CN114411039A - Method for preparing high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag, which comprises the following steps: according to the mass percentage, 65 to 75 percent of stainless steel dust, 5 to 15 percent of chromium slag, 10 to 20 percent of bituminous coal and 5 to 10 percent of flux are uniformly mixed and then hot-pressed into a carbon-containing briquette; carrying out metallization reduction on the carbon-containing briquettes under high-temperature conditions; performing temperature-controlled cooling self-pulverization slag-metal separation on a product of the metallization reduction of the carbon-containing briquette; and cooling the product separated from the powdered slag gold to room temperature, and screening to obtain the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy and the slag. The method for preparing the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy by using the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple process flow, low production cost and environmental friendliness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of metallurgical solid waste resources, in particular to a method for preparing a high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by utilizing stainless steel dust and chromium slag.
Background
China is a country with large energy consumption, the ore consumption of the steel industry of China reaches 14 hundred million tons in recent years, and a large amount of imported ore and high energy consumption have great obstacles to the sustainable economic development of China. And along with the continuous increase of the product quantity in the steel industry, various solid waste dust and waste residues generated are increased year by year, and the harmful secondary resources are accumulated in a large quantity by a bad treatment mode, so that the waste of the resources and the damage to the environment are caused. Stainless steel is a main product in the modern steel smelting industry, and China is a country with large stainless steel yield and consumption and is the first place in the world for many years. Stainless steel dust produced in the stainless steel smelting process and chromium slag produced in industrial production contain a large amount of metal oxides such as chromium, nickel, iron and the like, and long-term accumulation and poor treatment modes not only cause waste of solid waste resources, but also cause large consumption of national mineral resources, and hinder development of national economy. Therefore, the method reasonably treats the stainless steel dust generated in the stainless steel smelting process and the chromium slag generated in the industrial production, and has important significance for saving resources, reducing energy consumption, protecting the environment and promoting the economic development of China.
At present, there are various methods for treating stainless steel dust and chromium slag, but these methods generally have the following problems: (1) the method for preparing the alloy such as the chrome-nickel-iron alloy has the problems of low metal recovery rate in a reduction product, low metal grade in the reduced alloy and the like. (2) In the preparation process of the raw materials, components such as a binder, an additive, a slag former and the like need to be added, the preparation process of the raw materials is complex, and the problems of the improvement of the reduction cost and the like are caused. (3) In order to fully reduce metal oxides, nearly half or more of bituminous coal is added in most raw materials, so that a large amount of bituminous coal is consumed, and the development aim of energy conservation and emission reduction is not facilitated.
Therefore, a new method for preparing high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag is needed to reduce the cost of raw material preparation, reduce energy consumption in the reduction process, simplify the process flow, reduce the environmental load and realize the green sustainable development of the steel industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the method for preparing the high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by utilizing the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag, which has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple process flow, low production cost and environmental friendliness.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for preparing high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag, which comprises the following steps:
respectively drying and crushing stainless steel dust, chromium slag, bituminous coal and a flux, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain required experimental raw materials;
uniformly mixing 65-75% of the treated stainless steel dust, 5-15% of the treated chromium slag, 10-20% of bituminous coal and 5-10% of a flux by mass percent, and then hot-pressing the mixture into a carbon-containing briquette;
carrying out metallization reduction on the carbon-containing briquettes under high-temperature conditions;
carrying out temperature-controlled cold self-pulverization slag-metal separation on the metallized reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette;
and cooling the product separated from the powdered slag gold to room temperature, and screening to obtain the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy and the slag.
Further, the mass fraction of total iron in the stainless steel dust is not less than 28%, the mass fraction of chromium is not less than 8%, and the mass fraction of nickel is not less than 1%; the mass fraction of total iron in the chromium slag is not less than 18 percent, and the mass fraction of chromium is not less than 4 percent; the mass fraction of fixed carbon in the bituminous coal is not less than 50%, the ash content is not more than 12%, the volatile content is not more than 30%, and the colloid layer index is not less than 10.
Further, the hot pressing pressure of the carbon-containing briquettes prepared by hot pressing is 30-40 MPa, the hot pressing temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is not less than 1 min.
Furthermore, the metallization reduction of the carbon-containing briquette under the high-temperature condition and the temperature-controlled cooling self-pulverization slag-metal separation of the metallization reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette are both continuously carried out in a high-temperature furnace.
Further, the temperature of metallization reduction of the carbon-containing briquettes in a high-temperature furnace is 1350-1450 ℃, the reduction time is 30-90 min, and CO is added2The partial pressure does not exceed 10%.
Further, the temperature of the metallized reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette separated from the powdered slag gold in the high-temperature furnace is controlled to be 1000-1200 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 15-30 min.
The invention provides a method for preparing high-chromium nickel iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag, which takes the stainless steel dust, the chromium slag, bituminous coal and flux as raw materials, and finally obtains the high-grade chromium nickel iron alloy through a metallization reduction and self-pulverization slag-metal separation process.
In addition, the method for preparing the high-chromium nickel iron alloy by using the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag provided by the invention is not easy to generate a highly toxic substance Cr in the reduction process of the solid waste6+And the Cr metal oxide is finally reduced into the Cr metal alloy, so that the problem of poison of Cr metal in two solid wastes is effectively solved, the detoxification of stainless steel dust and chromium slag is realized, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the harmless treatment of the chromium-containing solid wastes is realized. In addition, the method finally obtains harmless slag, and Cr, Ni and Fe metals are not left in the slag, thereby reducing the pollution to the environment. Meanwhile, 10-20% of bituminous coal and 5-10% of flux are added into the raw materials mainly comprising stainless steel dust and chromium slag, so that the amount of the bituminous coal and the flux consumed is relatively small, the volatile components and ash content generated after reduction are small, and the pollution to the environment is further effectively reduced.
Meanwhile, the method for preparing the high-chromium nickel iron alloy by using the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag has the advantages of simple process flow, easiness and convenience in operation, low process reduction temperature, low energy consumption, high product quality, high production efficiency and the like, can meet the requirements of steel production on low energy consumption, low cost, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, provides a new method and way for recycling chromium-containing nickel iron solid waste for steel enterprises, can provide production guidance for long-term development of stainless steel smelting for the steel enterprises, and has wide industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for preparing high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing a high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1) drying and crushing stainless steel dust, chromium slag, bituminous coal and flux respectively, and screening through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain required experimental raw materials.
Step 2) uniformly mixing 65-75% of stainless steel dust, 5-15% of chromium slag, 10-20% of bituminous coal and 5-10% of flux in a mixer by mass percent, and then carrying out hot press molding in a mold at a hot press pressure of 30-40 MPa, a hot press temperature of 150-250 ℃ and a dwell time of not less than 1min to obtain the carbon-containing briquette. The mass fraction of total iron in the stainless steel dust is not less than 28%, the mass fraction of chromium is not less than 8%, and the mass fraction of nickel is not less than 1%; the mass fraction of total iron in the chromium slag is not less than 18 percent, and the mass fraction of chromium is not less than 4 percent; the mass fraction of fixed carbon in the bituminous coal is not less than 50%, the ash content is not more than 12%, the volatile content is not more than 30%, and the colloid layer index is not less than 10.
And 3) putting the carbon-containing briquettes into a high-temperature furnace for metallization reduction. Wherein the temperature of the carbon-containing briquette for metallization reduction in a high-temperature furnace is controlled to be 1350-1450 ℃, the reduction time is controlled to be 30-90 min, and CO is added2The partial pressure does not exceed 10%.
And 4) continuously placing the product of the metallization reduction of the carbon-containing briquette in a high-temperature furnace for separating the self-powdering slag gold. Wherein the temperature of the metallized reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette separated from the powdered slag gold in the high-temperature furnace is controlled to be 1000-1200 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 15-30 min.
And 5) taking out a product separated from the powdered slag gold, cooling to room temperature, and screening to obtain the high-chromium nickel-iron alloy and the slag.
The following provides a specific description of the method for preparing high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag.
Example 1
Fully drying stainless steel dust, chromium slag, bituminous coal and flux, crushing and screening, weighing 75% of the stainless steel dust, 5% of the chromium slag, 15% of the bituminous coal and 5% of the acid flux according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, and then performing compression molding under the conditions of a hot-pressing pressure of 40MPa, a hot-pressing temperature of 200 ℃ and a pressure maintaining time of 1min to obtain the carbon-containing briquette.
And (3) placing the crucible containing the carbon-containing pressing block into a high-temperature furnace, performing high-temperature metallization reduction and self-pulverization slag-metal separation process in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and finally controlling pulverization separation in a closed container to obtain the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy and harmless slag. Wherein the high-temperature reduction temperature is 1450 ℃, the reduction time is 60min, the separation control temperature of the self-powdering slag gold is 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min. In the obtained high-grade chromium-nickel-iron alloy, the mass fraction of metal Fe is 61.31%, the mass fraction of metal Cr is 13.18%, the mass fraction of metal Ni is 4.41%, and the mass fractions of harmful components P and S are both less than 0.03%. The recovery rates of the Fe, Cr and Ni metal oxides reduced into metal in the integral stainless steel dust and the chromium slag are 91.63%, 92.17% and 92.12% respectively.
Example 2
Fully drying the stainless steel dust, the chromium slag, the bituminous coal and the flux, crushing and screening, weighing 70% of the stainless steel dust, 10% of the chromium slag, 15% of the bituminous coal and 5% of the acid flux according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, and then performing compression molding under the conditions of a hot-pressing pressure of 40MPa, a hot-pressing temperature of 200 ℃ and a pressure maintaining time of 1min to obtain the carbon-containing briquette.
And (3) placing the crucible containing the carbon-containing pressing block into a high-temperature furnace, performing high-temperature metallization reduction and self-pulverization slag-metal separation process in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and finally controlling pulverization separation in a closed container to obtain the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy and harmless slag. Wherein the high-temperature reduction temperature is 1400 ℃, the reduction time is 60min, the separation temperature of the self-powdering slag gold is 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 25 min. The mass fraction of metal Fe in the obtained high-grade chromium-nickel-iron alloy is 59.63%, the mass fraction of metal Cr is 12.85%, the mass fraction of metal Ni is 4.31%, and the mass fractions of harmful components P and S are both less than 0.03%. The recovery rates of reducing Fe, Cr and Ni metal oxides into metal in the integral stainless steel dust and chromium slag are respectively 90.05%, 90.22% and 91.11%.
Example 3
Fully drying the stainless steel dust, the chromium slag, the bituminous coal and the flux, crushing and screening, weighing 65% of the stainless steel dust, 15% of the chromium slag, 15% of the bituminous coal and 5% of the acid flux according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, and then performing compression molding under the conditions of a hot-pressing pressure of 40MPa, a hot-pressing temperature of 200 ℃ and a pressure maintaining time of 1min to obtain the carbon-containing briquette.
And (3) placing the crucible containing the carbon-containing pressing block into a high-temperature furnace, performing high-temperature metallization reduction and self-pulverization slag-metal separation process in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and finally controlling pulverization separation in a closed container to obtain the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy and harmless slag. Wherein the high-temperature reduction temperature is 1450 ℃, the reduction time is 60min, the separation control temperature of the self-powdering slag gold is 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min. The mass fraction of metal Fe in the obtained high-grade chromium-nickel-iron alloy is 59.56%, the mass fraction of metal Cr is 12.93%, the mass fraction of metal Ni is 4.13%, and the mass fractions of harmful components P and S are both less than 0.03%. The recovery rates of the Fe, Cr and Ni metal oxides reduced into metal in the integral stainless steel dust and the chromium slag are 89.46%, 88.94% and 89.67% respectively.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing high-chromium nickel-iron alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively drying and crushing stainless steel dust, chromium slag, bituminous coal and a flux, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain required experimental raw materials;
uniformly mixing 65-75% of the treated stainless steel dust, 5-15% of the treated chromium slag, 10-20% of bituminous coal and 5-10% of a flux by mass percent, and then hot-pressing the mixture into a carbon-containing briquette;
carrying out metallization reduction on the carbon-containing briquettes under high-temperature conditions;
carrying out temperature-controlled cold self-pulverization slag-metal separation on the metallized reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette;
and cooling the product separated from the powdered slag gold to room temperature, and screening to obtain the high-chromium-nickel-iron alloy and the slag.
2. The method for preparing the high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass fraction of total iron in the stainless steel dust is not less than 28%, the mass fraction of chromium is not less than 8%, and the mass fraction of nickel is not less than 1%; the mass fraction of total iron in the chromium slag is not less than 18 percent, and the mass fraction of chromium is not less than 4 percent; the mass fraction of fixed carbon in the bituminous coal is not less than 50%, the ash content is not more than 12%, the volatile content is not more than 30%, and the colloid layer index is not less than 10.
3. The method for preparing the high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hot pressing pressure of the carbon-containing briquettes prepared by hot pressing is 30-40 MPa, the hot pressing temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is not less than 1 min.
4. The method for preparing the high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using the stainless steel dust and the chromium slag according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the metallization reduction of the carbon-containing briquette under the high-temperature condition and the temperature-controlled cooling self-pulverization slag-metal separation of the metallization reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette are both continuously carried out in a high-temperature furnace.
5. The method for preparing high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the carbon-containing briquette in the high-temperature furnace for metallization reduction is 1350-1450 ℃, the reduction time is 30-90 min, and CO is added2The partial pressure does not exceed 10%.
6. The method for preparing high-chromium ferronickel alloy by using stainless steel dust and chromium slag according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the metallized reduction product of the carbon-containing briquette separated from the powdered slag gold in the high-temperature furnace is controlled to be 1000-1200 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 15-30 min.
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