CN114411023A - High-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, preparation method and application - Google Patents
High-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the powder material comprises the following main alloy elements in percentage by mass: mg: 2.5 to 4.0 wt%, Zr: 1.0-1.5 wt%, Ti: 1.0-1.5 wt%, Mn: 0.7-1.2 wt%, and the balance of Al. According to the invention, Mg and Ti elements are added, and Zr element is added to enable the elements to form a dispersed phase with Ti, so that the dispersion strengthening effect is achieved in the heat treatment process, in order to solve the problem that Mn element is added to the hot cracking of the material to improve the weldability of the material, the 3D printing method is adopted to realize the interaction of each element in the multi-element alloy, the restriction of the solid solubility of the components on the improvement of the material performance is greatly improved, and finally the aluminum alloy powder material achieves the purposes of excellent strength and toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials, in particular to a high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, a preparation method and application.
Background
In recent years, along with the development of additive manufacturing technology, especially laser additive technology, a good solution is provided for the liberation of the design freedom degree, and different from the traditional material reduction processing, the additive technology has extremely high material utilization rate and almost does not need subsequent processing.
At present, a series of materials based on Al-Si series alloy are mostly applied in the field of aluminum alloy additive manufacturing, are all formed by improving cast aluminum alloy, have good molten pool feeding capacity, can form a product with high density by laser additive manufacturing, but are limited by the material system, the mechanical property of the material is poor, the tensile strength is generally 300MPa, the yield strength is 180MPa, the elongation is 12%, the material forming performance is not high enough even under the rapid cooling condition, and the requirement of a complex structural part is difficult to be met.
The other system in the aluminum alloy printable material is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy which is improved on the basis of the Al-Mg alloy, the alloy has good room temperature strength and toughness, but the material needs to be added with a large amount of rare earth elements, and the alloy has extremely high requirements on the preparation process, is extremely easy to react with a crucible and partial inert gas, is expensive and has certain safety risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, a preparation method and application, and aims to solve the problems that the powder material in the prior art is poor in mechanical property and high in cost due to the fact that a large amount of rare earth elements need to be added.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 2.5 to 4.0 wt%, Zr: 1.0-1.5 wt%, Ti: 1.0-1.5 wt%, Mn: 0.7-1.2 wt%, and the balance of Al.
In the prior technical scheme, the raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10Pa, and then filling inert gas to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, putting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy at 850-1300 ℃ to be smelted into smelting liquid, and then putting the smelting liquid at 1190-1300 ℃ to be kept warm and kept stand for 15-30 min to obtain alloy melt;
and 4, filling inert gas into the smelting device, atomizing the prepared alloy smelting liquid by using high-speed inert gas flow, and crushing the alloy smelting liquid into small liquid drops to obtain the original powder.
In the prior art, the method further includes:
and 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder mixing loading amount is 10-30 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 200-400 r/min, and the powder mixing time is 15-30 min/time.
In the prior art, the method further includes:
and 6, drying the powder subjected to batch mixing in a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 55-80 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is required to be less than or equal to 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6-8 h.
In the prior art, the method further includes:
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 500-plus-one 800-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally installing airflow for drainage, selecting a 200-plus-one 300-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive meeting the requirement of additive manufacturing and molding.
The application of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing is characterized in that the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing is used in a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process is an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 100-140 ℃;
laser power: 260-280W;
scanning speed: 1000-1350 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.1-0.15 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.03-0.06 mm;
the area overlapping is set to be 0.1-0.2 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
According to the prior technical scheme, the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be dried before additive manufacturing and forming, and is placed in a vacuum drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 55-80 ℃, the vacuum degree requirement is less than or equal to 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6-8 hours.
According to the prior technical scheme, the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 350-400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour of heating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in order to achieve the purpose of excellent strength and toughness, the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive disclosed by the invention is added with Mg and Ti elements, and added with Zr element to form a dispersed phase with Ti, so that the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material has a dispersion strengthening effect in a heat treatment process. In order to solve the problem that the weldability of the material is improved by adding Mn element in the hot cracking process, the interaction of each element in the multi-element alloy is realized by adopting a 3D printing method, and the restriction of the solid solubility of the components on the improvement of the material performance is greatly improved.
The experimental result shows that the powder material provided by the invention has uniform tissue and no obvious segregation, the mechanical property meets the harsh requirement of aviation additive manufacturing, the performance after heat treatment reaches 423-428 MPa of tensile strength, 390-395 MPa of lower flexural strength and 22% of elongation.
In addition, the invention does not need to add a large amount of rare earth elements or use a complex process for coating, has lower cost and can meet the requirement of industrial production. The formed part printed by the powder material has the advantages of flaw detection without defects, metallographic phase without defects and excellent surface quality.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to various embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, but the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
A high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 3.3 wt%, Zr: 1.2 wt%, Ti: 1.3 wt%, Mn: 0.9 wt%, the balance being Al.
The raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is 8Pa, and then filling nitrogen to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, putting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy at 850 ℃ to smelt into smelting liquid, and then putting the smelting liquid at 1250 ℃ to preserve heat and stand for 20min to prepare alloy melt;
step 4, nitrogen is filled into a smelting device, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow, and the alloy smelting liquid is crushed into small liquid drops, so that original powder can be obtained;
step 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder loading amount of the mixed powder is 15 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 200 revolutions/minute, and the powder mixing time is 30 minutes/time;
step 6, placing the powder subjected to batch mixing treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 800Pa, and the drying time is 8 hours;
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 600-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally installing airflow for drainage, selecting a 250-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser material increase, which meets the material increase manufacturing and forming requirements.
And drying the sieved powder before additive manufacturing and forming, and placing the powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying the powder at 60 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is required to be 800Pa, and the drying time is 8 h.
The powder material obtained by the embodiment is used for a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process refers in particular to an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 120 ℃;
laser power: 265W;
scanning speed: 1350 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.12 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.03 mm;
the zone overlap was set to 0.15 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour.
The powder material of this example was subjected to a performance test using a tensile tester, and the results were as follows:
the molded article of the powdery material of this example had a tensile strength of 427MPa, a lower yield strength of 392MPa, and an elongation of 22%.
Example 2
A high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 2.8 wt%, Zr: 1.5 wt%, Ti: 1.2 wt%, Mn: 1.0 wt%, the balance being Al.
The raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is 9Pa, and then filling nitrogen to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, putting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy at 1100 ℃ to be smelted into smelting liquid, then putting the smelting liquid at 1300 ℃ to be kept warm and kept stand for 15min to obtain alloy melt;
step 4, nitrogen is filled into a smelting device, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow, and the alloy smelting liquid is crushed into small liquid drops, so that original powder can be obtained;
step 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder loading amount of the mixed powder is 20 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 300 r/min, and the powder mixing duration is 20 min/time;
step 6, placing the powder subjected to batch mixing treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 65 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 1000Pa, and the drying time is 7 hours;
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 700-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally arranging airflow for drainage, selecting a 300-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser material increase, which meets the material increase manufacturing and forming requirements.
And drying the sieved powder before additive manufacturing and forming, and placing the powder in a vacuum drying oven to dry the powder at 65 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is 1000Pa, and the drying time is 7 hours.
The powder material obtained by the embodiment is used for a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process refers in particular to an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 130 ℃;
laser power: 270W;
scanning speed: 1300 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.15 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.04 mm;
the zone overlap was set to 0.2 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour.
The powder material of this example was subjected to a performance test using a tensile tester, and the results were as follows:
the molded article of the powdery material of this example had a tensile strength of 424MPa, a lower yield strength of 394MPa and an elongation of 21%.
Example 3
A high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 2.5 wt%, Zr: 1.5 wt%, Ti: 1.0 wt%, Mn: 1.2 wt%, the balance being Al.
The raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is 8Pa, and then filling nitrogen to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, putting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy at 1250 ℃ to be smelted into smelting liquid, then putting the smelting liquid at 1200 ℃ to be kept warm and kept stand for 20min to prepare alloy melt;
step 4, nitrogen is filled into a smelting device, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow, and the alloy smelting liquid is crushed into small liquid drops, so that original powder can be obtained;
step 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder loading amount of the mixed powder is 20 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 300 r/min, and the powder mixing duration is 20 min/time;
step 6, placing the powder subjected to batch mixing treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 75 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 1000Pa, and the drying time is 7 hours;
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 700-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally arranging airflow for drainage, selecting a 300-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser material increase, which meets the material increase manufacturing and forming requirements.
And drying the sieved powder before additive manufacturing and forming, and placing the powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying the powder at 80 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is required to be 1000Pa, and the drying time is 7 hours.
The powder material obtained by the embodiment is used for a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process refers in particular to an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 120 ℃;
laser power: 275W;
scanning speed: 1050 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.12 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.04 mm;
the zone overlap was set to 0.2 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour.
The powder material of this example was subjected to a performance test using a tensile tester, and the results were as follows:
the molded article of the powdery material of this example had a tensile strength of 425MPa, a lower yield strength of 390MPa, and an elongation of 22%.
Example 4
A high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 3.0 wt%, Zr: 1.2 wt%, Ti: 1.0 wt%, Mn: 0.7 wt%, and the balance being Al.
The raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is 10Pa, and then filling nitrogen to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, putting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy at 900 ℃ to be smelted into smelting liquid, then putting the smelting liquid at 1190 ℃ to be kept warm and kept stand for 30min to obtain alloy melt;
step 4, nitrogen is filled into a smelting device, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow, and the alloy smelting liquid is crushed into small liquid drops, so that original powder can be obtained;
step 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder mixing loading is 30 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 250 revolutions/minute, and the powder mixing duration is 15 minutes/time;
step 6, placing the powder subjected to batch mixing treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 900Pa, and the drying time is 6 hours;
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 800-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally installing airflow for drainage, selecting a 200-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive meeting the additive manufacturing and forming requirements.
And drying the sieved powder before additive manufacturing and forming, and placing the powder in a vacuum drying oven to dry the powder at the temperature of 80 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is required to be 800Pa, and the drying time is 8 h.
The powder material obtained by the embodiment is used for a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process refers in particular to an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 140 ℃;
laser power: 260W;
scanning speed: 1000 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.1 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.03 mm;
the zone overlap was set to 0.1 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour.
The powder material of this example was subjected to a performance test using a tensile tester, and the results were as follows:
the molded article of the powder material of this example had a tensile strength of 424MPa, a lower yield strength of 391MPa, and an elongation of 23%.
Example 5
A high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 4.0 wt%, Zr: 1.0 wt%, Ti: 1.5 wt%, Mn: 0.9 wt%, the balance being Al.
The raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is 8Pa, and then filling nitrogen to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, smelting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy into a smelting solution at 1300 ℃, and then standing the smelting solution at 1230 ℃ for 25min to obtain an alloy solution;
step 4, nitrogen is filled into a smelting device, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow, and the alloy smelting liquid is crushed into small liquid drops, so that original powder can be obtained;
step 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder loading amount of the mixed powder is 15 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 300 r/min, and the powder mixing time is 15 min/time;
step 6, placing the powder subjected to batch mixing treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 55 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6 hours;
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 500-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally installing airflow for drainage, selecting a 250-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser material increase, which meets the material increase manufacturing and forming requirements.
And drying the sieved powder before additive manufacturing and forming, and placing the powder in a vacuum drying oven to dry the powder at 55 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is 900Pa, and the drying time is 8 hours.
The powder material obtained by the embodiment is used for a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process refers in particular to an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 100 ℃;
laser power: 270W;
scanning speed: 1200 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.15 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.06 mm;
the zone overlap was set to 0.1 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour.
The powder material of this example was subjected to a performance test using a tensile tester, and the results were as follows:
the molded article of the powdery material of this example had a tensile strength of 428MPa, a lower yield strength of 392MPa, and an elongation of 21%.
Example 6
A high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, wherein the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 3.5 wt%, Zr: 1.3 wt%, Ti: 1.4 wt%, Mn: 1.1 wt%, the balance being Al.
The raw materials of the powder material are the combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is 8Pa, and then filling nitrogen to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, smelting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy into a smelting solution at 1050 ℃, and then placing the smelting solution at 1280 ℃ for heat preservation and standing for 22min to obtain an alloy solution;
step 4, nitrogen is filled into a smelting device, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow, and the alloy smelting liquid is crushed into small liquid drops, so that original powder can be obtained;
step 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder loading amount of the mixed powder is 10 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 400 r/min, and the powder mixing time is 25 min/time;
step 6, placing the powder subjected to batch mixing treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 800Pa, and the drying time is 8 hours;
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 550-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally installing airflow for drainage, selecting a 200-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive meeting the additive manufacturing and forming requirements.
And drying the sieved powder before additive manufacturing and forming, and placing the powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying the powder at 70 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6 hours.
The powder material obtained by the embodiment is used for a printing process of additive manufacturing molding, the printing process refers in particular to an optical fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 110 ℃;
laser power: 280W;
scanning speed: 1350 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.12 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.05 mm;
the zone overlap was set to 0.15 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heat preservation temperature needs to be reached after 1 hour.
The powder material of this example was subjected to a performance test using a tensile tester, and the results were as follows:
the molded article of the powder material of this example had a tensile strength of 423MPa, a lower yield strength of 395MPa, and an elongation of 22%.
Table 1 shows the properties of the shaped parts obtained from the powder materials of the examples described above.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Tensile strength | 427MPa | 424MPa | 425MPa | 424MPa | 428MPa | 423MPa |
| Lower yield strength | 392MPa | 394MPa | 390MPa | 391MPa | 392MPa | 395MPa |
| Elongation percentage | 22％ | 21％ | 22％ | 23％ | 21％ | 22％ |
The above table shows that the powder material of each embodiment of the invention meets the harsh requirements of aviation additive manufacturing, and the performance after heat treatment reaches tensile strength of 423-428 MPa, lower flexural strength of 390-395 MPa and elongation of 22%.
In order to achieve the purpose of excellent strength and toughness, Mg and Ti elements are added into the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive, and Zr element is added to form a dispersed phase with Ti, so that the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material has the effect of dispersion strengthening in the heat treatment process. In order to solve the problem that the weldability of the material is improved by adding Mn element in the hot cracking process, the interaction of each element in the multi-element alloy is realized by adopting a 3D printing method, and the restriction of the solid solubility of the components on the improvement of the material performance is greatly improved.
In addition, the invention does not need to add a large amount of rare earth elements or use a complex process for coating, has lower cost and can meet the requirement of industrial production. The formed part printed by the powder material has the advantages of flaw detection without defects, metallographic phase without defects and excellent surface quality.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive is characterized in that the mass fraction of main alloy elements in the powder material is as follows: mg: 2.5 to 4.0 wt%, Zr: 1.0-1.5 wt%, Ti: 1.0-1.5 wt%, Mn: 0.7-1.2 wt%, and the balance of Al.
2. The high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive according to claim 1, wherein raw materials of the powder material are a combination of magnesium, pure aluminum, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-manganese alloy and an aluminum-titanium alloy.
3. The method for preparing a high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
step 1, weighing required amounts of raw materials of magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
step 2, vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10Pa, and then filling inert gas to atmospheric pressure;
step 3, putting aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy at 850-1300 ℃ to be smelted into smelting liquid, and then putting the smelting liquid at 1190-1300 ℃ to be kept warm and kept stand for 15-30 min to obtain alloy melt;
and 4, filling inert gas into the smelting device, atomizing the prepared alloy smelting liquid by using high-speed inert gas flow, and crushing the alloy smelting liquid into small liquid drops to obtain the original powder.
4. The method for preparing a high toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive according to claim 3, wherein said method further comprises:
and 5, mixing the original powder obtained in the step 4 in batches, wherein the powder mixing loading amount is 10-30 kg/time, the powder mixing speed is 200-400 r/min, and the powder mixing time is 15-30 min/time.
5. The method for preparing a high toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive according to claim 4, wherein said method further comprises:
and 6, drying the powder subjected to batch mixing in a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 55-80 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree is required to be less than or equal to 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6-8 h.
6. The method for preparing a high toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive according to claim 5, wherein said method further comprises:
and 7, grading the dried powder, selecting an ultrasonic vibration sieve for grading, sieving by two sieves, selecting a 500-plus-one 800-mesh sieve for the first sieve, additionally installing airflow for drainage, selecting a 200-plus-one 300-mesh sieve for the second sieve, and taking the middle pass of the two sieves to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for the laser additive meeting the requirement of additive manufacturing and molding.
7. The use of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing is used in a printing process for additive manufacturing and forming, the printing process is a fiber laser SLM printing process, and the conditions of the printing process are as follows:
printer plate preheat temperature: 100-140 ℃;
laser power: 260-280W;
scanning speed: 1000-1350 mm/s;
scanning interval: 0.1-0.15 mm;
scanning the layer thickness: 0.03-0.06 mm;
the area overlapping is set to be 0.1-0.2 mm;
and annealing, linear cutting and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the printed product.
8. The application of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 7 is characterized in that the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing needs to be dried before additive manufacturing and forming, the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material is placed in a vacuum drying oven to be dried at 55-80 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be less than or equal to 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6-8 hours.
9. The application of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 7 is characterized in that the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder material for laser additive manufacturing needs to be subjected to heat treatment after additive manufacturing and forming, the heat treatment process is vacuum heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 350-400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out, wherein the heating needs 1 hour to reach the heat preservation temperature.
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