comprises a corresponding acid-resistant plugging material, and solves the technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process and a structure thereof.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) carrying out hydrogeological survey on the tunnel: the method comprises the following steps that pyrite is located in metamorphic rocks, a tunnel is formed after excavation, water seepage parameters are measured and recorded during tunnel hydrogeological investigation, the water seepage parameters comprise water seepage point positions and water seepage amounts, and the tunnel is divided into a water inflow area, a water spraying area and a drying area according to the water seepage point positions and the water seepage amounts;
2) dividing a grouting plugging area and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area: dividing tunnel surrounding rocks into a fault fracture zone, a bedrock fracture development zone and a complete bedrock zone respectively by combining the crushing degree of the bedrock, dividing the fault fracture zone and the bedrock fracture development zone into grouting plugging zones together, and dividing the complete bedrock zone into a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing zone;
3) preparing a plugging material: preparing modified acid-resistant superfine cement and bentonite;
4) plugging the tunnel: injecting modified acid-resistant superfine cement into the upper part of the grouting plugging area through high-pressure grouting equipment, and backfilling bentonite to the bottom of the complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area.
Preferably, the preparation of the modified acid-resistant superfine cement comprises the following steps: the superfine cement is modified by adding volcanic ash with the mass fraction of 20-30%, and the active ingredients of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the volcanic ash react with the calcium hydroxide of the cement hydration product to produce calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate with good chemical stability.
Preferably, when the area of the grouting plugging area is less than 5-10 square meters, the grouting plugging area is defined as a small-area grouting plugging area, and bentonite is backfilled at the bottom of the small-area grouting plugging area.
Preferably, the grouting plugging area is defined as a large-area grouting plugging area when the sectional area of the grouting plugging area is more than or equal to 5-10 square meters, the mixture of the acid-resistant cement lead-zinc tailings is required to be prepared in the step 3), and the mixture of the acid-resistant cement lead-zinc tailings is backfilled to the bottom of the large-area grouting plugging area through high-pressure grouting equipment in the step 4).
Preferably, the preparation of the mixture of the acid-resistant cement lead-zinc tailings comprises the following steps: the common cement is doped with 20-30% of volcanic ash by mass percent to modify the cement and form acid-resistant cement, and lead-zinc tailings are doped into the acid-resistant cement.
Preferably, the sulfur content in the lead-zinc tailings is less than 5%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the acid-resistant cement to the lead-zinc tailings is 1:6-1: 10.
Preferably, the water inflow area is the water inflow area when the seepage water presents a continuous flowing state, and the water inflow amount is more than 0.05L/square meter.s; when the water presents an intermittent dripping state, the water is in a water spraying area, and the water inflow is between 0.005 and 0.05L/square meter.s; when the water is in a non-dripping state, the water is in a drying area, and the water inflow is less than 0.005L/square meter per second.
Preferably, the parameter of the bed rock breaking degree is a bed rock fracture rate, wherein rocks near a fault breaking zone are broken, the fracture rate is greater than 5%, and a water burst area corresponds to the fault breaking zone; the fracture rate of the bed rock fracture development zone is between 2 and 5 percent, and the water spraying area corresponds to the bed rock fracture development zone; the fracture rate of the complete bedrock area is less than 2%, and the dry area corresponds to the complete bedrock area.
Preferably, the pressure generated by the high-pressure grouting equipment in the step 4) is 25-35 MPa.
The acid heavy metal drainage plugging structure for the abandoned pyrite well comprises a grouting plugging area and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area, wherein the complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area is filled with bentonite, the grouting plugging area is divided into a small-area grouting plugging area with the sectional area smaller than 5-10 square meters and a large-area grouting plugging area with the sectional area larger than or equal to 5-10 square meters, modified acid-resistant superfine cement is filled at the upper part of the small-area grouting plugging area, bentonite is filled at the bottom of the small-area grouting plugging area, modified acid-resistant superfine cement is filled at the upper part of the large-area grouting plugging area, and a mixture of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings is filled at the bottom of the large-area grouting plugging area.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: according to the invention, through backfilling of the waste pyrite mine, a novel targeted blocking structure is arranged on the water burst channel of the mine, the generation amount of acidic heavy metal drainage is reduced to a certain extent, and the purpose of reducing the acidic heavy metal drainage of the waste pyrite mine is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
The names of the parts indicated by the numerical references in the drawings are as follows: 1-grouting plugging area, 2-complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area, 3-modified acid-resistant superfine cement, 4-bentonite, 5-mixture of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings, 11-small-area grouting plugging area and 12-large-area grouting plugging area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
A waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) carrying out hydrogeological survey on the tunnel: the method comprises the following steps that pyrite is located in metamorphic rocks, a tunnel is formed after excavation, water seepage parameters are measured and recorded during tunnel hydrogeological investigation, the water seepage parameters comprise water seepage point positions and water seepage amounts, and the tunnel is divided into a water inflow area, a water spraying area and a drying area according to the water seepage point positions and the water seepage amounts;
2) dividing a grouting plugging area 1 and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area 2: according to the crushing degree of the bedrock, dividing the gallery surrounding rock into a fault crushing zone, a bedrock fracture development zone and a complete bedrock zone respectively, wherein in general, the water seepage quantity of the fault crushing zone is large and is a water inflow zone; the bedrock fracture development area is in a dripping state and is a water spraying area; the complete bedrock area is a dry area, the fault fracture zone and the bedrock fracture development zone are jointly divided into a grouting plugging area 1, and the complete bedrock area is divided into a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area 2;
3) preparing a plugging material: preparing modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3 and bentonite 4;
4) plugging the tunnel: the modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3 is injected into the upper part of the grouting plugging area 1 through high-pressure grouting equipment, the superfine cement particles of the modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3 are fine, the rheological controllability of the grout is good, the grout can be favorably diffused, the grout can be diffused to fine cracks in a rock stratum, the plugging effect is good, and the water plugging efficiency is high; the complete surrounding rock impervious area 2 is the complete surrounding rock around the mine, the bed rock joint crack does not develop, water dripping and water seepage hardly occur, and the bentonite 4 is adopted as the mine filling material, so the bentonite 4 is backfilled to the bottom of the complete surrounding rock impervious area 2.
Preparation of modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3: mine drainage is strong in acidity, pH is generally between 2 and 4, ordinary superfine cement is poor in stability in an acidic environment, 20-30% of volcanic ash is doped into the superfine cement to modify the superfine cement, and active ingredients of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the volcanic ash react with calcium hydroxide serving as a cement hydration product to produce hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated calcium aluminate with good chemical stability, so that the acid corrosion resistance of the superfine cement is enhanced, the stability is further increased, the permeability is reduced, and the acid corrosion resistance of the cement is enhanced.
When the water seepage shows a continuous flowing state, the water inflow area is a water inflow area, and the water inflow amount is more than 0.05L/square meter per second; when the water presents an intermittent dripping state, the water is in a water spraying area, and the water inflow is between 0.005 and 0.05L/square meter.s; when the water is in a non-dripping state, the water is in a drying area, and the water inflow is less than 0.005L/square meter per second.
The bedrock breaking degree parameter is bedrock fracture rate, wherein rocks near a fault breaking zone are broken, the fracture rate is more than 5%, and a water burst area generally corresponds to the fault breaking zone; the fracture rate of a bed rock fracture development zone is between 2 and 5 percent, and a water spraying area generally corresponds to the bed rock fracture development zone; the intact bedrock zone has a fracture rate of less than 2% and the dry zone generally corresponds to the intact bedrock zone.
The pressure generated by the high-pressure grouting equipment in the step 4) is 25-35 MPa.
Example 2
The method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that when the area of the grouting plugging area 1 is less than 8 square meters, the grouting plugging area is defined as a small-area grouting plugging area 11, and bentonite 4 is backfilled at the bottom of the small-area grouting plugging area 11.
Example 3
The same as example 2, except that when the cross-sectional area of the grouting plugging area 1 is greater than or equal to 8 square meters, the grouting plugging area is defined as a large-area grouting plugging area 12, the area generally has large water seepage amount, poor stability of surrounding rocks and easy collapse, and for the large-area grouting plugging area 12, in addition to the grouting plugging described in example 1, the stability of the grouting plugging area is maintained by filling a mine to prevent collapse, so that the acid-resistant cement lead-zinc tailings mixed material 5 needs to be prepared in step 3), and the acid-resistant cement lead-zinc tailings mixed material 5 is backfilled to the bottom of the large-area grouting plugging area 12 through high-pressure grouting equipment in step 4).
Preparing a mixture 5 of acid-resistant cement lead-zinc tailings: the cement is not superfine acid-resistant cement, the common cement is doped with 20-30% of volcanic ash by mass percent to modify the cement and form acid-resistant cement, and in an unstable large-area grouting plugging area 12 (surrounding rock fracture zone), in order to increase the compressive strength of a mine plugging material and reduce the cost of the plugging material, lead-zinc tailings are doped into the acid-resistant cement.
The sulfur content in the lead-zinc tailings is required to be less than 5%.
The mass ratio of the acid-resistant cement to the lead-zinc tailings is 1:6-1: 10.
By grouting and plugging modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3 in a small-area grouting and plugging area 11 (fault fracture zone and bedrock fracture zone) and mine backfilling and plugging of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings mixture 5 in an unstable large-area grouting and plugging area 12 (surrounding rock fracture zone), most acidic heavy metal drainage is controlled, and a small part of acidic heavy metal drainage is plugged in a way of backfilling bentonite 4 in a complete bedrock zone, so that the control of the acidic drainage of the whole mine zone is realized.
Example 4
The acidic heavy metal drainage plugging structure for the abandoned pyrite well comprises a grouting plugging area 1 and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area 2 which are positioned in the mine, bentonite 4 is filled in the complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area 2, the grouting plugging area 1 is divided into a small-area grouting plugging area 11 with the sectional area smaller than 8 square meters and a large-area grouting plugging area 12 with the sectional area larger than or equal to 8 square meters, modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3 is filled at the upper part of the small-area grouting plugging area 11, bentonite 4 is filled at the bottom of the small-area grouting plugging area 11, modified acid-resistant superfine cement 3 is filled at the upper part of the large-area grouting plugging area 12, and a mixture 5 of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings is filled at the bottom of the large-area grouting plugging area 12.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) carrying out hydrogeological survey on the tunnel: the method comprises the following steps that pyrite is located in metamorphic rocks, a tunnel is formed after excavation, water seepage parameters are measured and recorded during tunnel hydrogeological investigation, the water seepage parameters comprise water seepage point positions and water seepage amounts, and the tunnel is divided into a water inflow area, a water spraying area and a drying area according to the water seepage point positions and the water seepage amounts;
dividing a grouting plugging area (1) and a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area (2): according to the crushing degree of bedrock, dividing tunnel surrounding rock into a fault crushing zone, a bedrock fracture development zone and a complete bedrock zone respectively, dividing the fault crushing zone and the bedrock fracture development zone into a grouting plugging zone (1) together, and dividing the complete bedrock zone into a complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing zone (2);
preparing a plugging material: preparing modified acid-resistant superfine cement (3) and bentonite (4);
plugging the tunnel: injecting modified acid-resistant superfine cement (3) into the upper part of the grouting plugging area (1) through high-pressure grouting equipment, and backfilling bentonite (4) to the bottom of the complete surrounding rock seepage-proofing area (2).
2. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: preparation of modified acid-resistant ultrafine cement (3): the superfine cement is modified by adding volcanic ash with the mass fraction of 20-30%, and the active ingredients of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the volcanic ash react with the calcium hydroxide of the cement hydration product to produce calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate with good chemical stability.
3. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the area of the grouting plugging area (1) is less than 5-10 square meters, the grouting plugging area is defined as a small-area grouting plugging area (11), and bentonite (4) is backfilled at the bottom of the small-area grouting plugging area (11).
4. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the sectional area of the grouting plugging area (1) is more than or equal to 5-10 square meters, the large-area grouting plugging area (12) is defined, in the step 3), a mixture (5) of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings is required to be prepared, and in the step 4), the mixture (5) of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings is backfilled to the bottom of the large-area grouting plugging area (12) through high-pressure grouting equipment.
5. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 4, characterized in that: preparing a mixture (5) of acid-resistant cement and lead-zinc tailings: the common cement is doped with 20-30% of volcanic ash by mass percent to modify the cement and form acid-resistant cement, and lead-zinc tailings are doped into the acid-resistant cement.
6. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 5, characterized in that: the sulfur content in the lead-zinc tailings is required to be lower than 5 percent; the mass ratio of the acid-resistant cement to the lead-zinc tailings is 1:6-1: 10.
7. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the water seepage shows a continuous flowing state, the water inflow area is a water inflow area, and the water inflow amount is more than 0.05L/square meter per second; when the water presents an intermittent dripping state, the water is in a water spraying area, and the water inflow is between 0.005 and 0.05L/square meter.s; when the water is in a non-dripping state, the water is in a drying area, and the water inflow is less than 0.005L/square meter per second.
8. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bedrock breaking degree parameter is a bedrock fracture rate, wherein rocks near a fault breaking zone are broken, the fracture rate is more than 5%, and a water burst area corresponds to the fault breaking zone; the fracture rate of the bed rock fracture development zone is between 2 and 5 percent, and the water spraying area corresponds to the bed rock fracture development zone; the fracture rate of the complete bedrock area is less than 2%, and the dry area corresponds to the complete bedrock area.
9. The waste pyrite well acidic heavy metal drainage plugging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure generated by the high-pressure grouting equipment in the step 4) is 25-35 MPa.
10. A sour heavy metal drainage block structure of abandonment pyrite well: the method is characterized in that: the construction method comprises a grouting plugging area (1) and an integral surrounding rock seepage-proofing area (2), wherein bentonite (4) is filled in the integral surrounding rock seepage-proofing area (2), the grouting plugging area (1) is divided into a small-area grouting plugging area (11) with the sectional area smaller than 5-10 square meters and a large-area grouting plugging area (12) with the sectional area larger than or equal to 5-10 square meters, modified acid-resistant superfine cement (3) is filled at the upper part of the small-area grouting plugging area (11), bentonite (4) is filled at the bottom of the small-area grouting plugging area (11), modified acid-resistant superfine cement (3) is filled at the upper part of the large-area grouting plugging area (12), and a mixture (5) of acid-resistant lead-zinc tailings is filled at the bottom of the large-area grouting plugging area (12).
CN202111618319.7A 2021-12-28 2021-12-28 Acid heavy metal drainage plugging process and structure for waste pyrite well Pending CN114412558A (en)

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CN202111618319.7A CN114412558A (en) 2021-12-28 2021-12-28 Acid heavy metal drainage plugging process and structure for waste pyrite well

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111618319.7A CN114412558A (en) 2021-12-28 2021-12-28 Acid heavy metal drainage plugging process and structure for waste pyrite well

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